CN113080333A - 一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料及其应用 - Google Patents
一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料及其应用。涉及鸡营养与调控技术领域。其所属配料具体包括：辣木叶粉、桑叶粉、玉米、豆粕、贝壳粉、食盐、磷酸氢钙、石粉、沸石粉、氯化胆碱、蛋氨酸、色氨酸、多维及植酸酶。本发明将辣木叶粉和桑叶粉添加至鸡饲料中，兼顾植物源饲料添加物的营养作用和协同作用，采用本发明产品直接饲喂鸡，可有效降低饲料消耗，提高饲料转换率，并能够增加蛋黄颜色等级和蛋壳强度，提高抗氧化能力，降低腹脂率和脂质水平，有效地提高蛋品品质和鸡只健康状况。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及畜禽饲料领域，涉及一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，更具体地，涉及一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料的应用。
背景技术
研究表明植物源饲料添加剂能够改善畜禽品质，提高生产性能。随着在畜禽行业减抗限抗禁抗政策的出台，畜禽行业利用植物源饲料进行替抗研究越来越多。辣木叶和桑叶作为一种新型高蛋白植物饲料资源，具有生物产量高、营养价值全面、适口性好，消化率高等特点，生产中将其晾干制粉后在畜禽行业的利用可提高畜禽产品品质并解决饲料短缺问题。辣木叶中含丰富的矿物质、维生素和各种活性物质，对人类和动物健康非常有益。研究表明在反刍动物、家禽等基础日粮中添一定量的辣木叶能够提高生产性能并改善产品品质。在家禽上的研究发现，海兰灰蛋鸡日粮中添加5％辣木叶粉可以提高生产性能并改善蛋品质，AA肉鸡基础日粮中添加1.56％辣木叶粉能够提高AA肉鸡胸肌中多不饱和脂肪酸含量和肌肉颜色并增加肌肉抗氧化能力。桑叶内含有丰富的碳水化合物、蛋白质、粗脂肪酸、粗纤维，以及维生素和矿物质元素，不仅是家蚕的主要食物来源，在畜禽及鱼类的生长发育中具有重要意义。利用桑叶喂鸡，其鸡蛋中胆固醇含量下降16.9％，蛋黄比例提高蛋黄颜色等级增加。吴萍等在罗曼褐壳蛋鸡中添加不同比例的桑叶粉，发现能够降低采食量，并提高蛋黄颜色等级。章学东在蛋鸡饲料中添加桑叶粉能够降低血液中总胆固醇、甘油三酯、葡萄糖含量。上述研究表明辣木叶粉和桑叶粉在家禽中应用可以有效提高生产性能，改善产品品质。
饲料中不同来源植物在营养物质、非营养物质和抗营养物质之间会发生一些互作效应，当组合正确、比例适当时，在畜禽生产中应用中常发生协同效应。在畜禽饲料中添加两种或两种以上的植物，可以产生积极的组合效应，不仅可以提高畜禽的生产质量，还可以降低生产成本。而目前关于辣木叶粉和桑叶粉在鸡饲料中的互作效应尚未见报道。
发明内容
发明目的：本发明旨在提供一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其中的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的添加配比合理，能够提高饲料转化率，降低饲料成本，提高鸡蛋品质，改善鸡只健康，具有很高的市场应用价值。
为了实现上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案具体如下：一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2-4％，桑叶粉2-4％，玉米60-65％，豆粕19-24％，贝壳粉6-8％，食盐0.1-1％，磷酸氢钙0.5-1.5％，石粉1-2％，沸石粉0.3-0.9％，氯化胆碱0.1-0.4％，蛋氨酸0.05-0.2％，色氨酸0.01-0.2％，多维0.01-0.1％，植酸酶0.001-0.01％。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2％，桑叶粉2％，玉米60％，豆粕19％，贝壳粉6％，食盐0.1％，磷酸氢钙0.5％，石粉1％，沸石粉0.3％，氯化胆碱0.1％，蛋氨酸0.05％，色氨酸0.01％，多维0.01％，植酸酶0.001％。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉4％，桑叶粉4％，玉米65％，豆粕24％，贝壳粉8％，食盐1％，磷酸氢钙1.5％，石粉2％，沸石粉0.9％，氯化胆碱0.4％，蛋氨酸0.2％，色氨酸0.2％，多维0.1％，植酸酶0.01％。
进一步的，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉3％，桑叶粉3％，玉米62.5％，豆粕21％，贝壳粉7％，食盐0.6％，磷酸氢钙1％，石粉1.5％，沸石粉0.6％，氯化胆碱0.25％，蛋氨酸0.1％，色氨酸0.1％，多维0.05％，植酸酶0.005％。
进一步的，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉通过将辣木叶和桑叶分别经过采摘、晾干、粉碎、过筛后制成粉状物应用。
进一步的，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉的质量比为1：1。
进一步的，本发明的制备方法：A、先将所述原料按重量组分称重，按重量由大到小顺序依次添加；B、将配料后的饲料利用饲料搅拌机进行充分搅拌均匀后获得配合饲料。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在增加蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低腹脂率上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低血液中甘油三酯和肝脏中胆固醇上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在提高肝脏抗氧性能上的应用。
有益效果：本发明与现有技术相比，本发明公开了一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料，将辣木叶和桑叶制备成粉状饲料，利于添加到鸡日粮中。辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的添加比例合理，给鸡食用后能够提高蛋品质，改善鸡只健康状况，提高抗氧化性能，具有广阔的市场前景，益于推广。
具体实施方式
为了使本领域的普通技术人员能更好的理解本发明的技术方案，下面通过实施例对本发明的技术方案做进一步描述。
一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2-4％，桑叶粉2-4％，玉米60-65％，豆粕19-24％，贝壳粉6-8％，食盐0.1-1％，磷酸氢钙0.5-1.5％，石粉1-2％，沸石粉0.3-0.9％，氯化胆碱0.1-0.4％，蛋氨酸0.05-0.2％，色氨酸0.01-0.2％，多维0.01-0.1％，植酸酶0.001-0.01％。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2％，桑叶粉2％，玉米60％，豆粕19％，贝壳粉6％，食盐0.1％，磷酸氢钙0.5％，石粉1％，沸石粉0.3％，氯化胆碱0.1％，蛋氨酸0.05％，色氨酸0.01％，多维0.01％，植酸酶0.001％。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉4％，桑叶粉4％，玉米65％，豆粕24％，贝壳粉8％，食盐1％，磷酸氢钙1.5％，石粉2％，沸石粉0.9％，氯化胆碱0.4％，蛋氨酸0.2％，色氨酸0.2％，多维0.1％，植酸酶0.01％。
进一步的，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉3％，桑叶粉3％，玉米62.5％，豆粕21％，贝壳粉7％，食盐0.6％，磷酸氢钙1％，石粉1.5％，沸石粉0.6％，氯化胆碱0.25％，蛋氨酸0.1％，色氨酸0.1％，多维0.05％，植酸酶0.005％。
进一步的，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉通过将辣木叶和桑叶分别经过采摘、晾干、粉碎、过筛后制成粉状物应用。
进一步的，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉的质量比为1：1。
进一步的，本发明的制备方法：A、先将所述原料按重量组分称重，按重量由大到小顺序依次添加；B、将配料后的饲料利用饲料搅拌机进行充分搅拌均匀后获得配合饲料。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在增加蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低腹脂率上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低血液中甘油三酯和肝脏中胆固醇上的应用。
进一步的，一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在提高肝脏抗氧性能上的应用。
实施例1、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于制备鸡饲料对鸡生长性能的影响：
实验鸡为文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代，在37周龄时开始实验；实验开始前选择生产性能一致的蛋鸡作为实验鸡，随机分为3组，以地方鸡的饲料为基础日粮作为对照组，分别在基础日粮中添加2.5％辣木叶粉+2.5％桑叶粉(处理1)和2.5％辣木叶粉+5％桑叶粉(处理2)，每组5个重复，每个重复14只鸡；实验开始时首先进行1周的预饲养，之后进行正式饲养6周；实验日粮的营养水平各组间一致，分别为代谢能11.08MJ/kg，粗蛋白16％，赖氨酸0.785％，蛋氨酸0.37％，钙含量3.35％，磷含量0.32％；实验在江苏省家禽科学研究所邵伯基地进行饲养，实验期间鸡只单笼饲养，自由采食和饮水，光照制度为16L:8D；实验期间统计死淘状况、记录各重复日产蛋数、周饲料消耗量、周重复平均蛋重，实验结束后计算各组饲养日产蛋率、饲料消耗量、平均蛋重及料蛋比；具体如表1所示：
表1添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料对文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代生产性能的影响
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
从表1可以看出，饲粮中添加不同配比的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉对地方鸡的平均蛋重无显著影响，添加2.5％辣木叶粉+2.5％桑叶粉组的产蛋率与对照组无显著差异，且日采食量下降，并显著提高了饲料转化率；说明在日粮中添加适宜配比的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉能够有助于降低饲料消耗，改善饲料转化效率；从经济效益上来看，只日耗料量降低了6.6g，每周每只可节约饲料成本0.2元，从约40周龄饲养至72周龄时每只鸡可节约饲料成本约6.4元。
实施例2、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于制备鸡饲料对蛋品质的影响：
在实验的第6周末，每个重复收集6个蛋，每组共收集30个蛋用于蛋品质测定；蛋品质测定指标包括蛋重、蛋壳性状和蛋内性状；蛋形指数用电子数显卡尺分别测量蛋的纵径和横径，再用纵径比横径为蛋形指数；蛋壳颜色用MINOLTA公司分光测色计CM-2300d分别在蛋壳锐端、中间、钝端表面测定，求平均值得，L、a和b值；蛋壳强度用ORKA公司的EFR-01蛋壳强度测试仪测定，单位为kgf；用EA-01蛋品质测试仪测蛋重、蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋黄颜色；蛋黄在分离蛋清后称重得蛋黄重，并计算蛋黄比率；蛋壳在自然干燥后称重，并用螺旋测微器测量蛋壳厚度；具体如表2所示：
表2添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料对文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代蛋品质的影响
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
由表2可知，添加不同配比辣木叶粉和桑叶粉对蛋重、蛋壳颜色、蛋壳重量、蛋壳强度、蛋黄重和蛋黄比率无显著影响，添加2.5％辣木叶粉+2.5％桑叶粉组对蛋白高度、哈氏单位和蛋形指数等均无显著影响，但能够显著提高蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色；从经济效益来看，由于改善了蛋品质，蛋黄颜色较佳，蛋壳不易破损，每个蛋可增加收益0.1元，以从40周龄至72周龄平均蛋率为65％计算每只鸡所产鸡蛋可增加经济效益约14.6元。
实施例3、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于制备鸡饲料对血液和肝脏脂质相关指标的影响：
实验第6周末，实验鸡空腹12h，每个实验组内的每个重复随机选择2只鸡，即每组10只鸡，翅静脉采血，取血后置于5ml离心管中静置后离心3000r/min，离心10min，收集血清，-80℃冰箱保存待测；并以颈动脉放血的方式屠宰，取出并分离肝脏，-80℃冰箱保存待测；血清和肝脏中均测定胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白和低密度脂蛋白；同时测定血清中葡萄糖含量；测定方法采用ELISA，试剂盒由南京建成生物工程研究所提供；具体如表3所示：
表3添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料对文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代脂质指标的影响
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
由表3可知，在日粮中添加不同配比辣木叶粉和桑叶粉后能够降低血清中甘油三酯、总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和葡萄糖，并降低肝脏中总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白指标，其中血液中甘油三酯和肝脏中胆固醇为显著下降；并随着添加量的提高呈下降趋势；说明辣木叶粉和桑叶粉在鸡饲料中的应用可改善鸡只健康状况，并提高淘汰老鸡的营养价值水平。
实施例4、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于制备鸡饲料对鸡内脏器官性能的影响：
实验第6周末，实验鸡空腹12h，每个实验组内的每个重复随机选择2只鸡，即每组10只鸡，以颈部动脉放血的方式屠宰，取出并分离心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、肾脏、腺胃、肌胃和腹脂，分别称重记录，并统计器官指数，器官指数＝器官重/体重×100％；具体如表4所示：
表4添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料对文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代内脏器官的影响
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
由表4可知，添加不同配比辣木叶粉和桑叶粉后大部分器官指数无显著差异性，心脏指数和脾脏指数在2.5％辣木叶粉+5％桑叶粉组显著下降；腹脂指数在处理组均显著降低，并随着桑叶粉的添加比例上升呈下降趋势；腹脂指数是影响鸡产蛋后期产蛋率的重要因素，高腹脂的鸡产蛋率低且易产生腹膜炎等多种疾病及亚健康状况，本实施例说明在鸡基础日粮中添加适宜配比的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉能够改善鸡只健康状况。
实施例5、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于制备鸡饲料对鸡抗氧化相关指标的影响：
对实施例4中获得的鸡肝脏利用酚-氯仿法提取总RNA，以β-actin为内参，测定基因过氧化氢酶(CAT)、核转录因子E2相关因子2(NRF2)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD2)、SOD1基因相对表达水平，引物序列见表5；将获得的RNA利用反转录试剂盒，根据程序37℃15min，85℃15s，4℃进行反转录反应获得cDNA；然后用SYBR荧光染料法对目的基因进行荧光定量PCR检测，反应体系为10μLSYBR Premix Ex Taq buffer，各0.4μL上下游引物，0.4μL ROX染料，1μL cDNA模板，灭菌蒸馏水补足至20μL；以上所用RNA提取、反转录及荧光定量试剂均由大连宝生物公司提供；反应程序为95℃30s，40个循环95℃5s,，60℃31s；结果采用2-ΔΔct方法计算基因相对表达量；
表5抗氧化相关基因及其引物序列
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
由表6结果可知，添加不同配比辣木叶粉和桑叶粉后能够显著提高肝脏中SOD2基因的表达水平；SOD2能够通过多种信号通路如FOXO3、SIRT3、STAT等降低机体的氧化应激水平；说明添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉能够改善鸡的肝脏抗氧化应激状况，提高机体的健康水平；
表6添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉鸡饲料对文昌鸡和如皋黄鸡F1代抗氧化相关基因表达水平的影响
注：上标字母不同表示组间差异显著P<0.05。
实施例6、辣木叶粉与桑叶粉应用于鸡饲料中的生产经济效益情况：
利用筛选的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的质量配比1：1，均以2.5％水平添加到鸡饲料中在江苏丹徒市3个养鸡场进行推广应用，合计推广鸡约2万只，为验证其添加效果，我们分析其生产性能，各养殖场生产性能及生产收益情况，从表7可以看出，添加适宜配比的辣木叶粉和桑叶粉能够明显降低生产成本，提高鸡蛋收益，促进经济效益的提升；
表7 2.5％辣木叶粉+2.5％桑叶粉制备鸡饲料推广应用效益分析
以上显示和描述了本发明的基本原理、主要特征及优点；但是以上所述仅为本发明的具体实施例，本发明的技术特征并不局限于此，任何本领域的技术人员在不脱离本发明的技术方案下得出的其他实施方式均应涵盖在本发明的专利范围之中。
Claims (10)
1.一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2-4％，桑叶粉2-4％，玉米60-65％，豆粕19-24％，贝壳粉6-8％，食盐0.1-1％，磷酸氢钙0.5-1.5％，石粉1-2％，沸石粉0.3-0.9％，氯化胆碱0.1-0.4％，蛋氨酸0.05-0.2％，色氨酸0.01-0.2％，多维0.01-0.1％，植酸酶0.001-0.01％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉2％，桑叶粉2％，玉米60％，豆粕19％，贝壳粉6％，食盐0.1％，磷酸氢钙0.5％，石粉1％，沸石粉0.3％，氯化胆碱0.1％，蛋氨酸0.05％，色氨酸0.01％，多维0.01％，植酸酶0.001％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉4％，桑叶粉4％，玉米65％，豆粕24％，贝壳粉8％，食盐1％，磷酸氢钙1.5％，石粉2％，沸石粉0.9％，氯化胆碱0.4％，蛋氨酸0.2％，色氨酸0.2％，多维0.1％，植酸酶0.01％。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述的鸡饲料中按原料总重量的百分含量计，其重量百分比为：辣木叶粉3％，桑叶粉3％，玉米62.5％，豆粕21％，贝壳粉7％，食盐0.6％，磷酸氢钙1％，石粉1.5％，沸石粉0.6％，氯化胆碱0.25％，蛋氨酸0.1％，色氨酸0.1％，多维0.05％，植酸酶0.005％。
5.如权利要求1-4所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉通过将辣木叶和桑叶分别经过采摘、晾干、粉碎、过筛后制成粉状物应用。
6.如权利要求1-4所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料，其特征在于，所述辣木叶粉与桑叶粉的质量比为1：1。
7.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在增加蛋壳强度和蛋黄颜色上的应用。
8.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低腹脂率上的应用。
9.如权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在降低血液中甘油三酯和肝脏中胆固醇上的应用。
10.权利要求1-4中任一项所述的一种添加辣木叶粉和桑叶粉的鸡饲料在提高肝脏抗氧性能上的应用。
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