CN1130967C - Method for breeding high-quality high-yield hybridized corn - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a seed production method for a good quality and high yield corn new species through hybridization, which belongs to the technical field of breeding a new plant species. The present invention is characterized in that a selfing line SY69 is used as a female parent, a selfing line SY13 is used as a male parent, and the selfing line SY69 and the selfing line SY13 are used for hybridization to prepare a hybridization generation of a corn new species of 'Eyu No. 10' with good quality and high yield. Compared with a comparison species, the species has the advantages of good quality, high yield, wide adaptability, etc.

Description

A kind of hybrid maize seed production method

Technical field

The invention belongs to new variety of plant seed selection field, be specifically related to a kind of invention of cross-breeding method of corn variety.

Background technology

At home and abroad, corn has become main forage crop, market prospects are boundless, therefore seed selection good quality and high output corn variety has become the main target of corn breeding in the world today, but the corn variety of large tracts of land popularization now exists high-quality low yield or outstanding problems such as high yield but poor quality, can not satisfy the demand in market.

Summary of the invention

The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiency that prior art exists, propose a kind of cross-breeding method of seed selection good quality and high output corn variety.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions;

A kind of hybrid maize seed production method, its female parent derives from corn variety 3358, an inbred line of cultivating through pedigree method; Male parent derives from corn variety SC, and through another inbred line that pedigree method is cultivated, described father, female parent is hybridized, described breeding step comprises safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, adjusting florescence, pollination is castrated in roguing, it is characterized in that adopting the following step:

(1) described maternal selfing is SY69, and described male parent selfing is SY13, preparation Eyue 10 corn variety;

(2) during the first-filial generation production of hybrid seeds, described father, maternal row are than being 1: 4; Described female parent will be with leaf to castrate the pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination of going forward side by side;

(3) during the first-filial generation spring sowing production of hybrid seeds, male parent is than maternal early sowing about 7 days.

Seed selection process of the present invention (step) is as follows:

One, father, maternal seed selection are the source of crossbreed

1, the seed selection of maternal inbred line:

With 3358 corn varieties is basic material, adopts pedigree method, selects to form through inbreeding of more generation.Selection criteria is the productivity height, coordinate force is strong, disease-resistant, anti-fall, hold green.This inbred line is maternal SY69.

2, the seed selection of male parent inbred line:

With the SC corn is basic material, adopts pedigree method, forms through the inbreeding of more generation seed selection.Selection criteria is with maternal.This inbred line is male parent SY13.

3, crossbreed source:

Obtain with SY69 * SY13.

Two, the parent is the feature of crossbreed

1, maternal SY69 feature

The seedling growing way is medium, the leaf sheath green; About 2.3 meters of plant heights; Blade is narrower, and the middle and upper part blade is straight and upright, about 19 of total leaf numbers; Tassel is longer, and branch amount 3-7, the sterile lemma lilac, the flower pesticide yellow, pollen amount is bigger, has stamen not extract lobus cardiacus fully out with regard to the loose powder phenomenon, the filigree Bluish white; Fruit ear cartridge type, about 16 centimetres of spike lengths, head progeny row are 14 row, and row grain number is about 34, and thousand kernel weight is about 300 grams; The seed yellowish red color, horse flute profile, red axle.The sowing in spring, the 115 days time of infertility.

2, the feature of male parent SY13

The seedling growing way is more prosperous, the leaf sheath purple; About 2.1 meters of plant heights; The fringe position is high about 1.1 meters, and the middle and lower part blade is roomy, and leaf is narrower on the fringe, about 21 of total leaf numbers, and tassel is longer, and branch amount is 11-15, the sterile lemma green, the flower pesticide yellow, pollen amount is medium, filigree white; The long taper of fruit ear, about 16 centimetres of spike lengths, tassel row number are 14 row, and row grain number is about 28, and thousand kernel weight is about 230 grams; The seed redness, horse flute profile, white axle.The sowing in spring is about the 120 days time of infertility.

3, crossbreed " Eyue 10 " feature

The seedling growing way is stronger, the leaf sheath purple; About 2.7 meters of plant heights; The fringe position is high about 1.1 meters, fringe position lower blade broad, and leaf is narrow, rare, very on the fringe position, about 21 of total leaf numbers, tassel is longer, and branch amount is 5-13, sterile lemma lilac, flower pesticide lilac, filigree white; The long taper of fruit ear, about 19 centimetres of spike lengths, thick about 5 centimetres of fringe, tassel row number are 16 row, and row grain number is about 38, and thousand kernel weight is about 310 grams; The seed yellowish red color, horse flute profile, red axle.Spring is in the sowing of two high mountains area, about the 135 days time of infertility.

Three, parent's breeding is the production of hybrid seeds and the culture technique main points of crossbreed

1, maternal SY69 breeding

In isolated area, plant, isolate 500 meters at least with other corns.Live at the beginning of 4 months in area, Shiyan, Hubei Province, if adopt plastic film mulching cultivation or seedling raising and transplanting, can sow in corresponding 15 days in advance; Planting density is generally per 666 square metre of 5000 strain, i.e. line-spacing: spacing in the rows is 54 centimetres: 19.5 centimetres; Execute 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers and make seed manure for per 666 square metres, execute 10 kilograms of urea and make seed manure, execute 15 kilograms of urea and make ear manuer; Intertillage in time, weeding, ridging and prevention and elimination of disease and pests.

2, the breeding of male parent SY13

In isolated area, plant, with at least apart 500 meters of other corns; Other cultivation steps are with maternal breeding.

3, the crossbreed Eyue 10 production of hybrid seeds

In isolated area, father, female parent are planted by 1: 4 kind, and date of seeding breeds with male parent.During the spring production of hybrid seeds, male parent was than sowing in maternal 7 days in advance.The thoroughly roguing in early stage of this loose powder of father and mother.Band 1-2 sheet lobus cardiacus prevents maternal loose powder during maternal the castration.Carry out artificial supplementary pollination simultaneously, to improve seed production.Pollination is in time cut down male parent after finishing, and avoids the seed mechanical admixture.The same parent propagation of production of hybrid seeds field management.

4, crossbreed Eyue 10 cultivation requirement

(1) early sowing in good time.It is live in early April to sow in spring, and plastic mulching or seedling raising and transplanting can sowings in corresponding 10-15 days in advance.

(2) rational close planting.Per 666 square metres of kind 4000 strains of nonoculture.Per 666 square metres of kind 3500 strains of interplanting.Planting patterns is line-spacing: spacing in the rows is 60 centimetres: 25 centimetres or 30 centimetres.

(3) rational application of fertilizer.Base fertilizer is generally 50 kilograms of composite fertilizers, adds 2000 kilograms of high-quality farmyard manures again.Seed manure is 10 kilograms of urea, and ear manuer is 20 kilograms of urea.

(4) enhance field management.Early, final singling, intertillage in time, weeding ridging, prevention and elimination of disease and pests in time.

Effect of the present invention is:

1, the Eyue 10 nutritional quality of the present invention's cultivation is more excellent.Through the test of grain quality supervision and inspection center of the Ministry of Agriculture, lysine content is 0.36%, and thick protein is 9.36%, and crude fat is 3.45%, and thick starch is 71.06%.

2, the Eyue 10 output height of the present invention's cultivation.General per 666 square metres are produced corn 600-800 kilogram, and the highest per 666 square metres are produced 930 kilograms of corns, and the average specific check variety increases production more than 30%.

3, producing method for seed of the present invention is simple and easy to do, and hybrid seed yield can reach the 300-400 kilogram for per 666 square metres.Indexs such as the purity of seed, cleanliness and germination rate reach country-level corresponding seed quality criteria.

Embodiment

Embodiment 1, and the present invention is two high mountain group corn multiple spot regional tests in Hubei Province

1997-1998 is two high mountain group corn regional test kinds in Hubei Province, and the Eyue 10 that the present invention is cultivated has carried out two

The varietal yield test of year multiple spot, check variety are single No. 1 of Yun county, result of the test see Table 1 and table 2 shown in:

The single No. 1 main proterties in the Eyue 10 that table 1 the present invention cultivates and check variety Yun county relatively

Kind	Plant height (cm)	Fringe position high (cm)	The rate of falling the folding (%)	Lysine (%)	Thick starch (%)
						Eyue 10	271.8	?109.6	?1.9	?0.36	?71.06
Single No. 1 CK in Yun county	276.6	?125.4	?10.6	?0.25	?63.45
						Difference	-4.8	?-15.8	?-8.7	?+0.11	?+7.61

The single No. 1 main proterties in the Eyue 10 that table 2 the present invention cultivates and check variety Yun county relatively

Kind	Tassel row number	Row grain number	Thousand kernel weight (gram)	Theoretical yield (kilogram)	Actual production (kilogram)
						Eyue 10	15.7	?37.4	?309.8	?730.8	?662.6
Single No. 1 CK in Yun county	15.7	?30.3	?339.8	?646.6	?496.0
						Difference	0	?+7.1	?-30.00	?+84.2	?+166.6 **

From table 1 as seen, the plant height of Eyue 10 and fringe position high all than Yun county single No. 1 short, illustrate that the lodging resistance of Eyue 10 is strong, the rate of falling the folding of Eyue 10 is starkly lower than contrast this point also has been described in the table 1; The content comparison of the lysine of Eyue 10 illustrates that according to high by 44% the nutritional quality of Eyue 10 is significantly higher than contrast.

As seen, the tassel row number of Eyue 10, thousand kernel weight and contrast difference are little from table 2, but every row grain number comparison of Eyue 10 is shone many 7.1, so the yield increased of Eyue 10 is high by 33.6%, difference reaches utmost point significance level.

1998-1999 is in country southwest group corn regional test, and the Eyue 10 that the present invention is cultivated has carried out the varietal yield test of 2 years multiple spots, and check variety is a Yedan No.13, and result of the test is shown in table 3, table 4:

Eyue 10 that table 3 the present invention cultivates and check variety Yedan No.13 number main proterties relatively

Kind	Plant height (cm)	Fringe position high (cm)	The rate of falling the folding (%)	Lysine (%)	Thick starch (%)
						Eyue 10	2.59	?100	?1.41	?0.36	?71.6
Yedan No.13 CK	2.58	?100	?2.42	?0.27	?65.40
						Difference	0.01	?0.00	?-1.01	?+0.09	?+5.66

Eyue 10 that table 4 the present invention cultivates and check variety Yedan No.13 number main proterties relatively

Kind	Tassel row number	Row grain number	Thousand kernel weight (gram)	Theoretical yield (kilogram)	Actual production (kilogram)
						Eyue 10	?15	?37.4	?309.8	?730.8	?662.6
Yedan No.13 CK	?14.28	?30.3	?339.8	?646.6	?496.0
						Difference	?+0.72	?+7.1	?-30.00	?+84.2	?+166.6 **

^*Represent under 0.01 level remarkable.

As seen from Table 3, the plant height of Eyue 10 and fringe position are high to be more or less the same with the contrast Yedan No.13, but the lodging resistance of Eyue 10 is stronger than Yedan No.13; The lysine of Eyue 10 is higher by 33.3% than Yedan No.13, and it is good that the nutritional quality that Eyue 10 is described is obviously compared according to Yedan No.13.

As seen from Table 4, it is single-phase more little than difference that the thousand kernel weight of Eyue 10 and contrast are tucked in, but tassel row number and the comparison of row grain number are many according to Yedan No.13, so the yield increased of Eyue 10 is high by 23.3%, difference reaches utmost point significance level.

Claims (1)

1, a kind of hybrid maize seed production method, its female parent derives from corn variety 3358, an inbred line of cultivating through pedigree method; Male parent derives from corn variety SC, and through another inbred line that pedigree method is cultivated, described father, female parent is hybridized, described breeding step comprises safe isolation, proper seeding, rational close planting, adjusting florescence, pollination is castrated in roguing, it is characterized in that adopting the following step:

(1) described maternal selfing is SY69, and described male parent selfing is SY13, preparation Eyue 10 corn variety;

(2) during the first-filial generation production of hybrid seeds, described father, maternal row are than being 1: 4; Described female parent will be with leaf to castrate the pedestrian worker's supplementary pollination of going forward side by side;

(3) during the first-filial generation spring sowing production of hybrid seeds, male parent is than maternal early sowing about 7 days.