CN113040095B - Method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae - Google Patents
Method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/033—Rearing or breeding invertebrates; New breeds of invertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae, which comprises the following steps: preparing a stiff aphid seedling to be separated; (2) preparing a carrier 1; (3) first separation and purification; (4) collecting the purified runt aphids; (5) continuously cultivating the carrier 1 material; (6) carrier 2 preparation; (7) second separation and purification; (8) collecting the high-purity stiff aphids; (9) continuously feeding the carrier 2 materials. The invention combines the biological characteristics of aphidiidae and aphids, utilizes the transfer of parasitic aphids and aphids due to plant wilting, the residual stiff aphids on the original carrier can be collected and packaged, and the transferred aphids can be continuously raised. The method improves the utilization of materials in the production link, reduces the contents of impurities and empty shells on the stiff aphid product, improves the stiff aphid rate, has small damage to the stiff aphids, is convenient for the transportation and the scattering of the stiff aphids, and is beneficial to the large-scale production, application and commercialization of aphidiidae.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of biological control, in particular to a method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae.
Background
Aphids are commonly known as greaves or nectria, belong to hemiptera, can harm wheat, corn, tobacco, cotton, cabbage, radish, soybean, rape, cabbage, peach tree, apple and the like, not only suck leaf juice, but also spread virus diseases, and generate sooty mold when the quantity is large, thereby causing quality reduction. Currently, about 4700 more species are known in the world, and about 1100 species are distributed in china.
The species of aphidiidae is parasitic wasp in vivo of aphid, is a kind of important natural enemy insect, and has been applied to the prevention and treatment of some important aphids. China is the most abundant country of aphidiidae resources, and the main types are: aphidius gifuensis, aphidiidae persicaria persiciforme, aphidiidae paucicostata, sorghum aphidiidae, cotton aphidiidae of sugarcane, wheat aphidiidae, and bird's nest.
At present, in China, the forms of releasing aphidiidae are various, and the forms include a method for releasing stiff aphidiidae seedlings, such as a method for dispersedly releasing the aphidiidae of 201810265683.1 and a device for detachably releasing the stiff aphidiidae seedlings of 201821353262.6; there are also some forms of throwing stiff aphid leaf collecting cards, such as 201720857192.7 a stiff aphid leaf collecting card for aphidiidae, 201720520478.6 a stiff aphid releasing device for tobacco aphidiidae; also has a mode of throwing the stiff aphids, such as 201821274390.1 a hanging type stiff aphid quadratus preservation and release box.
Stiff aphid seedling only need simple packing can be put in, and Stiff aphid blade card needs the manual work to collect the preparation, and Stiff aphid then needs to collect Stiff aphid. The method for collecting the stiff aphids mainly comprises manual collection, such as 201720265014.5-a tool for simply and conveniently collecting the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae and 201520602403.3-a device for collecting and releasing the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae; electric stripping, such as 201520737370.3-stiff aphid collector of bombesia avenae, 201720681749.6-device for quickly separating stiff aphids on leaves from non-stiff aphid status aphids, 201721061034.7-hand-held electric stiff aphid collector; automatic treatment, such as 201811266964.5-stiff aphid stripping device, 201811266970.0-stiff aphid automatic treatment system, 201520329078.8-stiff aphid automatic collector, 201811266963.0-pipelined stiff aphid separating and washing device, 201521040933.X-stiff aphid automatic screening machine, and 201810898800.8-stiff aphid automatic picking machine.
Besides the stiff aphids, the stiff aphids also have the aphids which are not parasitized, dead aphids and the like, and fresh plants are used as carriers, so that the water content is high, the storage and transportation are not tolerant, the commercialization degree is low, and meanwhile, the carrier plants are prevented from spreading diseases to the crops in the scattered area when the stiff aphids are thrown. The stiff aphid leaf collecting card needs to be made manually, is large in manual demand and limited in output, and is not beneficial to commercialized popularization. The stiff aphids are easy to package, convenient to store and transport and beneficial to commercialization and popularization.
The stiff aphids are in the pupal stage of the aphidiidae, are living bodies in the dormant stage, are oval, have small size, the radius is more than 0.9-1mm, most of the stiff aphids are attached to the back of the leaf and the position close to the leaf stalk of a carrier plant, and the stiff aphid cocoon wall is easily damaged when the stiff aphids are collected and selected manually or automatically, so that the emergence of the stiff aphids is influenced. Although the prior art has the links of separation and impurity removal, the part of the damaged stiff aphids is not treated, so that the product purity is not high, the control effect is influenced, and the utilization rate of the stiff aphids is low.
In view of the above problems, there is a need for a method for separating and purifying stiff aphids, which can improve the utilization rate of the stiff aphids without damaging the stiff aphids.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing the stiff aphid seedlings to be separated: the used stiff aphid seedlings carry a large number of obvious parasitic aphids, the apparent parasitic rate is more than or equal to 35 percent, and the stiff aphid rate is 8 to 10 percent.
(2) Preparation of the vector 1: the carrier 1 is 5-6 true leaves, fresh, healthy and disease-free young plants.
(3) First separation and purification: firstly, cutting off the stiff aphid seedlings to be separated, placing the stiff aphid seedlings on the carrier 1, and paving the carrier until the carrier is full.
(4) Collecting purified stiff aphids: in order to ensure the uniformity of the collected stiff aphids, the cut stiff aphid seedlings are collected within 24 hours and stored according to the application;
furthermore, after more than 95% of parasitic aphids and aphids are transferred to the carrier 1, cut stiff aphid seedlings can be collected and stored according to the application.
(5) And (3) continuing culturing the carrier 1 material: the large number of parasitic aphids and the small number of aphids remaining on the carrier 1 are managed according to the breeding bees, except in rainy days, the ratio of 9-00.
(6) Preparation of the carrier 2: the carrier 2 is more than 4 true leaves, and is a fresh, healthy and disease-free plant.
(7) And (3) second separation and purification: when the residual materials of the carrier 1 are cultivated until the apparent parasitic rate is more than or equal to 50 percent and the stiff aphid rate reaches 60 to 80 percent, the carrier 1 is cut off and placed on the carrier 2 until the carrier is fully paved.
(8) Collecting high-purity stiff aphids: within 24 hours, the cut carrier 1 is collected;
furthermore, about 95% of the stiff aphids remain in the carrier 1, which can be collected before no more than 1% of the stiff aphids emerge, and remain on the carrier 2 for no more than 24 hours at most.
(9) And (3) continuously feeding the carrier 2 materials: the carrier 2 is provided with aphids and a small amount of parasitic aphids, and can be used for continuously breeding or feeding adult aphidiidae.
One of the innovation points of the invention is that the stiff aphid leaves with high purity and a clear host plant carrier can be obtained by the treatment of the invention, and the separated aphids can be continuously fed, so that the materials are fully utilized, and the purpose of making the best use of things is achieved without waste.
The second innovation point of the invention is that all the operations do not directly contact the stiff aphids, so that the stiff aphids are damaged to zero, and the influence of the reduction of the emergence rate of the stiff aphids caused by the damage of the cocoon walls of the stiff aphids is avoided.
The third innovation of the invention is that the carrier 1 can be changed and adjusted into non-homologous plants according to crops in a scattered area, thereby avoiding pathogen transmission of homologous plants, and the carrier plant with the stiff aphids can be directly hung on the crops during putting. The carrier plant diseases are always a great problem which troubles the throwing of the stiff aphid seedlings, and the problems can not be caused by adopting the invention.
The invention has the fourth innovation point that the parasitic aphids belong to passive transfer, and can transfer past individuals which are all strong in body, so that the screening is carried out from the source, and the quality of the stiff aphids is improved.
The invention is characterized in that the operation is simple, the stiff aphid seedling is cut off and put on the carrier.
The key technology for obtaining a large amount of high-purity stiff aphids of Aphidius gifuensis Ashmesd is as follows:
1. the breeding technology for the dead aphids has the relatively consistent forming period of the parasitic aphids on the dead aphid seedlings, and when the forming period of the parasitic aphids on the dead aphid seedlings is relatively consistent, the formation of the parasitic aphids to the dead aphids is consistent. Because the parasitic time of the aphidiidae to the aphids lasts for 3-5 days in the large-scale feeding of the aphidiidae, the time for forming a large number of obvious parasitic aphids and stiff aphids in the later period is different, and the most key is to master the feeding technology for forming the relatively consistent parasitic aphids.
2. The second separation and purification is that a large amount of regular stiff aphids are left on the materials after the second separation and purification in the key period of the invention, so the parasitic rate must be more than or equal to 35 percent during the first separation and purification, the stiff aphid rate is 8-10 percent, the proportion is too low, the uniformity of the stiff aphids after the second separation and purification is influenced during the transfer, the proportion is too high, and a small part of stiff aphids eclosion occurs during the second separation and purification.
3. The matching time of the carrier 1 and the stiff aphid seedlings to be transferred needs to be accurate through repeated tests, the carrier 1 with 5-6 true leaves is an optimal material, the number of the true leaves is too small, the carrier can bear the stiff aphids, the number of the true leaves is too large, the carrier leaves are seriously shielded from each other, and the parasitic aphid transfer is not facilitated.
The method has the advantages of simple operation, low cost, high intensification degree, high emergence rate of the obtained stiff aphid product, convenient large-scale application, industrial production and easy popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by, but is not limited to, the following examples.
Example 1
A method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparing the stiff aphid seedlings to be separated: taking a flue-cured tobacco variety msk326 as a breeding carrier, breeding by adopting a seedling breeding method, and sowing the seeds at a density of 576 plants per square meter; when the feeding carrier grows to 3 leaves and 1 heart, selecting a single-plant aphid seedling with the single-plant aphid quantity more than 120 and the actual parasitic rate of 40-60% as a seed aphid, inoculating the single-plant aphid seedling by adopting a releasing and inoculating method according to the aphid inoculating quantity of 3 heads/plant, and enhancing ventilation and light transmission management after inoculating the single-plant aphid seedling; 12 days after aphid source accessing, except for rainy days, starting shading management at a speed of 9-17; 24 days after the aphid source is inoculated, 37.2 heads/plant of aphids, 193 heads/plant of parasitic aphids, 22.8 heads/plant of stiff aphids and 9.01 percent of stiff aphid rate (see table 1) can be obtained, and separation and purification of the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae can be carried out at the moment.
TABLE 1 Stiff aphid seedling feeding aphid situation dynamics
(2) Preparation of vector 1: and (2) taking flue-cured tobacco variety msk326 as a carrier 1 and planting density of 576 plants per square meter 10 days after sowing in the step 1, managing according to a floating seedling technical specification, culturing to 5-6 true leaves, and preparing for separating and purifying the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae.
(3) First separation and purification: firstly, trimming the base parts of the stiff aphid seedlings, closely arranging and fixing the base parts on a nylon rope 1, enabling the orientation of leaves to be consistent, and then placing the base parts on a carrier 1 to ensure that the stiff aphid seedlings are fully paved on the carrier 1; by adopting the method, the carrier on the nylon rope is turned once every 20 minutes during operation, the side with the insect bodies is required to be upward during turning, and most of aphids and parasitic aphids can be transferred after 2 to 3 hours.
(4) Collecting purified runt aphids: the feeding carrier on the nylon rope 1 is collected within 24 hours and stored for later use according to the application. At this time, the rate of stiff aphids on the separated and purified stiff aphid seedlings was 81.05% (see table 2), and the rate of stiff aphids on the carrier 1 was 0.00% (see table 3).
TABLE 2 insect pest situation on the stiff aphid seedlings after separation and purification
TABLE 3 insect pest information on Carrier 1
(5) And (3) continuing culturing the carrier 1 material: and 9, shade management of 00-17 every day, wherein the shade management is carried out for 3 days continuously, ventilation is kept, normal growth is realized, and the insect situation trends in the period are shown in a table 4.
TABLE 4 dynamic insect growth from Carrier 1 Material
(6) Preparation of the vector 2: and (2) taking flue-cured tobacco variety msk326 as a carrier 2 and planting density of 576 plants per square meter 13 days after sowing in the step 1, managing according to a floating seedling technical specification, and culturing to 4-5 true leaves for secondary separation and purification of stiff aphids of Aphidiidae.
(7) And (3) second separation and purification: after 3 days of first separation and purification, the situation (see table 4) on the carrier 1 is 39.8 heads/plant of aphid, 18.4 heads/plant of parasitic aphid, 145.6 heads/plant of stiff aphid, and the rate of stiff aphid is 72.22%, the carrier 1 is firstly cut off along with the base of the stem, the base is closely arranged and fixed on the nylon rope 2, the leaf orientation is consistent, and then the carrier 2 is placed on the carrier 2, and the carrier 2 is required to be fully paved; by adopting the method, the carrier on the nylon rope is turned once every 20 minutes during operation, the side with the insect bodies is required to be upward during turning, and most of aphids and parasitic aphids can be transferred after 2 to 3 hours.
(8) Collecting high-purity stiff aphids: the nylon rope 2 is taken away within 24 hours, the stiff aphid rate attached to the carrier 1 fixed on the nylon rope 2 is 96.79 percent (see table 5), and the carrier is packaged in a commercialized way and used for controlling aphids.
TABLE 5 insect pest situation on the separated and purified material of the carrier 1
(9) And (3) continuously feeding the carrier 2 materials: on the carrier 2 (see table 6), 16.8 aphids are planted per plant, 1.1 aphids are parasitic aphids per plant, and the aphids are high-quality aphid seed bee vegetarian wood and are continuously raised for production of stiff aphid seedlings.
TABLE 6 insect pest situation on Carrier 2 Material
| Aphid | Parasitic aphid | Stiff aphid | Total aphid amount | Proportion of aphids | Parasitic ratio | Rate of stiff aphids |
| 16.8 | 1.1 | 0 | 17.9 | 93.85％ | 6.15％ | 0.00％ |
Example 2
And (7) second separation and purification: cutting off the leaves of the carrier 1, and paving the carrier 2 with the insect side facing upwards until the carrier is full;
and (8) collecting the high-purity stiff aphids: collecting the carrier 1 leaves within 24 hours, and carrying out commercial packaging for controlling aphids;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Example 3
The flue-cured tobacco variety is msk326, 6 true leaves are cultivated in a pot to be used as a carrier 2, and the rest is the same as the example 2.
Example 4
Step (6) preparation of the carrier 2: 17 days after sowing in the step 1, cultivating by using radish as a carrier 2 and planting density of 576 plants per square meter according to a floating seedling technical specification until 5 true leaves are cultivated, and separating and purifying the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae for the second time;
the rest is the same as example 1.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparing the stiff aphid seedlings to be separated: the used stiff aphid seedlings carry a large amount of obvious parasitic aphids, the apparent parasitic rate is more than or equal to 35 percent, and the stiff aphid rate is 8 to 10 percent;
(2) Preparation of vector 1: the carrier 1 is 5-6 true leaves, fresh, strong and disease-free tender plants;
(3) First separation and purification: firstly, cutting off the stiff aphid seedlings to be separated, placing the cut stiff aphid seedlings on a carrier 1, and fully spreading the carrier;
(4) Collecting purified runt aphids: within 24 hours, collecting the cut stiff aphid seedlings, and preserving according to the application;
(5) And (3) continuing culturing the carrier 1 material: managing a large amount of parasitic aphids and a small amount of aphids remained on the carrier 1 according to bee breeding, and keeping in ventilation every day at a ratio of 9-00;
(6) Preparation of the vector 2: the carrier 2 is a clear, healthy and disease-free plant with more than 4 true leaves;
(7) And (3) second separation and purification: when the residual materials of the carrier 1 are cultivated until the apparent parasitic rate is more than or equal to 50 percent and the stiff aphid rate reaches 60 to 80 percent, shearing the carrier 1, placing the carrier on the carrier 2 and paving the carrier until the carrier is full;
(8) Collecting high-purity stiff aphids: within 24 hours, the cut carrier 1 is collected;
(9) And (3) continuously feeding the carrier 2 materials: the carrier 2 is provided with aphids and a small amount of parasitic aphids, and the aphids are continuously cultivated or bred into adult aphid hornets.
2. The method for separating and purifying the stiff aphids of the aphidiidae according to claim 1, wherein the cut stiff aphids are collected after more than 95% of the parasitic aphids and the aphids are transferred in the step (4), and the cut stiff aphids are placed on the carrier 1 for no more than 24 hours at most.
3. The method for separating and purifying stiff aphids of aphidiidae according to claim 1, wherein about 95% of the stiff aphids remaining on the carrier 1 in step (8) are removed from the cut carrier 1 before no more than 1% of the stiff aphids are eclosion, and the cut seedlings are placed on the carrier 2 for no more than 24 hours at most.
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| KR20110032527A (en) * | 2009-09-23 | 2011-03-30 | 김학남 | Mass production system of the natural enemy for banker plants |
| CN105475232A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-13 | 郑州正合化学制品有限公司 | Method for large-scale breeding of aphidiidae and method for control of aphids |
| CN104642267A (en) * | 2015-02-09 | 2015-05-27 | 云南绿叶生防科技有限公司 | Industrial cultivation method for aphidius gifuensis ashmead |
| CN206371345U (en) * | 2016-11-14 | 2017-08-04 | 云南省烟草公司大理州公司 | A kind of collection device of aphid parasite into honeybee |
| CN208095752U (en) * | 2017-07-14 | 2018-11-16 | 昆明润彩农业科技开发有限公司 | A kind of aphid parasite deadlock aphid blade collector cards |
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