CN113053561B - 一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及制备方法 - Google Patents
一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及其制备方法,其特征在于本发明低温浆料包括:镀银铜粉、银粉、环氧树脂单体、溶剂和引发剂。镀银铜粉的重量百分比为40‑85%,银粉的重量百分比为8‑45%,环氧树脂单体的重量百分比3‑10%,引发剂的重量百分比0.01‑3%,溶剂的重量百分比为2‑8%。其有益效果是:创新性地使用镀银铜粉替代银粉作为导电粒子制备异质结太阳能电池,大大地降低了异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的制造成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子基导电材料领域,特别涉及一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及其制备方法。
背景技术
太阳能发电技术经过近几年的发展已经大幅度地提高了其光电转换效率。Perc单晶太阳能电池的转换效率已经达到22~23%,但是Perc太阳能电池由于其自身结构限制已经很难再进一步提升光电转换效率了。异质结太阳能电池作为一种新型高效太阳能电池结构正在日益受到产业关注,被认为是替代Perc太阳能电池的下一代技术。但是异质结太阳能电池也面临着初期设备投资额巨大,靶材和浆料成本高等问题。因此降低异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的成本成为业界急需解决的一个问题。
目前国内关于异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的研发基本处于起步阶段。专利申请号 201811010425 .5,公布日期为2018年8月31日的发明专利中提供了一种将片状银粉和球状银粉搭配使用制备异质结高效太阳能电池低温浆料的方法。该发明使用纯银粉作为导电粒子可以达到很好的导电特性,但是浆料成本较高。因此使用镀银铜粉替代部分纯银粉来降低异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料成本,有利于异质结太阳能电池用浆料的推广和使用。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及其制备方法。本发明的以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料是基于经过表面处理的镀银铜粉、环氧树脂单体、银粉、引发剂和溶剂等组合制备具有良好导电特性的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料。
本发明提供的一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料及其制备方法,包括以下技术方案:
一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,包含镀银铜粉,环氧树脂单体,银粉,引发剂和溶剂。其中镀银铜粉的重量百分比为40-85%,球状银粉的重量百分比为8-45%,环氧树脂单体的重量百分比3-10%,引发剂的重量百分比0.01-3%,溶剂的重量百分比为2-8%。
镀银铜粉的制备方法是将铜粉分散在调整好PH值的硝酸银溶液中然后在合适的温度下缓慢加入水合肼将银还原出来,还原出来的银均匀地包覆在铜粉表面。受制于铜粉的制备技术,目前市售只有微米级以上的铜粉,因此镀银铜粉只能替代低温浆料中片状银粉,暂时无法替代亚微米级的球状银粉。
本发明中所用镀银铜粉为片状镀银铜粉,平均粒径2~8um,镀银层厚度0.1~0.3um,振实密度3.5~6克/立方厘米,使用脂肪酸类表面处理剂进行表面包覆处理。
本发明中所用环氧树脂单体包括双酚F型环氧树脂、脂环族环氧树脂和缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂中的一种或任意两种的混合物。
本发明中所用球状银粉平均粒径0.5~2um,振实密度3.0~5.5克/立方厘米。
本发明中所用引发剂为硼酸盐类阳离子盐,包括三乙醇胺硼酸盐,四苯基硼酸盐和三异丙醇胺硼酸盐中的一种或任意两种的混合物。
本发明中所用溶剂包括松油醇、二乙二醇单丁基醚、二乙二醇-丁醚乙酸酯、碳酸烯丙酯和柠檬酸三丁酯中的一种或几种。
本发明的实施包括以下技术效果:
本发明提供的以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料创新性地使用镀银铜粉替代了片状纯银粉,在保障导电性不受影响的前提下大幅度地降低了低温浆料的制造成本。本专利申请人经过大量的试验对镀银铜粉的粒径和表面处理工艺进行了选择和优化,使得异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料可以在使用镀银铜粉的情况下任然保持很低的体积电阻率和接触电阻,从而大幅度降低异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的使用成本。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备的低温浆料固化后的扫描电镜照片。
具体实施方式
下面将结合实施例对本发明加以详细说明,需要指出的是,所描述的实施例仅旨在便于对本发明的理解,而对其不起任何限定作用。
本实施例提供的一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,包括镀银铜粉,环氧树脂单体,球状银粉,引发剂和溶剂。具体的加工工艺为先将准确称量的溶剂和引发剂在强力搅拌的情况下充分混合,再将混合物与环氧树脂单体在0~30℃下经双行星搅拌均匀,然后再加入球状银粉和片状镀银铜粉搅拌均匀,然后在三辊分散机上分散三次既得到以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料。下述以多个实施例对上述的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的制备方法进行描述。
实施例1
本实施例的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的制备方法为精确称量10克三乙醇胺硼酸盐和100克碳酸烯丙酯并充分混合,再将混合物与150克双酚F型环氧树脂单体在0~30℃下经双行星搅拌均匀,在搅拌的条件下继续添加1500克镀银铜粉和500克球状银粉。其中球状银粉平均粒径0.8um,松装密度4.2克/立方厘米,片状镀银铜粉平均粒径6um,松装密度4.8克/立方厘米。在室温下搅拌30分钟以确保金属粉的均匀分散,然后在三辊分散机上分散三次后得到以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,具体特性如下:
粘度(Pa.s) | 密度(克/立方厘米) | 体积电阻率(Ω.cm) |
145 | 5.8 | 5.1×10<sup>-6</sup> |
实施例2
本实施例的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的制备方法为精确称量50克四苯基硼酸盐和600克二乙二醇单丁基醚并充分混合,再将混合物与800克脂肪族环氧树脂单体在25℃下经双行星搅拌均匀,在搅拌的条件下继续添加10公斤镀银铜粉和8公斤球状银粉。其中球状银粉平均粒径0.8um,松装密度4.8克/立方厘米,片状镀银铜粉平均粒径4um,松装密度4.5克/立方厘米。在室温下搅拌30分钟以确保金属粉的均匀分散,然后在三辊分散机上分散三次后得到以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,具体特性如下:
粘度(Pa.s) | 密度(克/立方厘米) | 体积电阻率(Ω.cm) |
227 | 6.1 | 4.8×10<sup>-6</sup> |
实施例3
本实施例的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料的制备方法为精确称量20克二乙二醇单丁基醚和250克松油醇并充分混合,再将混合物与280克缩水甘油酯型环氧树脂单体在0~30℃下经双行星搅拌均匀,在搅拌的条件下继续添加2000克镀银铜粉和1500克球状银粉。其中球状银粉平均粒径0.6um,松装密度5.2克/立方厘米,片状镀银铜粉平均粒径8um,松装密度4.3克/立方厘米。在室温下搅拌30分钟以确保金属粉的均匀分散,然后在三辊分散机上分散三次后得到以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,具体特性如下:
粘度(Pa.s) | 密度(克/立方厘米) | 体积电阻率(Ω.cm) |
118 | 6.1 | 4.7×10<sup>-6</sup> |
以上三个实施例所制备的低温浆料具有良好的印刷性,使用这些浆料印刷的异质结太阳能电池片功率如下:
Isc(A) | Voc(V) | Pmax(W) | FF | ETA(%) | |
实施例1 | 10.08 | 0.75 | 5.92 | 78.3 | 23.7 |
实施例2 | 10.12 | 0.76 | 6.01 | 78.2 | 24.1 |
实施例3 | 10.03 | 0.75 | 5.89 | 78.3 | 23.6 |
最后应当说明的是,以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对本发明保护范围的限制,尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明作了详细地说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解,可以对本发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换,而不脱离本发明技术方案的实质和范围。
Claims (1)
1.一种以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料,包括镀银铜粉、球状银粉、环氧树脂单体、溶剂和引发剂,其特征在于:所述镀银铜粉为片状镀银铜粉,平均粒径6μm,镀银层厚度0.1~0.3μm,松装密度4.8克/立方厘米,使用脂肪酸类表面处理剂进行表面包覆处理;所述球状银粉平均粒径为0.8μm,松装密度4.2克/立方厘米;所述引发剂为三乙醇胺硼酸盐;所述环氧树脂单体为双酚F型环氧树脂;所述溶剂为碳酸丙烯酯;
所述低温浆料制备方法为:精确称量10克三乙醇胺硼酸盐和100克碳酸丙 烯酯并充分混合,再将混合物与150克双酚F型环氧树脂单体在0~30℃下经双行星搅拌均匀,在搅拌的条件下继续添加1500克镀银铜粉和500克球状银粉;在室温下搅拌30分钟以确保金属粉的均匀分散,然后在三辊分散机上分散三次后得到以镀银铜粉为导电粒子的异质结太阳能电池用低温浆料。
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