CN113057326B - Preparation method and application of hericium erinaceus-containing composition - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of hericium erinaceus-containing composition Download PDFInfo
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- CN113057326B CN113057326B CN202110418122.2A CN202110418122A CN113057326B CN 113057326 B CN113057326 B CN 113057326B CN 202110418122 A CN202110418122 A CN 202110418122A CN 113057326 B CN113057326 B CN 113057326B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
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- A61K31/19—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid
- A61K31/195—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group
- A61K31/197—Carboxylic acids, e.g. valproic acid having an amino group the amino and the carboxyl groups being attached to the same acyclic carbon chain, e.g. gamma-aminobutyric acid [GABA], beta-alanine, epsilon-aminocaproic acid or pantothenic acid
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- A61K31/505—Pyrimidines; Hydrogenated pyrimidines, e.g. trimethoprim
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Abstract
The invention relates to a preparation method and application of a composition containing hericium erinaceus, and belongs to the field of food health products. The invention provides a preparation method of a hericium erinaceus-containing composition, which comprises the following steps: mixing Hericium erinaceus powder, needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and Tremella powder to obtain mixed edible fungus powder; curing the mixed edible fungus powder to obtain cured edible fungus powder; mixing the cured edible fungus powder with glutamine and vitamin B 2 Mixing the composite prebiotics and auxiliary materials to obtain the composition containing the hericium erinaceus. The hericium erinaceus-containing composition prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in protein content, rich in nutrition, capable of controlling weight after being eaten for a long time, capable of protecting and improving gastric mucosa and intestinal health, and safe and effective in combination of dietetic and nutritional.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of food health products, and particularly relates to a preparation method and application of a composition containing hericium erinaceus.
Background
The stomach is an organ in the human body that plays a digestive role, and the nutrients required for the vital activities of the human body are mainly absorbed through the stomach and intestines. The gastric mucosa is used as a layer of mucosa with special protection effect on stomach, and the dynamic balance between the defending factors and the attacking factors protects the normal operation of stomach. When the stomach is overstimulated or overloaded, the dynamic balance is broken. The gastric acid produced gradually damages the gastric wall, causing the mucous membrane to be damaged. Once the gastric mucosa is damaged, it is difficult to recover. Gastric mucosal lesions are typical features of gastric diseases, mainly including chronic gastritis, gastric ulcers, gastric cancer, etc. The disease has long course and high recurrence rate, and the secondary gastric bleeding and gastric perforation caused by gastric ulcer bring great pain to patients. Clinical statistical data studies indicate that: gastric ulcers have a great propensity to develop cancer, most likely being a stage of precancerous lesions.
Along with the acceleration of the life rhythm of the modern society, people bear more and more pressure on society, psychology and work, and the incidence rate of gastric mucosa diseases is correspondingly increased. And a fast-paced life style, intense work and study, excessive drinking and the like are common causes of gastric mucosal damage. As a worldwide disease, the incidence is high in both developed and developing countries. According to epidemiology statistics, the incidence rate of chronic gastritis reaches 80-90%, and the incidence rate of peptic ulcer accounts for 10-20% of population. Stomach diseases become common diseases in daily life, and are difficult to cure fundamentally. Injury factors such as alcohol, coffee, excessive drinking and the like attack gastric mucosa every day, and cause a series of gastrointestinal diseases.
The treatment of gastric ulcer diseases in the market at present mainly adopts a mode of combining chemical medicaments or Chinese medicaments and western medicaments, but the use is limited due to the reduction of patient compliance caused by curative effect factors or accompanying adverse reactions. Based on this, it is an important and urgent task to find functional food factors or pharmaceutical ingredients that inhibit gastric mucosal lesions with high efficiency and low side effects. Hericium erinaceus is a traditional dual-purpose fungus for both medicine and food, has small toxic and side effects, and is widely used. According to the outline of materia medica, hericium erinaceus has a flat nature and sweet taste, has the efficacy of benefiting five viscera and aiding digestion, and is used for conditioning gastrointestinal problems for a long time. However, the development of the hericium erinaceus stomach nourishing product at present mainly takes hericium erinaceus extract or hericium erinaceus polysaccharide as a main component, and the effective acting dosage and safety of the hericium erinaceus composite powder, especially the cured hericium erinaceus composite powder, on gastric mucosal ulcers of rats are not reported.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a preparation method and application of a hericium erinaceus-containing composition, and the hericium erinaceus-containing composition prepared by the preparation method is high in protein content, rich in nutrition, capable of controlling weight after long-term eating, capable of protecting and improving gastric mucosa and intestinal health, and capable of combining dietetic therapy and health protection.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
the invention provides a preparation method of a hericium erinaceus-containing composition, which comprises the following steps:
mixing Hericium erinaceus powder, needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and Tremella powder to obtain mixed edible fungus powder;
curing the mixed edible fungus powder to obtain cured edible fungus powder;
mixing the cured edible fungus powder with glutamine and vitamin B 2 Mixing the composite prebiotics and auxiliary materials to obtain the composition containing the hericium erinaceus.
Preferably, the preparation of the hericium erinaceus powder, the flammulina velutipes powder, the morchella powder and the tremella powder comprises the steps of cleaning, drying and crushing respectively.
Preferably, the temperature of the drying is 40-50 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 hours; the crushed grain size is 40-200 meshes.
Preferably, the curing temperature is 60-160 ℃, and the curing time is 1-5 h.
Preferably, the composition containing the hericium erinaceus comprises 50-70% of hericium erinaceus powder, 1-10% of flammulina velutipes powder, 1-5% of Morchella esculenta powder, 1-5% of tremella powder, 1-10% of glutamine and vitamin B 2 0.01 to 0.05 percent, 4 to 7 percent of composite prebiotics and 10 to 20 percent of auxiliary materials.
Preferably, the compound prebiotic comprises one or more of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide.
Preferably, when the compound prebiotic is a mixture of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide, the mass ratio of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide is 2:2:1.
Preferably, the auxiliary material comprises one or two of resistant dextrin and maltodextrin.
The invention also provides application of the composition prepared by the preparation method in preparing stomach-nourishing food.
The invention also provides application of the composition prepared by the preparation method in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating gastric ulcer.
Preferably, the gastric ulcer is an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer.
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a hericium erinaceus-containing composition, and the hericium erinaceus-containing composition prepared by the preparation method is high in protein content, rich in nutrition, capable of protecting and improving gastric mucosa health, capable of controlling weight after long-term eating, and capable of combining dietetic and nutritional functions, and safe and effective. In addition, the added various nutrient reinforcing substances can prevent constipation, improve immunity and reduce cholesterol, and have wide market prospect. The test result shows that the cured hericium erinaceus composition provided by the invention can effectively relieve alcoholic gastric mucosal injury of rats at various concentrations, has an effect superior to that of single hericium erinaceus powder, can control the weight of rats, does not cause injury to livers and kidneys, and is safe and nontoxic.
Drawings
FIG. 1-1 is a standard curve for polysaccharide content measurement according to the present invention;
FIGS. 1-2 are mixed-label ion chromatograms of soluble sugars and sugar alcohols of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a macroscopic morphology observation of the gastric mucosa of rats of each test group according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 shows the results of HE staining of gastric mucosa of rats in each of the test groups according to the invention;
FIG. 4 shows the macro morphology observation results of the liver of rats in each test group according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 shows the macroscopic morphology observations of rat kidneys of each test group according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 shows HE staining results of livers of rats in each of the test groups according to the invention;
FIG. 7 shows the HE staining results of the kidneys of rats in each test group according to the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a preparation method and application of a composition containing hericium erinaceus. The hericium erinaceus-containing composition prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is high in protein content, rich in nutrition, safe and effective, and can protect and improve the health of gastric mucosa and combine dietetic therapy.
The invention provides a preparation method of a hericium erinaceus-containing composition, which comprises the following steps:
mixing Hericium erinaceus powder, needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and Tremella powder to obtain mixed edible fungus powder;
curing the mixed edible fungus powder to obtain cured edible fungus powder;
mixing the cured edible fungus powder with glutamine and vitamin B 2 Mixing the composite prebiotics and auxiliary materials to obtain the composition containing the hericium erinaceus.
The sources of the above components are not particularly limited, and may be employed as known to those skilled in the art, unless otherwise specified.
According to the invention, the hericium erinaceus powder, the flammulina velutipes powder, the morchella powder and the tremella powder are mixed to obtain the mixed edible fungus powder. The invention has no special requirement on the mixing mode, and adopts the conventional mixing mode in the field. Through mixing, the prepared mixed edible fungus powder is more uniform, and all raw materials can play a role. In the invention, the hericium erinaceus has the advantages of being flat in powder property and sweet in taste, has the effects of benefiting five viscera and helping digestion, and can promote regeneration and repair of gastric mucosa epithelium and healing of peptic ulcer; the flammulina velutipes powder promotes gastrointestinal peristalsis, resists erosion of gastric acid and plays a role in protecting intestines and stomach; the tremella powder has good film forming property, is gastric acid resistant, and the active ingredients form a protective film on the stomach wall, so that the gastric acid food can be prevented from stimulating the stomach wall; the Morchella esculenta has sweet taste and mild nature, can increase secretion of gastric mucus, improve the antioxidant capacity of organisms, and has the functions of harmonizing stomach, promoting digestion, reducing phlegm and regulating qi. The various bacterial powders act together to enhance the protection effect on gastric mucosa.
In the present invention, the preparation of the hericium erinaceus powder, the flammulina velutipes powder, the morchella powder and the tremella powder preferably independently comprises washing, drying and crushing. In the invention, the temperature of the drying is preferably 40-50 ℃, and the drying time is preferably 3-5 h; the particle diameter of the pulverization is preferably 40 to 200 mesh, more preferably 80 to 150 mesh, most preferably 100 mesh; the pulverizing time is preferably 5 to 30min, and most preferably 15min. According to the invention, the hericium erinaceus, the flammulina velutipes, the morchella and the tremella are crushed into the particle size after being crushed for a specific time, so that the nutrition components are fully released, and the higher polysaccharide yield in the subsequent curing process can be ensured.
In the invention, the hericium erinaceus powder, the flammulina velutipes powder, the morchella powder and the tremella powder can be prepared separately or together.
After the mixed edible fungus powder is obtained, the mixed edible fungus powder is cured to obtain cured edible fungus powder. In the present invention, the curing temperature is 60 to 160 ℃, preferably 80 to 140 ℃, and most preferably 80 ℃; the curing time is 1 to 5 hours, preferably 2 to 4 hours, most preferably 2 hours. The invention adopts a specific curing mode to reduce the gastrointestinal tract discomfort caused by raw food.
The invention uses the cured edible fungus powder, glutamine and vitamin B 2 Mixing the composite prebiotics and auxiliary materials to obtain the composition containing the hericium erinaceus. The invention has no special requirement on the mixing mode, and adopts the conventional mixing mode in the field. Through mixing, the prepared mixed edible fungus powder is more uniform, and all raw materials can play a role. In the invention, the composite prebiotic preferably comprises one or more of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide, preferably comprises inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide is preferably 2:2:1. In the invention, the glutamine can inhibit inflammatory cytokine secretion, reduce inflammatory injury and strengthen the antioxidant freedom of gastric mucosaBasal injury, inhibition of apoptosis; the inulin can regulate intestinal microbial flora, improve intestinal health, and prevent constipation; the stachyose and the xylooligosaccharide can promote beneficial bacteria to form dominant bacteria in the digestive tract, inhibit the production of putrefying bacteria, regulate the pH value of intestinal tracts and inhibit the generation and absorption of endogenous cancerogenic substances; the composite prebiotics composed of inulin, stachyose and xylooligosaccharide in the mass ratio can improve the health of gastric mucosa and regulate intestinal flora; the auxiliary material is helpful for molding the mixture. The components cooperate to promote the protection and repair of gastric mucosa and improve the health of gastrointestinal tracts.
In the preparation of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition, the relative amounts of the raw materials are preferably configured according to a target formula. In the present invention, the preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 50-70% by weight of hericium erinaceus powder, preferably 60-69% by weight of hericium erinaceus powder, and more preferably 65-68% by weight of hericium erinaceus powder.
The hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprises 1-10% of flammulina velutipes powder, preferably 1.5-5% and most preferably 2% by weight.
The preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 1-5% of Morchella esculenta powder, preferably 1.5-3% of Morchella esculenta powder and most preferably 2% of Morchella esculenta powder.
The preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 1-5% of tremella powder, preferably 1.5-3% of tremella powder and most preferably 2% of tremella powder.
The preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 1-10% of glutamine, preferably 5-10% and most preferably 6% by weight;
the preparation raw materials of the composition containing the hericium erinaceus preferably comprise vitamin B in percentage by weight 2 0.01 to 0.05%, preferably 0.02 to 0.03%;
the preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 4-7% of composite prebiotics, preferably 5% of composite prebiotics.
The preparation raw materials of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition preferably comprise 10-20% of auxiliary materials, preferably 12-18% of auxiliary materials and most preferably 14% of auxiliary materials in percentage by weight. In the present invention, the auxiliary material preferably includes one or both of resistant dextrin and maltodextrin.
The invention further comprises sterilization after the composition containing the hericium erinaceus is obtained. The invention has no special requirement on the sterilization mode, adopts the conventional sterilization mode in the field, and is preferably irradiation sterilization.
The invention also provides application of the composition prepared by the preparation method in preparing stomach-nourishing food. In the invention, the composition is guided by the concept of homology of medicine and food, preferably, hericium erinaceus serving as a stomach nourishing raw material is adopted as a main raw material, tremella, morchella, flammulina velutipes, nutrition-enhanced food additives and auxiliary materials which also have the stomach nourishing function are matched, the various fungus powder raw materials are cured to have better mouthfeel, discomfort to intestines and stomach is avoided, active ingredients are fully released, and the composition is synergistic with other ingredients to protect/improve the health of gastric mucosa, so that the stomach nourishing effect is more remarkable.
The invention also provides application of the composition prepared by the preparation method in preparing a medicament for preventing and treating gastric ulcer. Preferably, the dosage form of the medicament is a tablet.
In the present invention, the gastric ulcer is preferably an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer.
The preparation method and application of the hericium erinaceus-containing composition according to the present invention are described in further detail below with reference to specific examples, and the technical scheme of the present invention includes, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
Pouring fresh and non-rotten hericium erinaceus into a cleaning machine, adding water, cleaning the hericium erinaceus for 30min, baking the hericium erinaceus for 4h at 45 ℃ in an oven after cleaning, drying, crushing the hericium erinaceus by a crusher, and sieving the hericium erinaceus powder by a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the hericium erinaceus powder.
Needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and tremella powder were prepared according to the same method as above.
The material is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 68% of hericium erinaceus powder, 2% of morchella powder, 2% of tremella powder, 2% of flammulina velutipes powder, 6% of glutamine, 2% of inulin, 2% of stachyose, 1% of xylooligosaccharide and vitamin B 2 0.01% and 14% of maltodextrin.
Mixing Hericium erinaceus powder, needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and Tremella powder to obtain mixed edible fungus powder;
curing the mixed edible fungus powder (the temperature is 80 ℃ and the time is 2 hours) to obtain cured mixed edible fungus powder;
mixing the obtained cooked mixed edible fungus powder with glutamine, inulin, stachyose, xylooligosaccharide, and vitamin B 2 Mixing with maltodextrin to obtain compound Hericium erinaceus powder.
Example 2
A matured mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the temperature during the maturing process was 100 ℃.
Example 3
A matured mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the temperature during the maturing process was 120 ℃.
Example 4
A matured mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the maturing process temperature was 140 ℃.
Example 5
A matured mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the temperature during the maturing process was 160 ℃.
Comparative example 1
Mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1 except that curing was not performed, to obtain an unvulcanized mixed edible fungus powder.
Comparative example 2
Cured mixed edible fungus powder was prepared in the same manner as in example 1, except that the mixed fungus powder contained only hericium erinaceus powder. Namely unilateral hericium erinaceus powder.
The crude polysaccharide content, the total protein content, the soluble sugar content and the sugar alcohol content of the mixed edible fungus powder prepared in examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 were tested, and the test results are shown in tables 1 and 2. The test method comprises the following steps:
1. determination of polysaccharide content:
and determining the polysaccharide content in the cured mixed edible fungus powder by referring to the national agricultural industry standard NYT 1676-2008 'determination of crude polysaccharide content in edible fungus'. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Extraction of samples
0.5-1.0 g of sample is weighed to be accurate to 0.001g and placed in a 50mL centrifuge tube with a plug. Soaking the sample with 5mL of water, slowly adding 20mL of absolute ethyl alcohol, simultaneously shaking by a vortex oscillator, uniformly mixing, and performing ultrasonic extraction in an ultrasonic extractor for 30min. After the extraction was completed, the mixture was centrifuged at 4000r/min for 10min, and the supernatant was discarded. The insoluble material was washed with 10mL of 80% ethanol solution and centrifuged. The insoluble material was transferred into a round bottom flask with water, 50mL of distilled water was added, an air condenser was fitted with a mill, and extracted in a boiling water bath for 2h. Cooling to room temperature, filtering, transferring the supernatant to a 100mL volumetric flask, washing residues for 2-3 times, transferring the washing solution to the volumetric flask, adding water to fix the volume, and taking the solution as a sample measuring solution.
(2) Standard curve
Respectively sucking 0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0mL of standard glucose solution, placing into a 20mL glass test tube with a plug, supplementing 1mL with distilled water, adding 1mL of 5wt.% phenol solution, mixing uniformly, rapidly adding 5mL of sulfuric acid, standing for 10min, fully mixing the reaction solution by using a vortex oscillator, placing the test tube into a water bath at 30 ℃ for reaction for 20min, measuring absorbance at 490nm, and making a standard curve by taking the mass concentration of glucan or glucose as an abscissa and the absorbance as an ordinate, wherein the result is shown in the graph of FIG. 1-1.
(3) Measurement
Sucking 1mL of sample measuring solution into a 20mL test tube with a plug, adding 1mL of 5wt.% phenol solution, mixing uniformly, quickly adding 5mL of sulfuric acid, standing for 10min, fully mixing the reaction solution by using a vortex oscillator, and then placing the test tube into a water bath at 30 ℃ for reaction for 20min, and measuring absorbance at 490 nm.
(4) Result calculation
The polysaccharide content in the sample is expressed in terms of mass fraction ω in grams per hundred grams (g/100 g) and is calculated according to the following formula:
m 1 : the sugar content in μg of the sample measurement solution is checked from the standard curve
V 1 Sample constant volume, unit mL
V 2 : volume of sample measurement solution moved during colorimetric measurement, unit mL
m 2 : sample mass, unit g
0.9: correction factor for conversion of glucose into dextran
The decimal point retains two significant digits.
(5) Precision of
The absolute difference between the two parallel measurement results obtained under the condition of the repeatability measurement is not more than 10% of the arithmetic average value, provided that it is not more than 5% of the arithmetic average value of the two measurement values.
2. Determination of crude protein and soluble protein content
The total protein of the Kjeldahl nitrogen determination method of GBT 15673-2009 'determination of crude protein content in edible fungi' is adopted as the crude protein content; the BCA kit method (100T/96S in the trace method) was used to determine the soluble protein content in the raw materials.
The BCA kit method steps are as follows:
preparing a solution: the BCA protein kit is used in this assay, so the solution need not be prepared separately, but only the solution of the kit need be formulated to the desired concentration prior to use. The BCA working solution (WR) was prepared by mixing 50 parts of reagent a plus 1 part of reagent B in the BCA protein kit, and after capping, was thoroughly mixed.
Extraction of soluble proteins in a sample
About 0.1g of the sample was weighed, 10mL of distilled water was added, homogenized in an ice bath, centrifuged at 10000rpm at 4℃for 10min, and the supernatant was taken as the test solution.
The operation steps are as follows:
(1) The enzyme-labeled instrument is preheated for 30min, the wavelength is regulated to 562nm, and the distilled water is zeroed.
(2) The working solution is placed in a water bath at 60 ℃ for preheating for 30min.
| Blank pipe | Standard tube | Measuring tube | |
| Distilled water (mu L) | 4 | - | - |
| Standard substance (mu L) | - | 4 | - |
| Liquid to be measured (mu L) | - | - | 4 |
| Working fluid (mu L) | 200 | 200 | 200 |
Mixing, incubating at 60deg.C for 30min, measuring absorbance A at 562nm in 96-well plate, and respectively marking as blank tube A, standard tube A, and measuring tube A
The calculation formula is as follows:
3. determination of soluble sugar and sugar alcohol content
(1) Sample preparation: 100mg of sample is precisely weighed, 50mL of distilled water is added, then the sample is subjected to ultrasonic treatment for 30min to be used as extraction treatment, the sample is centrifuged for 15min at 12000 Xg, the supernatant is subjected to dilution with a certain concentration after centrifugation, and the supernatant is subjected to ion chromatograph test on a 0.22 mu m mixed fiber ester (MCE) microporous filter membrane. The method comprises the steps of taking erythritol, fucose, arabitol, trehalose, mannitol, mannose, glucose, galactose and fructose as mixed labels, and measuring the content of soluble sugar and sugar alcohol in a sample by using ion chromatograms of the mixed labels as shown in figures 1-2.
(2) Ion chromatography measurement conditions: chromeleon 6.0 software was used. CarboPac MA1 anion exchange column (4 mm. Times.250 mm), mobile phase 480mmol/LNaOH, flow rate 0.40mL/min, loading 25. Mu.L, column temperature 30 ℃.
(4) Sample measurement: the sample solution of the filtration membrane was diluted 200 times and measured by an ion chromatograph under the above-mentioned chromatographic conditions.
Examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 the contents of the edible fungus powder polysaccharide, the total protein and the soluble protein are shown in table 1. As can be seen from Table 1, the polysaccharide content of the mixed edible fungus powder which is not cooked and is cured at different curing temperatures is 7.08-9.51%, the polysaccharide content is highest at 80 ℃ below 140 ℃, and the polysaccharide content reaches 9.51% at 160 ℃; the total protein content of the bacterial powder has no obvious difference at different curing temperatures, but the content of the soluble protein shows gradually decreasing trend, and the content of the soluble protein is highest at 80 ℃.
Table 1 examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 contents of edible fungus powder polysaccharide, total protein and soluble protein
Note that: letter a, b, c, d represents the level of significance at P <0.05, respectively.
The amounts of soluble sugar and sugar alcohol in the edible fungus powder mixture of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1 are shown in Table 2. As can be seen from Table 2, the edible fungi powder mixture which is not cooked and cooked at different cooking temperatures mainly contains arabitol, trehalose, mannitol, glucose and other monosaccharides and sugar alcohols, and especially the arabitol content is the highest, and is more than 80% of the total amount of the soluble sugar and sugar alcohol, and the total amount of the soluble sugar and sugar alcohol gradually decreases with the increase of the cooking temperature.
Table 2 soluble sugar and sugar alcohol content (mg/g) in edible fungus powder mixture of examples 1 to 5 and comparative example 1
Note that: letter a, b, c, d, e represents the level of significance at P <0.05, respectively.
Example 6
The effectiveness and safety of the compound Hericium erinaceus powder of example 1 and the unilateral Hericium erinaceus powder of comparative example 2 were evaluated using an ethanol-induced acute gastric injury model of rats.
1. Weight recording
48 SPF-grade male rats weighing 180-220g are selected and randomly divided into 8 groups of 6 rats. Wherein, 1 group is used as normal control group to irrigate the same volume of distilled water as the model group, 6 test groups are irrigated with single Hericium erinaceus powder and compound Hericium erinaceus powder with low, medium and high doses in example 2 respectively, and the gastric lavage amounts of the low, medium and high dose groups are 0.5, 1 and 2g/kg respectively. Animals were dosed 1 time per day by gavage for 15 consecutive days. During the test, rats were free to eat and feed water, the diet being commercial rat feed. Rats were fasted for 24 hours prior to the last dose, were free to drink water, and after the last dose, 7 groups of animals were perfused with 1 mL/of absolute ethanol, except for the control group, while water was disabled. Body weight was recorded and the results are shown in table 3. As can be seen from Table 3, the compound Hericium erinaceus powder with three concentrations can control weight gain of rats, and the single Hericium erinaceus powder with high concentration can also effectively control weight gain of rats.
Table 3 rat body weight of each test group
Note that: letters a, b, c represent significance levels at P <0.05, respectively.
2. Morphological observation of gastric mucosa
After weighing for 1h, animals were sacrificed, whole stomach was taken out, stomach wall was cut off along the stomach, washed out with normal saline, photographed between two glass plates, and the ulcer area was measured with image J image analysis software. The gastric tissue is fixed in formaldehyde solution, stained, observed under a microscope, and observed for gastric mucosa cell shedding, bleeding edema, inflammatory cell infiltration and the like. Gastric ulcer inhibition was calculated according to the following formula:
inhibition (%) = (model control ulcer area-dosing ulcer area)/model control ulcer area×100
The gastric mucosa is shown in figure 2 (A is a control group, B is a model group, C-E are respectively single low-medium-high concentration groups, F-H are respectively compound low-medium-high concentration groups), the normal control group has gastric mucosa tissue with pale red color, smooth mucosa surface, no pathological change strip, no necrosis or hemorrhage. The gastric mucosal tissue of the model group showed a deep red color, and the mucosa of the model group showed severe congestion and multiple local hemorrhagic necrosis compared with the normal control group. Compared with a model group, the pretreatment of single and compound hericium erinaceus at various concentrations relieves the damage of acute ethanol to the gastric mucosa of rats to different degrees, and especially the damage of compound hericium erinaceus powder to the gastric mucosa at medium concentration is obviously improved, so that gastric ulcer can be effectively prevented and treated.
The inhibition rate of the single and compound hericium erinaceus powder on gastric ulcer is shown in table 4. Compared with a model group, the concentrations of the single and compound hericium erinaceus powder can reduce gastric mucosal injury to different degrees, the inhibition rate of the single hericium erinaceus powder can reach more than 30% under medium and high concentration dosages, and a better dosage relationship exists; the compound Hericium erinaceus powder has an ulcer inhibition rate of 52.50% at medium concentration, and is superior to that of single Hericium erinaceus powder at high concentration, and the high concentration compound Hericium erinaceus powder has an ulcer inhibition rate higher than that of single Hericium erinaceus powder at high concentration, but has no significant difference.
TABLE 4 inhibition of ethanol-induced gastric mucosal injury by different formulations
Note that: letter a, b, c, d represents the level of significance at P <0.05, respectively.
3. Pathological observation of gastric mucosa
Different tissues obtained by morphological observation of gastric mucosa are soaked and fixed by formalin solution, the fixed gastric tissues are subjected to conventional dehydration, paraffin embedding and HE staining and tabletting, then the gastric mucosa tissues are placed under an optical microscope to observe conditions of cell shedding, congestion, inflammation and the like of gastric mucosa layers, and tested animals are classified according to the standard of gastric mucosa pathological symptoms from light to high (0-3), and corresponding scores are given. The statistics of each group of tested animals were performed according to the necrotic shedding, edema, congestion and inflammation conditions of the gastric mucosa layer cells, and the results of the group-to-group comparison were shown in fig. 2 and 3.
The results of HE staining of gastric mucosal tissue FIG. 3 shows that (A is a control group, B is a model group, C-E are single low, medium and high concentration groups, and F-H are compound low, medium and high concentration groups, respectively) the normal control group has an intact mucosal tissue structure, no shedding necrosis of epithelial cells, and no obvious inflammatory cell infiltration. The gland structure of the mucosa tissue of the model group is disordered, the epithelial cells are seriously shed, a plurality of necrotic foci can be seen, the model group is accompanied with extensive blood cell infiltration, and inflammatory cell infiltration is obvious. After pretreatment of single and compound hericium erinaceus powder, the symptoms are relieved to different degrees, and the effects of protecting gastric mucosal epithelium from ethanol damage and preventing ulcers are achieved. It is notable that the concentration of compound Hericium erinaceus powder and the concentration of single Hericium erinaceus powder are basically smooth, and no obvious glandular structure disorder, mucosal congestion and inflammatory cell infiltration are observed.
The histopathological scoring results table 5 also illustrates the good protection effect of the concentration in the compound hericium erinaceus powder and the concentration in the single hericium erinaceus powder on the gastric mucosa. The result of the histopathological section scoring also shows that the pathological scoring is the lowest when the concentration of the compound hericium erinaceus powder is the lowest, especially the inflammation scoring symptom scoring, which indicates that the compound hericium erinaceus powder can play a role in protecting gastric mucosa by reducing inflammatory reaction.
TABLE 5 histopathological diagnostic score
Note that: letter a, b, c, d represents the level of significance at P <0.05, respectively.
4. Morphology and pathology observations of liver and kidney
The mice livers and kidneys were treated and observed morphologically and in case sections according to the treatment methods described above for gastric morphology and HE staining. Treatment groups only high concentration dose groups were selected for case slice observation.
The liver and kidney morphology results are shown in fig. 4 (a is a control group, B is a model group, C to E are single low, medium and high concentration groups, F to H are single low, medium and high concentration groups, respectively) and fig. 5 (a is a control group, B is a model group, C to E are single low, medium and high concentration groups, F to H are single low, medium and high concentration groups, respectively), respectively, and the liver and kidney pathology results are shown in fig. 6 (a is a control group, B is a model group, C is single high concentration group, D is a single high concentration group), and fig. 7 (a is a control group, B is a model group, C is single high concentration group, and D is a single high concentration group, respectively). All test groups have normal liver cell morphology and size, ordered hepatic chordae arrangement, normal liver blood sinus size and no abnormality; the kidney is normal in morphology and size, glomeruli, kidney small sacs and capillary loops exist in gaps, renal tubular epithelial cells are orderly arranged, cytoplasm is red-stained, and particles and vacuoles are not found. The interstitial light staining is uniform, no inflammatory cell infiltrates, which indicates that the single gastric lavage Hericium erinaceus powder and the compound Hericium erinaceus powder do not damage the liver and kidney of the rat.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and it should be noted that modifications and adaptations to those skilled in the art may be made without departing from the principles of the present invention, which are intended to be comprehended within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a composition containing hericium erinaceus is characterized by comprising the following steps:
mixing Hericium erinaceus powder, needle mushroom powder, morchella powder and Tremella powder to obtain mixed edible fungus powder;
curing the mixed edible fungus powder to obtain cured edible fungus powder;
mixing the cured edible fungus powder with glutamine and vitamin B 2 Mixing the composite prebiotics and auxiliary materials to obtain the composition containing the hericium erinaceus;
the preparation of the hericium erinaceus powder, the flammulina velutipes powder, the morchella powder and the tremella powder comprises the steps of cleaning, drying and crushing respectively;
the temperature of the drying is 40-50 ℃, and the drying time is 3-5 hours; the crushed grain size is 80-150 meshes;
the preparation raw materials comprise 50 to 70 percent of hericium erinaceus powder, 1 to 10 percent of flammulina velutipes powder, 1 to 5 percent of Morchella powder, 1 to 5 percent of tremella powder, 1 to 10 percent of glutamine and vitamin B 2 0.01 to 0.05 percent, 4 to 7 percent of composite prebiotics and 10 to 20 percent of auxiliary materials;
the compound prebiotics are a mixture of inulin, stachyose and xylo-oligosaccharide, and the mass ratio of the inulin to the stachyose to the xylo-oligosaccharide is 2:2:1;
the curing temperature is 80 ℃ and the curing time is 2-4 h.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the adjuvant comprises one or both of resistant dextrin and maltodextrin.
3. Use of a composition prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 2 in the preparation of a stomach-nourishing food.
4. Use of a composition prepared by the preparation method of any one of claims 1-2 in the preparation of a medicament for preventing and treating gastric ulcers.
5. The use according to claim 4, wherein the gastric ulcer is an alcohol-induced gastric ulcer.
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