CN113086092A - Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy - Google Patents

Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy Download PDF

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Publication number
CN113086092A
CN113086092A CN202110431804.7A CN202110431804A CN113086092A CN 113086092 A CN113086092 A CN 113086092A CN 202110431804 A CN202110431804 A CN 202110431804A CN 113086092 A CN113086092 A CN 113086092A
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China
Prior art keywords
ice
bin
controller
cylindrical cavity
wall
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CN202110431804.7A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
窦银科
何剑锋
李丙瑞
常晓敏
陈燕
杨望笑
王煜尘
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Taiyuan University of Technology
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Priority to CN202110431804.7A priority Critical patent/CN113086092A/en
Publication of CN113086092A publication Critical patent/CN113086092A/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00Buoys
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63BSHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B22/00Buoys
    • B63B2022/006Buoys specially adapted for measuring or watch purposes

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
  • Arrangements For Transmission Of Measured Signals (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses an anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy which comprises a hard buoyancy sphere, wherein the hard buoyancy sphere is provided with a cylindrical cavity with two open ends, and the center line of the cylindrical cavity is superposed with one diameter of the hard buoyancy sphere; a controller bin is arranged in the cylindrical cavity in a penetrating manner, and the outer wall of the controller bin is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity through a plurality of hard springs; the top of the controller bin is fixedly connected with a hemispherical antenna bin which is hollow inside, and an iridium antenna and an air temperature and pressure sensor are arranged in the hemispherical antenna bin; the bottom of the controller bin is connected with sensors such as a warm salt depth sensor and a sonar through a cable, and the tail end of the cable is connected with a bearing block; the outer side of the bottom of the controller bin is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity through a rubber gasket; the controller bin is internally provided with a controller and a battery pack. The invention can carry monitoring sensors with different types of parameters, and adopts remote iridium satellite to wirelessly transmit data to carry out long-term unmanned observation in polar ice sea areas.

Description

Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of polar region automatic monitoring, in particular to an anti-ice polar region ice and sea dual-purpose buoy.
Background
Over the past few decades, the south-polar marine environment has changed dramatically and has had a significant impact on global climate. The ice sea environment is the most important factor influencing the polar region climate, the change of the Antarctic ice sea environment is a mesoscale phenomenon of the polar region, the change of the Antarctic ice sea environment is an indicator of the polar region climate change, and the change plays an important role in researching and analyzing basic elements of the relationship between the polar region climate and the world climate and the change of the marine ecosystem of the polar region ice sea area by scientific researchers.
In recent decades, numerous scholars at home and abroad propose monitoring methods for environmental parameters and ecological environments of ice sea areas of north poles and south poles, such as ice-based buoys, trailing shallow standards and the like, wherein monitoring sensors for monitoring sea ice thickness, air temperature and ice temperature and salt profile under ice are arranged on the buoys and the shallow standards to monitor the ice sea environmental parameters. However, due to seasonal variability and flow characteristics of the ocean current in the ice sea area, the existing monitoring instrument is easily damaged and corroded by the flowing sea ice, and cannot maintain the original buoyancy performance after the ice layer melts, so that the existing monitoring instrument sinks to the sea bottom. The methods cannot complete the on-line monitoring of the ice-sea environment for a long time and acquire long-time monitoring data. This is a huge obstacle to the research of ice sea areas and the prediction of global climate trends.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an anti-ice polar region ice and sea dual-purpose buoy, which can be used for solving the problems in the prior art, can be provided with monitoring sensors of different types of parameters, and adopts remote iridium satellite to wirelessly transmit data to carry out long-term unmanned observation in a polar region ice and sea.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:
the invention provides an anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy which comprises a hard buoyancy sphere, wherein a cylindrical cavity with two open ends is formed in the hard buoyancy sphere, and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity is coincided with one diameter of the hard buoyancy sphere; a controller bin is arranged in the cylindrical cavity in a penetrating mode, and the outer wall of the controller bin is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity through a plurality of hard springs; the top of the controller bin is fixedly connected with a hemispherical antenna bin which is hollow inside, an iridium antenna and an air temperature and pressure sensor are arranged in the hemispherical antenna bin, the bottom of the controller bin is connected with a temperature and salt depth sensor through a cable, and the tail end of the cable is connected with a bearing block; the outer wall of the bottom of the controller bin is hermetically adhered to the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity through a rubber gasket; the controller bin is internally provided with a controller and a battery pack.
Optionally, the controller cabin is of a cylindrical structure, the outer diameter of the controller cabin is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity, and the height of the controller cabin is smaller than the length of the central axis of the cylindrical cavity.
Optionally, four layers of hard springs are arranged between the outer wall of the controller cabin and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity along the extending direction of the central axis of the cylindrical cavity.
Optionally, the controller bin and the hemispherical antenna bin are fixedly provided with a first metal circular plate, and a second metal circular plate is fixedly and hermetically arranged between the controller bin and the bottom of the cylindrical cavity.
Optionally, a first metal circular plate is fixedly connected with the top of the hard buoyancy ball body through a screw, and a sealing ring is arranged between the first metal circular plate and the hard buoyancy ball body; the hemispherical antenna bin is fixedly arranged on the first metal circular plate.
Optionally, two circular holes with a diameter of 0.5cm are formed in the side wall of the hemispherical antenna bin, so that air is ensured to enter the hemispherical antenna bin.
Optionally, the outer wall of the bottom of the controller cabin is hermetically adhered to the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity through a rubber gasket with the width of 5cm, so that seawater is prevented from entering the controller cabin from the cylindrical cavity in the buoyancy ball, and the hard spring loses effect after freezing.
Optionally, the hemispherical antenna bin comprises a base and a glass fiber reinforced plastic cover arranged on the base; the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic cover is 0.5cm, and the diameter of the bottom surface is 25 cm; the base is made of an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5cm and the diameter of 35 cm.
Compared with the common ocean shallow buoy or the ice-based buoy, the ice-sea dual-purpose buoy can solve the problem of ice resistance in the drifting process of the buoy in the ice sea, adopts a special ice-resistant buoyancy material and an anti-seismic device in the structure, has ice resistance, good buoyancy performance and stability, can be frozen in ice to drift along with ocean currents, and can be kept stable under the impact of an ice layer and the action of strong wind; after the ice layer melts, the buoy can still keep working continuously on the sea surface without sinking due to good buoyancy performance; the ice-sea dual-purpose buoy disclosed by the invention forms stable and reliable monitoring of ice-sea environment parameters, is suitable for monitoring ice-on-ice and ice-off environment parameters of polar ice-sea areas for a long time all year round, particularly monitoring parameters such as temperature and salinity of the ice-on-ice of the Antarctic ice-between lake, provides an analysis basis for the thermodynamic process in the growth and ablation processes of the ice-on-ice of the Antarctic ice-between lake, and provides reliable data support for global temperature change trend prediction.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an anti-icing polar ice and sea buoy provided by the present invention;
the buoy comprises a buoy body, a controller bin, a hard buoyancy ball, a hard spring, a battery pack, a cable, a hemispherical antenna bin, a rubber gasket, a first metal circular plate, a cylindrical cavity, a temperature and salt depth sensor, a first metal circular plate, a second metal circular plate, a first metal circular plate, a second metal circular plate, a third metal circular plate, a fourth metal circular plate, a fifth metal circular plate, a sixth metal circular plate.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described are only for illustrating the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The invention aims to provide an anti-ice polar region ice and sea dual-purpose buoy, which can be used for solving the problems in the prior art, can be provided with monitoring sensors of different types of parameters, and adopts remote iridium satellite to wirelessly transmit data to carry out long-term unmanned observation in a polar region ice and sea.
In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.
Referring to the attached figure 1, the invention provides an anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy 100 which can work with sea current drifting under the freezing of thin ice in south Pole winter and can also work continuously after floating on the sea after an ice layer melts, and comprises a hard buoyancy sphere 5 with the diameter of 1000mm, a new material with excellent main material use strength, toughness and stress corrosion crack resistance, namely epoxy resin glass bead solid, wherein the average density of the new material is 0.4g/cm3, the uniaxial pressure intensity is 120MPa, and the total weight is not more than 100 kg. And the zinc plating and protection treatment are carried out on the zinc alloy, so that the zinc alloy can be effectively suitable for a working environment at the temperature of minus 40 ℃. The hard buoyancy ball 5 adopts a scheme that the density of the lower half part is greater than that of the upper half part when in injection molding. The hard buoyancy ball 5 is provided with a cylindrical cavity 12 with two openings at two ends and a diameter of 30cm along one diameter, and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity 12 is superposed with the diameter of the hard buoyancy ball 5; a controller bin 4 made of aluminum alloy is arranged in the cylindrical cavity 12 in a penetrating manner, and the outer wall of the controller bin 4 is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 1 through a plurality of hard springs 6; the top of the controller bin 4 is fixedly connected with a hemispherical antenna bin 9 with a hollow interior, and an iridium antenna 1 and an air temperature and pressure sensor 2 are arranged in the hemispherical antenna bin 9; sensor such as deep sensor 13 of warm and salt and sonar are connected with through 20 meters long hawser 8 in 4 bottoms in controller storehouse, and 8 end-to-end connection of hawser has the heavy bearing block of 20kg for the mark body forms the heavy, the light state in upper portion in lower part, has arranged controller 3 and group battery 7 in the controller storehouse 4, and group battery 7 adopts the lithium cell, and controller 3 has adopted low-power consumption controller, dormancy awakening technique etc. to reduce system's consumption. The low-temperature lithium battery is adopted for supplying power, so that the equipment can continuously work for at least one whole year in a low-temperature severe environment; the battery pack 7 with heavier weight is fixedly arranged at the lower position in the controller bin 4, and the bottom of the controller bin 4 is provided with a mooring rope 8 of which the tail end is connected with a bearing block, so that the gravity center of the whole device is lower, the whole device is not easy to incline, and the balance performance is good; the outer wall of the bottom of the controller bin 4 is hermetically connected with the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity 12 through a rubber gasket 10 with the width of 5cm, so that a waterproof effect is achieved, and seawater is prevented from entering a gap between the controller bin 4 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 12 of the hard buoyancy ball 5 from the lower portion. According to the scheme, after the gravity center and the position of the floating center of the buoy and the performance, the volume and the structure of the buoyancy material are determined, the buoyancy stability of the buoy is calculated, and the state of the buoy under the action of external force such as wind, ocean current, waves and the like is simulated. The buoy can quickly recover to a balanced state after being inclined and has gentle swing through simulation, and the buoy is proved to have high wind resistance and strong ice load resistance.
The iridium antenna 2 and the air temperature and pressure sensor 3 are both provided with a fixed support, and the base of the fixed support is fastened on the first metal circular plate 11 by a screw. The outer edge of hemisphere glass steel antenna storehouse 9 is along outstanding 2 cm's circle limit, has evenly bored 6 screw on the circle limit, also has bored the screw with the diameter on the screw corresponds following first metal plectane 11, is fixed in on first metal plectane 11 with hemisphere antenna house 9 through the screw rod. A3-layer bracket is arranged from the top to the bottom in the controller bin 4, and the shell of the controller 3 and the battery pack 7 are fixed on the 3-layer bracket arranged in the controller bin 4 by annular screws.
Further preferably, the controller compartment 4 is cylindrical, and the outer diameter of the controller compartment 4 is 5cm smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity 12. The main chip of the controller 3 in the controller bin 4 is an MSP430 single chip microcomputer, the modules of the whole control system are designed by adopting standard interfaces, the modules comprise a single bus (1-Wire), RS232 and RS485, and the real-time clock module, the file management module and the controller are communicated by adopting an I2C protocol. The power supply control adopts a constant-current and constant-voltage null value, and the data acquisition and sensor thereof are in a working mode of powering off at ordinary times and powering on during acquisition. The data of each sensor passes through a signal preprocessing circuit, and then is stored in a solid-state storage unit in the main controller. The data in the storage unit is called by the file management module and stored in the SD card positioned in the main controller. The iridium antenna 1 is provided with a data transmission module, the data transmission module is dormant at ordinary times and can work when being awakened, and remote transmission of data is achieved. The low-temperature lithium battery of the battery pack 7 is positioned at the lower half part in the cylindrical cavity 12 and supplies power to each sensor and the iridium antenna 1 under the control of the controller 3. The data acquisition, processing and remote transmission modes are similar to the existing buoy principle and are not described in detail.
Four layers of hard springs are arranged between the outer wall of the controller bin 4 and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 12 from top to bottom, and four hard springs 6 are uniformly distributed on each layer to play roles in damping and absorbing energy of external collision. The upper end of the controller bin 4 is fixedly and hermetically connected with a first metal circular plate 11 with the diameter of 35cm, and the lower end of the controller bin is fixedly and hermetically connected with a second metal circular plate 14 with the diameter of 25 cm; six screw holes are formed in the position, close to the edge, of the first metal circular plate 11, the first metal circular plate is fixedly connected with the top of the hard buoyancy sphere 5 through screw rods penetrating through the screw holes, and a sealing ring is arranged between the first metal circular plate 11 and the hard buoyancy sphere 5; the hemispherical antenna bin 9 is fixedly arranged on the first metal circular plate 11. The bottom of the second circular metal plate 14 is fixedly provided with a metal ring, and the metal ring is fixedly connected with one end of the cable 8. The upper portion of the hemispherical antenna bin 9 is provided with a glass fiber reinforced plastic cover with the thickness of 0.5cm and the diameter of 25cm, the lower portion of the hemispherical antenna bin is provided with an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5cm and the diameter of 25cm as a base, and two round holes with the diameter of 0.5cm are formed in the side wall of the upper portion of the hemispherical antenna bin 9, so that air can enter the hemispherical antenna bin 9, and the influence on the water tightness and buoyancy of the buoy caused by the fact that snowfall and rainfall in polar regions are accumulated in the buoy can be avoided under the condition that remote communication signals are not influenced.
When the buoy is installed, the whole device is lifted by using a shipborne crane, and slowly descends after rotating to the ice sea, and the buoy can automatically unhook when floating on the ice sea. The upper part of the buoy body is exposed to approximately one third of the sea surface. A hemispherical antenna bin which is positioned at the top and is provided with a remote communication iridium antenna and a gas temperature and pressure sensor needs to be exposed out of the sea surface so as to ensure normal communication. It should be noted that the CTD temperature and salt depth sensor is located at the end of the cable 8, i.e. at a level below 20m deep water. The real-time clock module of the controller 3 is set to read observation data once in 1 hour and store the observation data in the SD card, wherein the observation data is obtained from the raw data of each sensor processed by the signal preprocessing circuit of the controller 3. The controller 3 is provided with a constant current and constant voltage module for stabilizing the electric energy of the battery pack 7, and the electric energy is transmitted to a voltage conversion module arranged on the controller 3, and the voltage conversion module processes the voltage and converts the voltage into the voltage required by each sensor. The controller 3 is provided with a file management module for storing files.
The ice-resistant polar ice and sea dual-purpose monitoring buoy is suitable for field monitoring of a polar ice sea area, a proper observation point is selected before installation, if sea ice with a certain thickness exists at the observation point, the whole buoy body can be manually transported to the ice surface during installation, an ice cave with the diameter of 1m is manually drilled, a cable and a CTD (China train digital) temperature and salt depth sensor carried by the cable are gradually thrown into the ice cave, and then a floating body is vertically placed in the ice cave, so that the buoy can stably float in the ice cave; when the sea ice melts, the whole spherical buoy floats in the sea water, and part of the main buoy body 1/3 is exposed above the water surface; when the peripheral sea ice collides with the buoy body, the hard buoyancy ball 5 can resist the impact of 100Mp, and meanwhile, the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity 12 of the hard buoyancy ball 5 and the four layers of hard springs 6 on the outer wall of the controller bin 4 play a role in damping, so that the controller bin 4 is protected from being damaged by collision. The mooring rope 8 and the battery pack 7 positioned at the lower part of the buoy body enable the gravity center of the whole equipment to be lower, the whole equipment is not prone to tilting, the system can effectively continue to survive after ice melts, normal observation operation is carried out, and long-term observation of the sea and ice dual-purpose of the buoy is achieved.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "top", "bottom", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a particular orientation, be constructed in a particular orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.

Claims (8)

1. The utility model provides an anti ice type polar region ice, dual-purpose type buoy in sea which characterized in that: the buoyancy ball comprises a hard buoyancy ball body, wherein a cylindrical cavity with two open ends is formed in the hard buoyancy ball body, and the central axis of the cylindrical cavity is coincided with one diameter of the hard buoyancy ball body; a controller bin is arranged in the cylindrical cavity in a penetrating mode, and the outer wall of the controller bin is fixedly connected with the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity through a plurality of hard springs; the top of the controller bin is fixedly connected with a hollow hemispherical antenna bin through a first metal circular plate, and an iridium antenna and a gas temperature and pressure sensor are arranged in the hemispherical antenna bin; the bottom of the controller bin is connected with a temperature and salt depth sensor through a cable, and the tail end of the cable is connected with a bearing block; the outer wall of the bottom of the controller bin is hermetically adhered to the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity through a rubber gasket; the controller bin is internally provided with a controller and a battery pack.
2. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: the controller bin is of a cylindrical structure, the outer diameter of the controller bin is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical cavity, and the height of the controller bin is smaller than the length of a central axis of the cylindrical cavity.
3. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: four layers of hard springs are arranged between the outer wall of the controller cabin and the inner wall of the cylindrical cavity along the extension direction of the central axis of the cylindrical cavity.
4. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: a first metal circular plate is fixedly arranged between the controller bin and the hemispherical antenna bin, and a second metal circular plate is fixedly and hermetically arranged between the controller bin and the bottom of the cylindrical cavity.
5. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 4, wherein: the first metal circular plate is fixedly connected with the top of the hard buoyancy ball body through a screw rod, and a sealing ring is arranged between the first metal circular plate and the hard buoyancy ball body; the outer edge of hemisphere glass steel antenna storehouse is along outstanding 2 cm's circle limit, has evenly bored 6 screws on the circle limit, also has bored the screw with the diameter on the first metal plectane below the screw corresponds, is fixed in glass steel antenna house through the screw rod on the first metal plectane.
6. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: two round holes with the diameter of 0.5cm are formed in the side wall of the hemispherical antenna bin, so that air is enabled to enter the hemispherical antenna bin.
7. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: the outer wall of the bottom of the controller cabin is hermetically adhered with the inner wall of the bottom of the cylindrical cavity through a rubber gasket with the width of 5cm, so that seawater is prevented from entering the controller cabin from the cylindrical cavity in the buoyancy ball, and the hard spring loses effect after freezing.
8. The ice-resistant polar ice, sea buoy of claim 1, wherein: the hemispherical antenna bin comprises a base and a glass fiber reinforced plastic cover arranged on the base; the thickness of the glass fiber reinforced plastic cover is 0.5cm, and the diameter of the bottom surface is 25 cm; the base is made of an aluminum alloy plate with the thickness of 0.5cm and the diameter of 35 cm.
CN202110431804.7A 2021-04-21 2021-04-21 Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy Pending CN113086092A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110431804.7A CN113086092A (en) 2021-04-21 2021-04-21 Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202110431804.7A CN113086092A (en) 2021-04-21 2021-04-21 Anti-ice polar ice and sea dual-purpose buoy

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Publication Number Publication Date
CN113086092A true CN113086092A (en) 2021-07-09

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CN112092982A (en) * 2020-09-25 2020-12-18 曲大志 Polar region is water body environment detection buoy for waters

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