CN113040012B - Screening method of rice seeds directly sowed in dry mode after wheat growing - Google Patents

Screening method of rice seeds directly sowed in dry mode after wheat growing Download PDF

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CN113040012B
CN113040012B CN202110328787.4A CN202110328787A CN113040012B CN 113040012 B CN113040012 B CN 113040012B CN 202110328787 A CN202110328787 A CN 202110328787A CN 113040012 B CN113040012 B CN 113040012B
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rice seeds
rice
days
sowing
wheat
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CN113040012A (en
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王亚
王付华
王越涛
杨文博
付景
尹海庆
王生轩
白涛
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Institute Of Grain Crop Henan Academy Of Agricultural Sciences
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/20Cereals
    • A01G22/22Rice
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01BSOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
    • A01B79/00Methods for working soil
    • A01B79/02Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Abstract

The invention relates to a screening method of rice seeds directly sowed in a dry way after wheat, belonging to the technical field of agricultural seed selection. The screening method of the direct seeding rice seeds comprises the following steps: 1) ploughing and ditching the wheat, and drilling a plurality of rice seeds with the sowing depth controlled at 3-5 cm; 2) irrigating the first covering water after the rice seeds are sowed in drill, draining the water the next day, and spraying a herbicide; 3) recording the emergence condition of each part of rice seeds when sowing for 9 days, and eliminating the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days, wherein the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days have emergence rate not more than 10% in 9 days; 4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after the rice seeds heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing beginning period less than 55 days and the sowing beginning period more than 80 days; 5) harvesting after the rice seeds are mature, calculating the yield, investigating the quality, eliminating the rice seeds which are easy to fall, have the yield of less than 450-plus-500 kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2, and taking the rest rice seeds as direct-seeding rice seeds. The direct seeding rice seed screening method can screen out rice seeds which have excellent comprehensive properties and are suitable for direct seeding after wheat.

Description

Screening method of rice seeds directly sowed in dry mode after wheat growing
Technical Field
The invention relates to a screening method of post-wheat dry direct seeding rice seeds, belonging to the technical field of agricultural seed selection.
Background
Currently, the global rice planting area exceeds 1.7 hundred million hm 2 The planting range is very wide. At present, rice is generally planted in a rice transplanting mode, and the mode has the disadvantages of complex production process, high labor intensity and high cost.
The rice direct seeding technology is gradually becoming an ideal simple and efficient cultivation mode for rice in modern agriculture, has the characteristics of labor saving, time saving, high efficiency and the like, omits fussy production technology links in cultivation and planting processes such as seedling raising, transplanting and the like, simplifies the rice cropping process, not only can greatly reduce the investment of manpower and material resources, but also saves a seedling field and integrally reduces the cultivation and planting cost. In addition, with the development of national economy and the improvement of the living standard of people, the rice consumption is gradually transited from 'full' to 'good' and 'good', and the demand of consumers for high-quality rice is increasingly strong. Therefore, screening and breeding of high-quality, particularly, direct-seeded rice varieties with good taste to meet production and consumption requirements has become one of the important tasks of breeders.
The Chinese patent with application publication number CN108617444A discloses a method for screening rice varieties suitable for direct seeding, which comprises the following steps: 1. the principle is that the basic seedling number of each direct-seeding rice variety is ensured to be consistent; the germination rate and thousand seed weight of each variety are measured before sowing, and the reasonable seed consumption is determined according to a basic formula: the amount of seeds used per mu (kg) is equal to ten thousand of basic seedlings per mu (ten thousand) multiplied by thousand of grain weight (g) ÷ germination percentage (%); 2. setting a conventional rice control and a hybrid rice control, and determining the mu application amount according to different mu basic seedling numbers of the conventional rice and the hybrid rice; 3. the large-area ratio method is adopted for arrangement, the area of the large area is 0.1-0.2 mu, the length-width ratio is about 8:1, and the compartment width is 3.0 +/-0.5 m; 4. placing 0.1 m × 1.0 m small boxes (generally 1-2 boxes) at 0.5 position away from two sides of a large area before 1 leaf of 3 seedlings emerges, and investigating agronomic characters; 5. a sowing mode: planting in field, ridge dividing and quantifying, sowing in multiple times, treading grains after sowing, and culturing prepared seedlings; 6. other cultivation methods are the same as field cultivation, and field recording items are the same as conventional rice regional tests.
In the screening method of the direct-seeding rice variety, the seedling emergence capability of the top soil of the rice variety under the field direct-seeding cultivation condition is not considered, the germination rate measured in a laboratory is only used as the basis of the seed consumption, and the comprehensive character of the screened rice variety needs to be improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a screening method of post-wheat dry direct-sowing rice seeds, which is a dry-sowing pipe and can screen and obtain a high-quality and high-yield rice variety suitable for post-wheat dry direct-sowing planting.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:
a screening method of post-wheat dry direct seeding rice seeds comprises the following steps:
1) ploughing and leveling the harvested wheat farmland, wherein the height drop of the whole farmland is not more than 3cm, then making transverse ditches, vertical ditches and circumferential ditches, and then drilling a plurality of rice seeds with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm;
2) irrigating the first water after sowing the rice seeds in a row, draining the water the next day, and spraying a herbicide;
3) recording the emergence situation of each rice seed when sowing for 9 days, and eliminating the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days, wherein the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days have the emergence rate not more than 10% in 9 days;
4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after the rice seeds heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing beginning period less than 55 days and the sowing beginning period more than 80 days;
5) harvesting after the rice seeds are ripe, calculating the yield, eliminating the rice seeds with the yield of less than 450-550kg per mu, and taking the rest rice seeds as direct-seeding rice seeds.
The yield per mu is lower than 450-550kg, which means that the yield per mu is lower than any value between 450-550 kg.
Step 5), rice seeds with the yield of less than 450-550kg per mu and the quality of less than the national standard grade 2 are eliminated, and the rest rice seeds are directly sown rice seeds.
And 5) eliminating the rice seeds which are easy to fall down, have the yield of less than 450-550kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2, wherein the rest rice seeds are direct-seeded rice seeds, and the easy falling down means that the percentage of the number of plants with the inclination degree of more than 45 degrees to the total number of plants is more than 30 percent.
The row width of the drill in the step 1) is 20-25cm, and the row length is 3 m.
The sowing amount of the drill in the step 1) is 8-10 kg/mu.
The herbicide in step 2) is 25% oxadiazon.
The spraying amount of the herbicide is 200-300mL per mu; adding 40-50kg of water for dilution before spraying.
Preferably, in the step 3), the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days are rice seeds with emergence rate of not more than 30% in 9 days. Further preferably, in the step 3), the emergence condition of each rice seed is recorded when the seeds are sowed for 9 days, and the rice seeds with the emergence rate of not more than 50% when the seeds are sowed for 9 days are eliminated.
Preferably, the seeding time of the drill in the step 1) is 6 months and 15 days.
The rice seeds in the step 1) are japonica rice. In the step 2), draining is to drain until no open water exists on the compartment surface.
The screening method of the direct-seeding rice seeds inspects the seedling emergence rate, heading stage, lodging resistance, yield and quality of the rice seeds, screens the rice seeds, and also inspects the seedling emergence capacity of the rice seeds on the top soil and the rice quality of the rice seeds under the sowing depth of a field of 3-5cm during screening. The screened rice seeds have good characteristics in the five aspects, and the method can screen the rice seeds which have excellent comprehensive properties and are suitable for the post-wheat dry direct seeding.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a graph showing a comparison of the emergence of rice seeds of grade 5 (upper part) and grade 9 (lower part) in example 1.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantageous effects of the present invention easier to understand, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments.
In the following examples, lodging tendency means that the percentage of the number of plants with inclination of more than 45 degrees to the total number of plants is more than 30%.
Example 1
The method for screening the rice seeds subjected to the post-wheat dry direct seeding comprises the following steps:
1) selecting wheat, ploughing, ditching (transverse ditch, vertical ditch and peripheral ditch), sowing rice seeds in rows, wherein the row width is 25cm, the row length is 3m, the sowing depth is 3cm, 5 rows of the same rice seeds are sowed, 2000 seeds are sowed in total, 2000 seeds are all japonica rice, the sowing period is 6 months and 15 days, and the sowing quantity is 8 kg/mu;
2) irrigating the first water after drilling, draining the water on the next day to ensure that the compartment surface has no open water, and then spraying 25% oxadiazon, wherein the spraying amount is 250mL per mu; 250mL of oxadiazon is diluted by 50kg of water and sprayed;
3) the emergence of each rice seed was recorded at 9 days of sowing, and the rice seeds were classified according to emergence according to the following criteria:
rank of Grading Standard for speed of emergence Rice seed number Percent (%)
1 Normal emergence of seedlings 7 days after sowing, enough seedlings and vigorous growth 8 0.4
3 Seedling emergence is normal after 9 days of sowing, enough seedlings are grown, and the growth vigor of the seedlings is normal 85 4.25
5 30-50% of seedlings emerge 9 days after sowing 1762 88.1
7 Seedling emergence of 10-30% in 9 days after sowing 102 5.1
9 Seedling emergence of less than 10% in 9 days after sowing 43 2.15
According to the emergence condition, rice seeds with the emergence rate of not more than 50% in 9 days are eliminated;
4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after the rice seeds heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing beginning period less than 55 days and the sowing beginning period more than 80 days;
5) harvesting after the rice seeds are mature, calculating the yield, examining the quality, eliminating the rice seeds which are easy to fall, have the yield of less than 550kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2, taking the rest rice seeds as direct-seeding rice seeds, and finally screening 76 direct-seeding rice seeds.
Example 2
The method for screening the post-wheat dry direct-seeding rice seeds comprises the following steps:
1) selecting wheat, ploughing, ditching, sowing rice seeds in a row with the width of 20cm, the length of 3m and the sowing depth of 4cm, sowing 5 rows of the same rice seed, sowing 600 seeds in total, wherein the 600 rice seeds are japonica rice, the sowing period is 6 months and 15 days, and the sowing quantity is 9 kg/mu;
2) irrigating the first water after drilling, draining the water on the next day to ensure that the compartment surface has no open water, and then spraying 25% oxadiazon, wherein the spraying amount is 250mL per mu; 250mL of oxadiazon is diluted by 50kg of water and then sprayed;
3) the emergence of each rice seed was recorded at 9 days of sowing, and the rice seeds were classified according to emergence according to the following criteria:
rank of Grading Standard for speed of emergence Number of rice seeds Percent (%)
1 Normal emergence of seedlings 7 days after sowing, enough seedlings and vigorous growth 4 0.7
3 Seedling emergence is normal after 9 days of sowing, enough seedlings are grown, and the growth vigor of the seedlings is normal 35 5.8
5 30-50% of seedlings emerge 9 days after sowing 385 64.2
7 Seedling emergence of 10-30% in 9 days after sowing 147 24.5
9 Seedling emergence rate is below 10% after sowing for 9 days 29 4.8
According to the emergence condition, rice seeds with the emergence rate of not more than 30% in 9 days are eliminated;
4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after the rice seeds heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing beginning period less than 55 days and the sowing beginning period more than 80 days;
5) harvesting after the rice seeds are mature, calculating the yield, eliminating the rice seeds which are easy to fall, have the yield of less than 500kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2, and taking the rest rice seeds as direct-seeding rice seeds.
Example 3
The method for screening the post-wheat dry direct-seeding rice seeds comprises the following steps:
1) selecting wheat, ploughing, ditching, sowing rice seeds in a row width of 20cm, a row length of 3m, a sowing depth of 5cm, sowing 5 rows of the same rice seed, sowing 200 seeds in total, wherein 200 seeds are japonica rice, the sowing period is 6 months and 15 days, and the sowing quantity is 10 kg/mu;
2) irrigating the first water after drilling, draining the water on the next day to ensure that the compartment surface has no open water, and then spraying 25% oxadiazon, wherein the spraying amount is 200mL per mu; 200mL of oxadiazon is diluted by 40kg of water and then sprayed;
3) the emergence of each rice seed was recorded at 9 days of sowing, and the rice seeds were classified according to emergence according to the following criteria:
Figure BDA0002995580080000041
Figure BDA0002995580080000051
according to the emergence condition, rice seeds with the emergence rate of not more than 10% in 9 days are eliminated;
4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing initial period less than 55 days and the sowing initial period more than 80 days;
5) harvesting after the rice seeds are mature, calculating the yield, eliminating the rice seeds which are easy to fall, have the yield of less than 450kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2, taking the rest rice seeds as direct-seeding rice seeds, and finally screening out 23 direct-seeding rice seeds.
Example 4
The method for screening the rice seeds directly planted in the dry postharvest manner in the embodiment is different from the method in the embodiment 1 in that the rice seeds are firstly soaked in a first soaking solution for 10 hours before sowing the rice seeds in a drill, then are fished out and drained, and then are soaked in a second soaking solution for 3 hours, then are fished out and drained, and then are soaked in clear water for 10 hours, fished out and drained. Wherein the first soaking solution is formed by mixing ethyl methanesulfonate, dibromomannitol, lithium chloride and water in a mass ratio of 1:1:1: 100; the second soaking solution is 5% ammonium bicarbonate solution by mass.
Example 5
The method for screening the rice seeds directly planted in the dry postharvest manner in the embodiment is different from the method in the embodiment 4 in that the rice seeds are firstly soaked in a first soaking solution for 10 hours before sowing the rice seeds in a drill, then are fished out and drained, and then are soaked in a second soaking solution for 3 hours, then are fished out and drained, and then are soaked in clear water for 8 hours, and then are fished out and drained. Wherein the first soaking solution is prepared by mixing ethyl methanesulfonate, dibromomannitol, lithium chloride and water in a mass ratio of 2:2:2: 100; the second soaking solution is prepared by mixing ammonium carbamate, ammonium bicarbonate and water in a mass ratio of 8:2: 100.
Example 6
The difference between the post-wheat dry direct seeding rice seed screening method of the embodiment and the embodiment 5 is that the rice seed screening method does not adopt clear water for soaking after soaking in the second soaking solution.
Test examples
After-wheat dry direct-seeded rice seeds obtained by screening in examples 1 to 6 were used for indoor germination tests, and the germination rates are shown in the table below.
After 6 months, 15 days of wheat harvest, 6 small test fields were selected from the post-wheat dry direct-seeded rice seeds obtained by screening in examples 1-6, and the yield was calculated after harvesting as shown in the table below.
Figure BDA0002995580080000052
Figure BDA0002995580080000061
As can be seen from the table above, the direct-seeding rice seeds obtained by screening are suitable for direct-seeding planting in the dry land behind the wheat in the central plain area, the yield is high, and the economic benefit is obvious.

Claims (9)

1. A screening method of rice seeds subjected to post-wheat dry direct seeding is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) ploughing and leveling the harvested wheat farmland, wherein the height drop of the whole farmland is not more than 3cm, then making transverse ditches, vertical ditches and circumferential ditches, and then drilling a plurality of rice seeds with the sowing depth of 3-5 cm;
2) irrigating the first covering water after the rice seeds are sowed in drill, draining the water the next day, and spraying a herbicide;
3) recording the emergence situation of each rice seed when sowing for 9 days, and eliminating the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days, wherein the rice seeds with unqualified emergence rate in 9 days have the emergence rate not more than 10% in 9 days;
4) recording the heading condition of the rice seeds after heading, and eliminating the rice seeds with the sowing initial period less than 55 days and the sowing initial period more than 80 days;
5) harvesting after the rice seeds are mature, calculating the yield, eliminating the rice seeds with the yield of less than 450 and 550kg per mu, and taking the rest rice seeds as direct seeding rice seeds.
2. The screening method of the rice seeds directly planted in the dry land after wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the rice seeds with the yield of less than 450-550 kg/mu and the quality of less than the national standard grade 2 are eliminated in step 5), and the rest rice seeds are directly planted.
3. The screening method of the rice seeds after dry direct sowing after wheat as claimed in claim 2, wherein the rice seeds which are easy to fall down, have the yield of less than 450-550kg per mu and have the quality of less than the national standard grade 2 are eliminated in step 5), the rest rice seeds are the direct sowing rice seeds, and the easy falling down means that the percentage of the number of plants with the inclination of more than 45 degrees to the total number of plants is more than 30%.
4. The screening method of the rice seeds directly sowed on the dry land after wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the row width of the drill in step 1) is 20-25cm, and the row length is 3 m.
5. The screening method of the rice seeds directly sowed by the dry land after the wheat as claimed in claim 1, wherein the sowing amount of the drill in step 1) is 8-10 kg/mu.
6. The screening method for post-wheat dry direct-seeded rice as claimed in claim 1, wherein the herbicide in the step 2) is 25% oxadiazon.
7. The screening method of directly seeded rice after wheat drought as claimed in claim 6, wherein the spraying amount of herbicide is 200-300 mL/mu; adding 40-50kg of water for dilution before spraying.
8. The screening method of the post-wheat dry direct-seeding rice seeds as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 3), the rice seeds with unqualified 9-day emergence rate are rice seeds with 9-day emergence rate not more than 30%.
9. The screening method of post-wheat dry direct-seeded rice seeds as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the seeding period of the drill in the step 1) is 6 months and 15 days.
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CN111328709A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-06-26 重庆市农业科学院 Screening method of high-quality hybrid rice combination

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CN107466752A (en) * 2017-08-01 2017-12-15 山东省水稻研究所 A kind of screening technique of deep seeding tolerance Rice Germplasm Resources
CN109247209A (en) * 2018-08-06 2019-01-22 中国水稻研究所 A kind of suitable efficient method for screening varieties of double cropping of rice machine transplanting of rice harvesting high-quality high-yield
CN109089798A (en) * 2018-08-06 2018-12-28 中国水稻研究所 A kind of suitable double cropping of rice live streaming efficient method for screening varieties of harvesting high-quality high-yield
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108849482A (en) * 2018-08-01 2018-11-23 重庆市农业科学院 A kind of selection of hybrid rice restorer line
CN111328709A (en) * 2020-03-30 2020-06-26 重庆市农业科学院 Screening method of high-quality hybrid rice combination

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