CN113042911A - Method for cutting metal plate by optical fiber laser - Google Patents
Method for cutting metal plate by optical fiber laser Download PDFInfo
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- CN113042911A CN113042911A CN202110435366.1A CN202110435366A CN113042911A CN 113042911 A CN113042911 A CN 113042911A CN 202110435366 A CN202110435366 A CN 202110435366A CN 113042911 A CN113042911 A CN 113042911A
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- cutting
- fiber laser
- metal plate
- optical fiber
- automatic focusing
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/04—Automatically aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam, e.g. using the back-scattered light
- B23K26/046—Automatically focusing the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/08—Devices involving relative movement between laser beam and workpiece
- B23K26/0869—Devices involving movement of the laser head in at least one axial direction
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cutting a metal plate by using optical fiber laser, which comprises the following steps: before-use inspection, the power adapter is accessed into the fiber laser cutting equipment, the power adapter detection device is started, meanwhile, the maximum load current value of the power adapter is obtained, and then the maximum load current value is compared with the current value required by the battery of the mobile terminal; according to the method for cutting the metal plate by the optical fiber laser, the used optical fiber laser is small in size, light in weight, movable in working position and small in occupied area; the heat affected zone is minimum, the cut is smooth and flat, and subsequent processing is generally not needed; the cutting heat affected zone is small, the deformation of the plate is small, and the width of a cutting seam is 0.1mm-0.3 mm; the cut surface is smooth and has no burr; the laser cutting head can not contact with the surface of the material, and the workpiece can not be scratched; the cutting seam is narrowest, the heat affected zone is smallest, the local deformation of the workpiece is extremely small, and no mechanical deformation exists; the flexible processing is good, any figure can be processed, and the tube and other special-shaped materials can also be cut.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fiber laser, in particular to a method for cutting a metal plate by fiber laser.
Background
The latest international cutting machine equipment is optical fiber, and laser beams can be gathered on the surface of a workpiece to be machined through the output of the laser beams with high energy density, so that the materialization and gasification of the equipment can be instantly realized during working, and the aim of automatic cutting can be fulfilled. Compared with a gas laser machine, the optical fiber laser cutting machine has obvious advantages in cutting, and is the most important preferred equipment in the field of high-precision laser processing and laser column island systems at present.
The fiber laser cutting machine can be used for cutting metal plates. The cutting requirements of high precision can be met no matter the bevel cutting or the circular tube cutting is carried out, and the cutting edge can be ensured to be more tidy and smooth. Moreover, the optical fiber laser cutting machine has absolute advantages in the aspects of material consumption, working efficiency and environmental protection, so that the optical fiber laser cutting machine is a leading technical product.
The effect of cutting the carbon steel plate by the optical fiber laser cutting machine is burr-free, and the pull lines are consistent; however, in the actual process, the following problems often occur due to improper operation and debugging:
1. the bottom pull wire is greatly offset and the bottom incision is wider:
2. the burr on the bottom surface resembles a slag, is in the form of a droplet and is easily removed:
3. the joined metal burrs can be removed as a single piece:
4. metal burrs on the bottom surface are difficult to remove;
in order to solve the problems of the prior art, a method for cutting a metal plate by using optical fiber laser is provided.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for cutting a metal plate by using fiber laser, which comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking before use, connecting a power adapter into an optical fiber laser cutting device, starting a power adapter detection device, simultaneously obtaining the maximum load current value of the power adapter, comparing the maximum load current value with the current value required by a battery of a mobile terminal, outputting a reminding signal if the maximum load current value is smaller than the current value required by the battery of the mobile terminal, finally checking whether the power voltage conforms to the rated voltage of the optical fiber laser cutting device, checking whether an exhaust pipe is placed at an air outlet, checking whether other foreign matters exist on the table top of a machine, and checking whether a shearing head, a driving motor and a guide rail of the optical fiber laser cutting device are abnormal;
step two, cutting preparation: fixing a metal plate, fixing the metal plate to be cut on a working table of optical fiber laser cutting equipment, adjusting parameters of an optical fiber laser according to the material and thickness of the metal plate, and setting a shearing head at an end point position to be cut before cutting;
starting a driving motor, enabling the driving motor to drive the shearing head to move in an accelerating way in a direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance, continuing to move in a decelerating way in the direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance until the driving motor stops, then driving the shearing head to move back in the accelerating way in the cutting direction for a certain distance to the end point position to be cut, and not emitting laser in the distance process;
focusing by using an automatic focusing lens system;
and fifthly, outputting different control signals by the CNC according to setting, outputting corresponding pressure gas to the automatic focusing mirror by the proportional valve according to the control signals, and changing the curvature of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror so as to realize the adjustment of the divergence angle of the reflected light without manual intervention.
Step six, uniform cutting: opening auxiliary cutting gas, and when the driving motor drives the shearing head to move at a constant speed, starting to emit laser by the shearing head and starting to perform laser constant-speed cutting on the object to be cut;
and step seven, when the cutting is finished, stopping emitting the laser, driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor, then closing the auxiliary cutting gas, and driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor which is not less than the distance of the driving motor which moves when the driving motor is decelerated from a constant speed state to zero.
Preferably, a fiber laser is arranged in the fiber laser cutting device, and the working position of the fiber laser can be moved.
Preferably, the kerf specification of the fiber laser cutting equipment is 0.1mm-0.3 mm.
Preferably, the laser light path is from an automatic focusing lens to a metal total reflection mirror to a cutting plate.
Preferably, the metal reflecting mirror is a total reflector, the reflecting surface is provided with a coating aiming at the reflection of the optical fiber laser, the total reflection is realized, and the laser beam is reflected to the cutting plate in a vertical state.
Preferably, the automatic focusing lens and the proportional valve are included.
Preferably, the interior of the automatic focusing mirror system is of a hollow structure, and the curvature change of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror can be realized along with the change of the gas pressure in the hollow cavity.
Preferably, the automatic focusing mirror system comprises a CNC for controlling the proportional valve to output a gas pressure in accordance with the database data output signal.
Preferably, the proportional valve is used for converting the CNC control signal into an output gas pressure value, the output gas is connected to the automatic focusing mirror, and the automatic focusing mirror changes the curvature of the reflecting surface according to the gas pressure.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: according to the method for cutting the metal plate by the optical fiber laser, the used optical fiber laser is small in size, light in weight, movable in working position and small in occupied area; the heat affected zone is minimum, the cut is smooth and flat, and subsequent processing is generally not needed; the cutting heat affected zone is small, the deformation of the plate is small, and the width of a cutting seam is 0.1mm-0.3 mm; the cut surface is smooth and has no burr; the laser cutting head can not contact with the surface of the material, and the workpiece can not be scratched; the cutting seam is narrowest, the heat affected zone is smallest, the local deformation of the workpiece is extremely small, and no mechanical deformation exists; the flexible processing is good, any figure can be processed, and the tube and other special-shaped materials can also be cut.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
A method for cutting a metal plate by using an optical fiber laser comprises the following steps:
firstly, checking before use, connecting a power adapter into an optical fiber laser cutting device, starting a power adapter detection device, simultaneously obtaining the maximum load current value of the power adapter, comparing the maximum load current value with the current value required by a battery of a mobile terminal, outputting a reminding signal if the maximum load current value is smaller than the current value required by the battery of the mobile terminal, finally checking whether the power voltage conforms to the rated voltage of the optical fiber laser cutting device, checking whether an exhaust pipe is placed at an air outlet, checking whether other foreign matters exist on the table top of a machine, and checking whether a shearing head, a driving motor and a guide rail of the optical fiber laser cutting device are abnormal;
step two, cutting preparation: fixing a metal plate, fixing the metal plate to be cut on a working table of optical fiber laser cutting equipment, adjusting parameters of an optical fiber laser according to the material and thickness of the metal plate, and setting a shearing head at an end point position to be cut before cutting;
starting a driving motor, enabling the driving motor to drive the shearing head to move in an accelerating way in a direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance, continuing to move in a decelerating way in the direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance until the driving motor stops, then driving the shearing head to move back in the accelerating way in the cutting direction for a certain distance to the end point position to be cut, and not emitting laser in the distance process;
focusing by using an automatic focusing lens system;
and fifthly, outputting different control signals by the CNC according to setting, outputting corresponding pressure gas to the automatic focusing mirror by the proportional valve according to the control signals, and changing the curvature of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror so as to realize the adjustment of the divergence angle of the reflected light without manual intervention.
Step six, uniform cutting: opening auxiliary cutting gas, and when the driving motor drives the shearing head to move at a constant speed, starting to emit laser by the shearing head and starting to perform laser constant-speed cutting on the object to be cut;
and step seven, when the cutting is finished, stopping emitting the laser, driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor, then closing the auxiliary cutting gas, and driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor which is not less than the distance of the driving motor which moves when the driving motor is decelerated from a constant speed state to zero.
The fiber laser cutting equipment is internally provided with a fiber laser, and the working position of the fiber laser can be moved.
The cutting seam specification of the optical fiber laser cutting equipment is 0.1mm-0.3 mm.
The laser path is from the automatic focusing lens to the metal total reflection lens to the cutting plate.
The metal reflecting mirror is a total reflector, the reflecting surface is provided with a coating aiming at the reflection of the optical fiber laser, the total reflection is realized, and the laser beam is reflected to the cutting plate in a vertical state.
Comprises an automatic focusing mirror and a proportional valve.
The automatic focusing mirror system is internally of a hollow structure, and the reflecting surface can change along with the change of gas pressure in the hollow cavity to realize the curvature change of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror.
The automatic focusing mirror system comprises a CNC which is used for controlling the proportional valve to output gas pressure according to data output signals of a database.
The proportional valve is used for converting the CNC control signal into an output gas pressure value, the output gas is connected to the automatic focusing mirror, and the automatic focusing mirror changes the curvature of the reflecting surface according to the gas pressure.
It should be noted that laser cutting can be classified into four categories, i.e., laser vaporization cutting, laser melting cutting, laser oxygen cutting, and laser scribing and fracture control.
In laser vaporization cutting, a workpiece is heated by a laser beam with high energy density, so that the temperature is rapidly increased, the boiling point of a material is reached in a very short time, and the material begins to vaporize to form vapor. These vapors are ejected at a high speed, and a slit is formed in the material at the same time as the vapor is ejected. The heat of vaporization of materials is generally large, so that laser vaporization cutting requires a large power and power density.
Laser vaporization cutting is widely used for cutting extremely thin metal materials and non-metal materials (such as paper, cloth, wood, plastics, rubber and the like).
In laser fusion cutting, a metal material is melted by laser heating, and then a non-oxidizing gas (Ar, He, N, etc.) is blown through a nozzle coaxial with a beam, so that liquid metal is discharged by a strong pressure of the gas to form a cut. The laser melting cutting does not need to completely vaporize the metal, only 1/10 of the vaporization cutting is needed, and the laser melting cutting is mainly used for cutting some materials which are not easy to oxidize or active metals, such as stainless steel, titanium, aluminum and alloys thereof.
The laser oxygen cutting principle is similar to the oxyacetylene cutting. It uses laser as preheating heat source and active gas such as oxygen as cutting gas. On one hand, the blown gas reacts with cutting metal to generate oxidation reaction and release a large amount of oxidation heat; on the other hand, molten oxide and melt are blown out of the reaction zone to form a cut in the metal. Because of the large amount of heat generated by the oxidation reaction during cutting, the energy required for laser oxygen cutting is only 1/2 for fusion cutting, and the cutting speed is much greater than that of laser vaporization cutting and fusion cutting. The laser oxygen cutting is mainly used for easily oxidized metal materials such as carbon steel, titanium steel, heat treatment steel and the like.
And finally, laser scribing is to scan the surface of the brittle material by using high-energy-density laser, so that the material is heated to evaporate a small groove, and then a certain pressure is applied, so that the brittle material can crack along the small groove. The lasers used for laser scribing are typically Q-switched lasers and CO2 lasers.
Controlled fracture is the use of a steep temperature profile produced during laser grooving to produce local thermal stress in the brittle material causing the material to break along small grooves.
The existing optical fiber laser cutting machine can be used for cutting metal plates. The cutting requirements of high precision can be met no matter the bevel cutting or the circular tube cutting is carried out, and the cutting edge can be ensured to be more tidy and smooth. Moreover, the optical fiber laser cutting machine has absolute advantages in the aspects of material consumption, working efficiency and environmental protection, so that the optical fiber laser cutting machine is a leading technical product.
The effect of cutting the carbon steel plate by the optical fiber laser cutting machine is burr-free, and the pull lines are consistent; however, in the actual process, the following problems often occur due to improper operation and debugging:
the used fiber laser has small volume, light weight, movable working position and small occupied area; the precision is high, the speed is high, the cutting seam is narrow, the heat affected zone is minimum, the cut is smooth and flat, and the subsequent processing is generally not needed; the cutting heat affected zone is small, the deformation of the plate is small, and the cutting seam is narrow (0.1 mm-0.3 mm); the notch has no mechanical stress and no shearing burr; the cut surface is smooth and has no burr; the laser cutting head can not contact with the surface of the material, and the workpiece can not be scratched; the cutting seam is narrowest, the heat affected zone is smallest, the local deformation of the workpiece is extremely small, and no mechanical deformation exists; the processing flexibility is good, any pattern can be processed, and pipes and other special-shaped materials can also be cut;
the laser cutting machine has narrow cutting seam: the laser beam is focused into a small light spot, so that the focal point reaches high power density, the material is quickly heated to a gasification degree, and holes are formed through evaporation. The holes are continuously formed into slits of narrow width, typically 0.10-0.20mm, as the beam and material move linearly relative to each other.
The cutting surface of the laser cutting machine is smooth: the cutting surface has no burr, and the surface roughness of the notch is generally controlled within Ra6.5.
The laser cutting machine has high speed: the maximum positioning speed of the cutting speed of 10m/min can reach 30m/min, which is much faster than the linear cutting speed.
The laser cutting machine has good cutting quality: the cutting edge is cut in a non-contact manner, the influence of the cutting edge on heating is small, the thermal deformation of a workpiece is basically avoided, the edge collapse formed when the material is subjected to punching and shearing is completely avoided, and the secondary processing is not generally needed for cutting.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A method for cutting a metal plate by using fiber laser is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, checking before use, connecting a power adapter into an optical fiber laser cutting device, starting a power adapter detection device, simultaneously obtaining the maximum load current value of the power adapter, comparing the maximum load current value with the current value required by a battery of a mobile terminal, outputting a reminding signal if the maximum load current value is smaller than the current value required by the battery of the mobile terminal, finally checking whether the power voltage conforms to the rated voltage of the optical fiber laser cutting device, checking whether an exhaust pipe is placed at an air outlet, checking whether other foreign matters exist on the table top of a machine, and checking whether a shearing head, a driving motor and a guide rail of the optical fiber laser cutting device are abnormal;
step two, cutting preparation: fixing a metal plate, fixing the metal plate to be cut on a working table of optical fiber laser cutting equipment, adjusting parameters of an optical fiber laser according to the material and thickness of the metal plate, and setting a shearing head at an end point position to be cut before cutting;
starting a driving motor, enabling the driving motor to drive the shearing head to move in an accelerating way in a direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance, continuing to move in a decelerating way in the direction opposite to the cutting direction for a certain distance until the driving motor stops, then driving the shearing head to move back in the accelerating way in the cutting direction for a certain distance to the end point position to be cut, and not emitting laser in the distance process;
focusing by using an automatic focusing lens system;
and fifthly, outputting different control signals by the CNC according to setting, outputting corresponding pressure gas to the automatic focusing mirror by the proportional valve according to the control signals, and changing the curvature of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror so as to realize the adjustment of the divergence angle of the reflected light without manual intervention.
Step six, uniform cutting: opening auxiliary cutting gas, and when the driving motor drives the shearing head to move at a constant speed, starting to emit laser by the shearing head and starting to perform laser constant-speed cutting on the object to be cut;
and step seven, when the cutting is finished, stopping emitting the laser, driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor, then closing the auxiliary cutting gas, and driving the shearing head to continue to operate at a certain speed reduction distance by the driving motor which is not less than the distance of the driving motor which moves when the driving motor is decelerated from a constant speed state to zero.
2. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fiber laser cutting equipment is internally provided with a fiber laser, and the working position of the fiber laser can be moved.
3. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the cutting seam specification of the optical fiber laser cutting equipment is 0.1mm-0.3 mm.
4. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the laser light path is from the automatic focusing lens to the metal total reflection lens to the cutting plate.
5. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the metal reflecting mirror is a total reflector, the reflecting surface is provided with a coating aiming at the reflection of the optical fiber laser, the total reflection is realized, and the laser beam is reflected to the cutting plate in a vertical state.
6. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: comprises an automatic focusing mirror and a proportional valve.
7. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic focusing mirror system is internally of a hollow structure, and the reflecting surface can change along with the change of gas pressure in the hollow cavity to realize the curvature change of the reflecting surface of the automatic focusing mirror.
8. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automatic focusing mirror system comprises a CNC which is used for controlling the proportional valve to output gas pressure according to data output signals of a database.
9. A method of fiber laser cutting a metal plate according to claim 1, characterized in that: the proportional valve is used for converting the CNC control signal into an output gas pressure value, the output gas is connected to the automatic focusing mirror, and the automatic focusing mirror changes the curvature of the reflecting surface according to the gas pressure.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110435366.1A CN113042911A (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Method for cutting metal plate by optical fiber laser |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202110435366.1A CN113042911A (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Method for cutting metal plate by optical fiber laser |
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| CN202110435366.1A Pending CN113042911A (en) | 2021-04-22 | 2021-04-22 | Method for cutting metal plate by optical fiber laser |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113977112A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉威士登自动化控制技术有限公司 | High-speed laser perforation method |
| CN115351436A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-11-18 | 南通福荣数控科技有限公司 | Stainless steel lathe for polishing and cutting special-shaped workpiece |
-
2021
- 2021-04-22 CN CN202110435366.1A patent/CN113042911A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113977112A (en) * | 2021-11-12 | 2022-01-28 | 武汉威士登自动化控制技术有限公司 | High-speed laser perforation method |
| CN115351436A (en) * | 2022-10-12 | 2022-11-18 | 南通福荣数控科技有限公司 | Stainless steel lathe for polishing and cutting special-shaped workpiece |
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