CN113046105A

CN113046105A - Green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and flue gas purification method

Info

Publication number: CN113046105A
Application number: CN202110442072.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 卓桂祥; 卓欣澜
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2021-04-23
Filing date: 2021-04-23
Publication date: 2021-06-29

Abstract

The invention discloses a green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and a flue gas purification method, wherein an exhaust chamber is arranged on the kiln wall on one side of the middle part of a kiln core, the lower part of the exhaust chamber is provided with an air vent communicated with a kiln cavity, the kiln wall opposite to the air vent is provided with an air inlet, a steam nozzle and a combustion fire gun, the steam nozzle is communicated with a steam kettle through a pipeline I with an adjusting valve, and the combustion fire gun is communicated with a biomass gas storage cabinet through a pipeline II with a pressure adjusting valve and a flame retardant device; the upper part of the exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust port I communicated with the tar separator II, an exhaust port II and an air inlet communicated with the pipeline III with a control valve; a top cover is arranged at the upper opening of the hearth, and a feed inlet and a smoke outlet communicated with the tar separator I are formed in the top cover; the lower opening of the hearth is a carbon outlet. The invention utilizes the waste bamboo material processed by bamboo products to continuously produce high-temperature bamboo charcoal and bamboo vinegar liquid, obtains biomass gas through flue gas recovery and purification, and improves the utilization of biomass energy.

Description

Green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and flue gas purification method

Technical Field

The invention relates to bamboo and wood dry distillation carbonization technology, in particular to a green and environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and a flue gas purification method.

Background

The bamboo charcoal firing starts in the last 90 s and till now, and the annual yield of bamboo charcoal in China reaches more than 30 million tons.

The existing bamboo carbonization process equipment mainly comprises 4 types of brick soil kilns, improved brick soil kilns, dry distillation pyrolysis equipment and continuous vertical kilns.

The brick soil kiln and the improved brick soil kiln are still the main mode for producing the bamboo charcoal at the present stage, the bamboo charcoal firing is mainly judged by people through visual inspection and nasal smell according to experience, the temperature difference in the kiln is large, the product quality is uneven, the labor intensity of manual charging and manual charcoal discharging is high, and the smoke generated by intermittent production can not be directly discharged into the atmosphere and can not be recycled.

The dry distillation pyrolysis equipment completely depends on an external heat source, the carbonization temperature is not high, the energy consumption is high, the labor intensity of manual carbon discharging is high, and the flue gas produced intermittently is directly discharged into the atmosphere and cannot be recycled.

The continuous vertical moving bed carbonization kiln has obvious advantages in the aspects of carbonization process, product quality, energy consumption, production scale and the like, in the process of the process, a bamboo raw material is added from the top, the bamboo raw material gradually moves downwards by virtue of gravity, is manually discharged from a discharge port after sequentially going through the stages of drying, pre-carbonization, calcination, cooling and the like, 500-degree combustion gas generated by a mixed burner is introduced from the outside of a calcination zone and flows from bottom to top as a heat-carrying medium to heat the bamboo raw material, flows out from the upper part of a bed layer together with pyrolysis gas generated during the drying and carbonization of the bamboo raw material, and then enters a condenser to be cooled and condensed to obtain bamboo vinegar liquid, but the generated flue gas is not purified and fully recycled, and the mechanization degree is not high.

In order to improve the comprehensive utilization of renewable bamboo resources and realize low-carbon, green and environment-friendly sustainable development, mechanical automatic production equipment suitable for the development of the domestic bamboo charcoal industry is researched and developed, the environmental pollution in the bamboo charcoal production process is eliminated, the recycling of bamboo vinegar liquid and smoke is considered, and the problem of recycling of bamboo deep-processing waste is urgently needed to be solved.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and a flue gas purification method so as to improve the utilization rate of biomass energy and reduce carbon emission.

The green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln can solve the technical problems and comprises a vertical kiln body, wherein the kiln body comprises a shell cover, a heat insulation layer and a kiln core from outside to inside, and the difference is as follows:

1. the kiln chamber middle part (calcining zone) of kiln core is equipped with the exhaust chamber, on the kiln wall of kiln chamber one side was located to the exhaust chamber, several rows of bleeder vents that communicate with the kiln chamber were seted up to the lower part of exhaust chamber, and with several rows of bleeder vents for having seted up the air inlet on the kiln wall of kiln chamber opposite side and be provided with steam nozzle and burning firearms, steam nozzle through take regulating valve pipeline I with locate the intraformational steam cauldron intercommunication that keeps warm, burning firearms communicate biomass gas through pipeline II intercommunication biomass gas storage cabinet of taking pressure regulating valve and flame retardant ware.

2. And the upper part of the exhaust chamber is provided with an exhaust port I communicated with the tar separator II, an exhaust port II and an air inlet communicated with the pipeline III with a control valve arranged in the heat insulation layer.

3. The upper opening of the kiln core is provided with a top cover, and the top cover is provided with a feed inlet and a smoke outlet communicated with the tar separator I.

4. The lower port of the kiln core is a carbon outlet internally provided with a spiral feeder I, and a carbon collecting box internally provided with a spiral feeder II is communicated with the carbon outlet.

In order to monitor the change of the temperature of the bamboo charcoal in the hearth, a temperature thermocouple is arranged at the position of the air vent of the exhaust chamber.

In order to facilitate the automatic backflow of the smoke, the height difference between the exhaust port II and the air inlet is designed to be 30-150 cm.

In order to realize automatic feeding, a feeding track connected with a feeding port is arranged, a feeding hopper for conveying bamboo raw materials is arranged on the feeding track, and a movable door capable of being automatically opened and closed by the feeding hopper is arranged at the feeding port.

The invention relates to a green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln flue gas purification method, which comprises the following process flows of:

1. the flue gas generated by the furnace body is led out from a smoke outlet and enters a tar separator I, heavy tar in the flue gas is condensed and deposited, bamboo vinegar liquid, light tar and other components enter a flue gas condenser I through a circulating pipeline, the temperature is reduced to the daily temperature in the circulation of a water cooling pipeline, most of the bamboo vinegar liquid and the light tar are condensed into liquid and flow into a bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank I, and a small part of vaporous bamboo vinegar liquid and tar enter a spray purifier through a flue gas regulating valve I through a circulating pipeline under the action of flue gas flow.

2. High-temperature flue gas in the exhaust chamber is guided into the tar separator II from the exhaust port and part of tar is separated out, the flue gas enters the flue gas condenser II along a pipeline, the temperature is reduced to the daily temperature in the circulation of the condensing pipeline, most of moisture, dust and light tar are condensed into liquid and flow into the bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank II, and a small part of atomized water, dust and tar enter the spray purifier along the pipeline through the flue gas regulating valve II under the action of flue gas flow.

3. The spraying purifier washes the entering flue gas to remove partial dust and tar, the flue gas after washing enters an active carbon purification tower through a circulating pipeline, tar particles, micro-dust and water vapor in the flue gas are further adsorbed and filtered through multi-layer active carbon, the purified flue gas enters a cloth bag type filter box through the circulating pipeline, and then the tar particles, the micro-dust and the water in the flue gas are further filtered to obtain the biomass gas (the main component of CO)₂、H₂、CO、CH₄Ethane and the like) and the biomass gas is conveyed to the biomass gas storage cabinet through the high-pressure air pump.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln and a flue gas purification method, which utilize the technology of firing high-temperature bamboo charcoal by waste bamboo materials and self-burning, extract high-quality bamboo vinegar liquid, recover and purify flue gas to obtain biomass gas, and guide the biomass gas into a biomass gas storage cabinet for storage, so that the whole production process is low-carbon and zero-emission, the biomass energy is fully utilized and is adapted to the latest national policy of renewable energy for green low-carbon cycle development, and the maximization of economic benefit, environmental benefit and social benefit can be realized.

2. The invention takes the waste bamboo materials of bamboo processing enterprises as raw materials, the upper part of the kiln body is fed with the materials, and the bottom of the kiln body is carbonized, so that the high-temperature bamboo charcoal can be continuously and industrially fired, the high-quality bamboo vinegar liquid is extracted, the flue gas can be continuously recovered, the biomass gas is obtained through multi-stage purification, the mechanical operation is realized in the whole continuous supply production process, and the foundation is laid for the automation and intellectualization of the subsequent industrial upgrading.

3. In the structure of the invention, the combustion fire gun using biomass gas as fuel can stably control the temperature of the calcining zone in the furnace to be maintained at the high temperature of 900-1000 ℃, and simultaneously, the steam nozzle injects steam to physically activate the bamboo charcoal, thereby effectively improving the adsorption function and quality of the bamboo charcoal.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a flow diagram of flue gas purification of the embodiment of fig. 1.

And (3) identifying the figure number: 1. a kiln core; 2. a smoke outlet; 3. a top cover; 4. a feed inlet; 5. a movable door; 6. feeding a hopper; 7. an exhaust chamber; 8. an exhaust port I; 9. an exhaust port II; 10. air holes are formed; 11. a temperature thermocouple; 12. a charcoal outlet; 13. a spiral feeder I; 14. a burning torch; 15. a steam nozzle; 16. an air inlet; 17. a steam kettle; 18. a carbon collecting box; 19. a screw feeder II; 20. a track.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention will be further explained with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings.

The invention relates to a green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln, which comprises a vertical kiln body, wherein the kiln body comprises a steel shell cover from outside to inside, a heat insulation layer filled with heat insulation materials and a kiln core 1 built by refractory materials, the kiln cavity of the kiln core 1 is a rectangular vertical shaft, the top of the kiln core 1 is provided with a top cover 3 made of a steel plate to cover the upper opening of the kiln cavity, one side of the top cover 3 is provided with a smoke exhaust port 2 communicated with a tar separator I, the other side of the top cover 3 is provided with a feed inlet 4, and a movable door 5 is arranged at the feed inlet 4; the lower opening of the kiln cavity is a charcoal outlet 12, a spiral feeder I13 is arranged in the charcoal outlet 12, a charcoal collecting box 18 is arranged below the charcoal outlet 12, a spiral feeder II 19 is arranged in the charcoal collecting box 18, and the bamboo charcoal is cooled in the charcoal collecting box 18 and then conveyed to a pulverizer to be pulverized through the spiral feeder II 19, as shown in figure 1.

The middle part of the kiln cavity of the kiln core 1 is a calcining area, the kiln wall at the left side of the calcining area is provided with a vertical rectangular exhaust chamber 7 built by refractory materials, the lower part of the right side of the exhaust chamber 7 is provided with a plurality of rows of air holes 10 communicated with the kiln cavity, an air inlet 16 is arranged on the kiln wall on the right side opposite to the rows of air holes 10, a plurality of steam nozzles 15 and a plurality of burning fire guns 14 are arranged on the kiln wall around the air inlet 16, the plurality of steam nozzles 15 are communicated with a steam kettle 17 through a pipeline I with an adjusting valve, the steam kettle 17 is positioned in a kiln body heat insulation layer on the side surface of the charcoal outlet 12, steam is generated by utilizing heat energy of a cooling section, the plurality of burning fire guns 14 are communicated with the biomass fuel gas storage cabinet through a pipeline II with a pressure regulating valve and a flame retardant device, a temperature thermocouple 11 is arranged at a vent hole 10 at the lower part of the exhaust chamber 7, and the temperature change of bamboo charcoal in a kiln cavity can be monitored in real time through the temperature thermocouple 11; the plurality of burning fire guns 14 are opposite to the air holes 10 of the exhaust chamber 7, which is beneficial for part of burning gas to transversely penetrate through the charcoal material to enter the exhaust chamber 7 (the other part of burning gas upwards penetrates through the bamboo material layer), so as to stabilize the high-temperature carbonization temperature of the bamboo charcoal in the calcination area to be about 900 ℃, and the plurality of steam nozzles 15 regularly and quantitatively spray steam into the calcination area in a high-temperature state to activate the bamboo charcoal, as shown in figure 1.

An exhaust port I8 and an exhaust port II 9 are formed in the upper portion of the exhaust chamber 7, the exhaust port I8 is communicated with a tar separator II outside the kiln body through a pipeline IV, the exhaust port II 9 is communicated with the air inlet 16 through a pipeline III with a control valve arranged in the heat insulation layer, the position of the exhaust port II 9 is 30-150 cm higher than that of the air inlet 16, high-temperature flue gas automatically flows back to the air inlet 16 from the exhaust port II 9 of the exhaust chamber 7 to enter the kiln chamber for internal circulation combustion due to the height difference and the effects of air suction and exhaust pressure, and as shown in figure 1.

A track 20 which is obliquely arranged on the ground is arranged corresponding to the feeding hole 4, a feeding hopper 6 runs on the track 20, when the feeding hopper 6 runs upwards to reach the feeding hole 4, the feeding hopper 6 pushes open the movable door 5 to discharge materials into the kiln cavity of the kiln core 1, after the materials are discharged, the movable door 5 is automatically closed after the feeding hopper 6 runs downwards to leave the feeding hole 4, as shown in figure 1.

During normal production, the bamboo material is added into the furnace cavity once every 30 minutes until the bamboo material is full, the bamboo material moves downwards in the furnace cavity under the action of gravity, is directly smoked and roasted by smoke rising from the lower part of the furnace cavity to be heated, is dehydrated and dried, organic components such as high-boiling tar in the smoke are condensed on the surface of the bamboo material, continuously rises along with the gradual downward movement of the bamboo material, organic matters such as semi-lignin, saccharides and the like in the bamboo material start to be pyrolyzed and carbonized, the temperature in the furnace cavity is continuously moved downwards is higher, the amount of pyrolysis products of the bamboo material is greatly increased, the products are in a smoke state, the products rise along gaps between the bamboo materials in the furnace cavity to penetrate through a material layer to exchange heat with the carbonized bamboo material so as to be heated, the volume of the bamboo material gradually shrinks in the carbonization process, the temperature is continuously moved downwards is higher, the generated liquid products start to be reduced, and the recovered and purified smoke (little or no air) is used as energy, the method is characterized in that volatile substances remained in the bamboo charcoal are removed, when oxygen exists, combustible volatile substances are combusted, the bamboo charcoal is oxidized to be hot on the surface and generates flameless combustion, and the structure of a charcoal body is denser when the bamboo charcoal is calcined; the temperature is stabilized at about 900 ℃, under the condition, a valve of a steam nozzle 15 is opened to inject steam quantitatively, the bamboo charcoal is activated physically to improve the specific surface area of the bamboo charcoal, the bamboo charcoal moves downwards continuously to enter a cooling section, the bamboo charcoal is stirred out from a furnace chamber to a charcoal collecting box 18 quantitatively by only starting a spiral feeder I13, and the bamboo charcoal is cooled to about 60 ℃ and then discharged through a spiral feeder II 19; in the whole carbonization process, about 24 hours are needed from the bamboo material entering the feed port 4 of the furnace body 1 to the carbon discharging from the carbon discharging port 12.

In conclusion, the bamboo materials are fed into the feeding hole 4 through the feeding hopper 6, the bamboo materials in the kiln chamber gradually move downwards from top to bottom due to the action of self gravity, drying, carbonization, high-temperature calcination and steam activation are sequentially completed at one time, the generated bamboo charcoal moves downwards to the lower part of the kiln chamber for cooling, is stirred out from the charcoal outlet at regular time through the spiral feeder I13, enters the charcoal collecting box 18 for further cooling, and is conveyed to the crusher for crushing through the spiral feeder II 19.

1. the flue gas is led out from a smoke outlet 2 of the kiln core 1 and enters a tar separator I to separate out part of tar, the flue gas enters a flue gas condenser I again to condense and separate out most of bamboo vinegar liquid and tar, the bamboo vinegar liquid is collected by a bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank I, and the noncondensable flue gas enters a spray purifier through a regulating valve I.

2. The high-temperature flue gas is led out from an exhaust port II 8 of the exhaust chamber 7 and enters a tar separator II to separate out partial water vapor and dust, the flue gas enters a flue gas condenser II to condense and separate out most of bamboo vinegar liquid and dust, the bamboo vinegar liquid is collected by a bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank II, and the non-condensable flue gas enters a spray purifier through a regulating valve II.

3. The spray purifier washes the dust and tar particles with circulating water (after filtering) to the entering flue gas.

4. The flue gas enters an active carbon purification tower, and tar particles, micro-dust and water vapor in the flue gas are further adsorbed and filtered by adopting multilayer active carbon and filter cotton.

5. The flue gas enters a cloth bag type filter box, and tar particles, micro-dust and moisture in the flue gas are further filtered to obtain the biomass gas.

6. The biomass gas is conveyed to the biomass gas storage cabinet through the high-pressure air pump, and the backflow of the biomass gas is automatically blocked by the check valve when the high-pressure air pump is stopped.

7. The biomass gas in the biomass gas storage cabinet is introduced into the combustion fire gun 14 for recycling.

8. The biomass gas stored in the biomass gas storage cabinet can be used for bamboo vinegar distillation and purification and gas generator power generation, and can also be supplied to surrounding residents and enterprises for use as gas.

Claims

1. Green environment-friendly mechanical type bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln, including the vertical kiln body, the kiln body is including shell cover, heat preservation and kiln core (1) from outside to inside, its characterized in that:

the kiln comprises a kiln core (1), and is characterized in that an exhaust chamber (7) is arranged in the middle of a kiln cavity of the kiln core (1), the exhaust chamber (7) is arranged on the kiln wall on one side of the kiln cavity, the lower part of the exhaust chamber (7) is provided with a plurality of rows of air holes (10) communicated with the kiln cavity, the kiln wall opposite to the other side of the kiln cavity with the plurality of rows of air holes (10) is provided with an air inlet (16), a steam nozzle (15) and a combustion fire gun (14), the steam nozzle (15) is communicated with a steam kettle (17) arranged in a heat insulation layer through a pipeline I with an adjusting valve, and the combustion fire gun (14) is communicated with a biomass gas storage cabinet through a pipeline II with a pressure;

the upper part of the exhaust chamber (7) is provided with an exhaust port I (8) communicated with the tar separator II, an exhaust port II (9) and an air inlet (16) communicated with the pipeline III with a control valve arranged in the heat insulation layer;

a top cover (3) is arranged at the upper opening of the kiln core (1), a feed inlet (4) and a smoke outlet (2) communicated with the tar separator I are formed in the top cover (3);

the lower opening of the kiln core (1) is a carbon outlet (12) internally provided with a spiral feeder I (13), and the carbon outlet (12) is communicated with a carbon collecting box (18) internally provided with a spiral feeder II (19).

2. The green environmental protection type mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: the air holes (10) of the exhaust chamber (7) are provided with temperature thermocouples (11) for sensing the temperature change of the bamboo charcoal in the hearth.

3. The green environmental protection type mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln according to claim 1, characterized in that: and the height difference between the exhaust port II (9) and the air inlet (16) is 30-150 cm.

4. The green and environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: the bamboo wood feeding device is provided with a feeding track (20) connected with a feeding hole (4), a feeding hopper (6) for conveying bamboo wood raw materials is arranged on the feeding track (20), and the feeding hole (4) is provided with a movable door (5) which can be automatically opened and closed by the feeding hopper (6).

5. The method for purifying the smoke of the green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln is characterized by adopting the green environment-friendly mechanical bamboo charcoal carbonization kiln as claimed in claim 1, and the process flow is as follows:

firstly, the smoke generated by the furnace body (1) is led out from a smoke outlet (2) and enters a tar separator I, heavy tar in the smoke is condensed and deposited, bamboo vinegar liquid, light tar and other components enter a smoke condenser I along a pipeline, the temperature is reduced to the daily temperature in the circulation of a water cooling pipeline, most of the bamboo vinegar liquid and the light tar are condensed into liquid and flow into a bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank I, and a small part of vaporous bamboo vinegar liquid and tar enter a spray purifier through a smoke regulating valve I along the pipeline under the action of smoke airflow;

secondly, high-temperature flue gas in the exhaust chamber (7) is guided into a tar separator II from an exhaust port (8) and part of moisture, dust and light tar are separated out, the flue gas enters a flue gas condenser II along a pipeline, the temperature is reduced to the daily temperature in the circulation of a condensation pipeline, most of the moisture, dust and light tar are condensed into liquid and flow into a bamboo vinegar liquid storage tank II, and a small part of atomized water, dust and tar enter a spray purifier through a flue gas regulating valve II along the pipeline under the action of flue gas flow;

the spraying purifier washes the entering flue gas to remove partial dust and tar, the flue gas after washing enters an active carbon purification tower through a circulating pipeline, tar particles, tiny dust and water vapor in the flue gas are further adsorbed and filtered through multiple layers of active carbon, the purified flue gas enters a cloth bag type filter box through the circulating pipeline, then the tar particles, tiny dust and water in the flue gas are further filtered to obtain biomass gas, and the biomass gas is conveyed to a biomass gas storage cabinet through a high-pressure air pump.