CN113030435B - Soil body vertical crack model observation test device and test method - Google Patents
Soil body vertical crack model observation test device and test method Download PDFInfo
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 13
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- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 19
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000007791 dehumidification Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
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- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/24—Earth materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/44—Sample treatment involving radiation, e.g. heat
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil body vertical crack model observation test device and a test method, wherein the device comprises a bracket, the bracket is vertically fixed, and a soil body container is vertically arranged in the bracket; the soil body container is of a hollow cuboid structure, the observation soil sample is compacted and arranged in the soil body container, and the top of the soil body container is opened; the CIS scanning module is vertically arranged on the bracket in a sliding manner, and an image sensor of the CIS scanning module is tightly attached to the vertical face of the soil body container; the driving mechanism is connected with the CIS scanning module and is used for driving the CIS scanning module to vertically move along the vertical face of the soil body container; according to the invention, the observed soil sample in the soil body container is humidified or dehumidified, so that the observed soil sample generates vertical cracks, and the simulation of the vertical cracks of the soil body is realized; the CIS scanning module is driven by the driving mechanism to vertically slide along the vertical face of the soil body container, so that the acquisition of vertical crack information of an observed soil sample is realized, and the accurate determination of the change of a displacement field in the soil body cracking process is realized; the invention has simple test device and higher precision.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of geotechnical engineering, and particularly relates to a soil body vertical crack model observation test device and a test method.
Background
When the soil body structure is complete, the rainfall infiltration influence depth is limited, but the rainfall infiltration influence depth is influenced by the periodic water content change, and cracks with different degrees can appear in the compacted soil body in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction. On one hand, the occurrence of cracks can damage the structural integrity of soil body to reduce strength, and on the other hand, channels can be provided for moisture infiltration, so that the influence range of the moisture infiltration is increased, and the development of the cracks is further enhanced. Compared with the original soil in the natural side slope which is in a relatively stable state under the action of long-term natural environment, the filling side slope mainly consists of compacted remolded soil, and the structure of the filling side slope is still in a state which is not influenced by natural factors such as dry and wet circulation and the like compared with the original soil, and is in an unstable state, so that dry and wet circulation research on the compacted soil of the filling side slope is more necessary; meanwhile, compared with a horizontal fracture, the vertical fracture has larger influence on the integrity and the structure of the soil body, so that the method has great significance on the regular research of the vertical development of the fracture, is limited by fracture observation means and technical limitations, and has less related research on the vertical development of the fracture.
In the prior art, the transverse fracture test is mainly used, the camera imaging and CT scanning imaging are mainly used as observation means, and the observation method aiming at the vertical fracture is mainly used as field test, so that the repeatability is not strong; in the imaging means, the camera shooting imaging cost is low, continuous observation can be realized, but the imaging quality is greatly influenced by camera pixels, light conditions and environmental disturbance, and the imaging quality is distorted by a camera lens and has a certain negative influence. CT scanning imaging can acquire three-dimensional distribution of a sample, but has high cost, limited sample size and difficult long-time observation.
For a test device (application number: 201220428318.6) for observing the development and evolution process of a fissure in the Chinese patent application, a camera imaging observation test method for a horizontal fissure is disclosed, wherein a sample is small and cannot observe a vertical fissure; the quantitative acquisition method (application number: 201811062789.8) of the texture characteristics of the expansive soil cracks in the Chinese patent application discloses that the three-dimensional crack model can be acquired by observing the soil cracks through a CT imaging test, but the sample is small in size and difficult to continuously observe for a long time.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a device and a method for observing and testing a soil body vertical fracture model, which aim to solve the technical problems that the prior art mainly adopts a transverse fracture test and cannot observe vertical fractures.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a soil body vertical crack model observation test device which comprises a bracket, a soil body container, a CIS scanning module, a driving mechanism and an observation soil sample, wherein the bracket is arranged on the bracket; the support is vertically fixed, and the soil body container is vertically arranged in the support;
The soil body container is of a hollow cuboid structure, the observation soil sample is compacted and arranged in the soil body container, and the top of the soil body container is opened; the CIS scanning module is vertically arranged on the bracket in a sliding manner, and an image sensor of the CIS scanning module is tightly attached to the vertical face of the soil body container; the driving mechanism is connected with the CIS scanning module and is used for driving the CIS scanning module to vertically move along the vertical face of the soil body container.
Furthermore, the soil body container and the bracket are fixed in a non-contact manner; the lower end of the soil body container is contacted with the ground, and a weighing device is arranged between the soil body container and the ground.
Further, the soil sample observation device also comprises a buffer layer, wherein the buffer layer is arranged in the soil body container and is arranged at the top of the observation soil sample; the buffer layer adopts a crushed stone layer or a sand layer.
Further, the soil mass container comprises a heating plate which is tightly attached to the outer side of the soil mass container.
Further, the inner surface of the soil body container is uniformly coated with hydrophobic paint; the vertical surface of observing the soil sample is provided with a reference sand layer, and the reference sand layer is arranged close to one side of the CIS scanning module.
Further, the bracket comprises a guide rail and two transverse supporting frames; the guide rail is vertically fixed on the ground, and the two transverse brackets are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guide rail; the soil body container is vertically arranged between the guide rails and is positioned between the two transverse brackets;
the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a gear belt, the driving motor is connected with the CIS scanning module, and the output end of the driving motor is connected with the gear belt in a matching way; the gear belt is vertically parallel to the guide rail.
The invention also provides a soil body vertical crack model observation test method, which utilizes the soil body vertical crack model observation test device; the method comprises the following steps:
Step 1, pressing and observing a soil sample in a soil container;
Step 2, vertically arranging a soil body container filled with an observation soil sample in a bracket, and installing a CIS scanning module and a driving mechanism according to requirements;
Step 3, humidifying or dehumidifying the observation soil sample, and acquiring a surface scanning image of the observation soil sample in the humidifying or dehumidifying process by using a CIS scanning module;
And 4, processing the surface scanning image of the observed soil sample to obtain an observation result of the soil body vertical fracture model.
Further, the soil body container comprises a panel, a back panel, a bottom panel and two side panels; the panel is vertically parallel to the backboard, and the panel, the backboard, the bottom board and the side boards are surrounded to form a hollow cuboid structure with an opening at the top;
In the step 1, the process of pressing and observing the soil sample in the soil body container is specifically as follows:
step 11, horizontally placing the backboard, fixing two side plates at two ends of the upper surface of the backboard, and fixing the bottom plate between the two side plates; forming a soil sample groove on the upper surface of the backboard by utilizing the bottom board and the side board;
Step 12, adding a soil body to be tested into the soil sample groove, and carrying out block compaction on the soil body to be tested by utilizing a soil compacting device;
Step 13, after roughening the joint positions of the soil body compacted by the blocks, compacting and leveling again to obtain an observation soil sample; then fixing the panel above the backboard, and tightly contacting the lower surface of the panel with the observation soil sample; wherein, the both ends of panel set up fixed draw-in groove, and two curb plates cooperate respectively to set up in the fixed draw-in groove of panel.
Further, the soil pressing device comprises a soil pressing bin and a soil pressing weight; the middle part of the soil pressing bin is provided with a compaction cavity, and the soil pressing weight is matched with the compaction cavity of the soil pressing bin; sliding grooves are formed in two ends of the bottom of the soil pressing bin, and two side plates are respectively matched with the sliding grooves of the soil pressing bin; the width of the compaction cavity is the same as the width of the soil sample groove.
In the step 3, the humidifying operation process is carried out on the observed soil sample, and water is injected into the observed soil sample by adopting an opening at the top of the soil body container; and in the dehumidifying operation process, heating the observation soil sample.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
The invention provides a device and a method for observing and testing a soil body vertical crack model, wherein an observation soil sample is arranged in a soil body container, and the observation soil sample in the soil body container is humidified or dehumidified to generate a vertical crack so as to simulate the soil body vertical crack; the CIS scanning module is driven by the driving mechanism to vertically slide along the vertical face of the soil body container, so that the acquisition of vertical crack information of an observed soil sample is realized, and the accurate determination of the change of a displacement field in the soil body cracking process is realized; by adopting the CIS scanning technology, based on optical scanning imaging, the imaging size is unlimited in the length direction, the imaging quality is high, and imaging distortion caused by lens distortion is avoided; the test device is simple and has higher precision.
Furthermore, by adopting non-contact fixation between the soil body container and the bracket, the soil body container is ensured to be quickly and accurately arranged in the bracket; and a weighing device is arranged at the lower end of the soil body container, so that the humidification or dehumidification process is realized, the mass of the soil body container and an observed soil sample in the soil body container is accurately measured, and the water content state of the soil body in the observed soil sample is accurately determined.
Further, through setting up the buffer layer at the top of observing the soil sample, when carrying out the humidification to the observation soil sample, carry out water injection humidification process to the observation soil sample through soil body container top, utilize the buffer layer to cushion water injection rivers, avoided rivers to survey the scouring damage of soil sample.
Furthermore, the heating plate is arranged on the outer side of the soil body container, and is used for heating the observation soil sample in the soil body container, so that dehumidification of the observation soil sample is realized; the heating plate can uniformly heat the observed soil sample, so that uniform generation and development of vertical cracks of the soil body are ensured, and the simulation process is good in authenticity.
Furthermore, by uniformly brushing the hydrophobic coating on the inner surface of the soil body container, the humidifying process is avoided, and the water flow forms runoff between the contact surface of the observed soil sample and the soil body container, so that the authenticity of the test result is ensured.
Further, the gear belt and the guide rail are vertically arranged in parallel, and the CIS scanning module is driven to vertically and stably lift through the cooperation rotation of the driving motor and the gear belt.
Further, the soil body to be tested is subjected to block compaction on the backboard by adopting the soil compacting device, and the seam position is subjected to secondary compaction after roughening, so that the uniformity of observing the soil sample is effectively improved, and the accuracy of the observation test is improved.
The device and the method for observing and testing the soil body vertical crack model can acquire high-precision image information of occurrence and development processes of the soil body vertical crack to be observed and acquire a displacement field of an observed soil sample in the process; based on CIS scanning technology, the imaging size, especially the length direction, is unlimited, the imaging quality is high, and imaging distortion caused by lens distortion can not occur; the control precision of the sample preparation process is high, a soil sample with uniform dry density can be obtained, and the precision control of the test is facilitated; the invention has high degree of automation, and can realize the automation of the whole test process; based on the machine vision technology and the acquired high-precision image, the invention can acquire the high-precision displacement field change in the soil body cracking process.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a soil body vertical crack model observation test device according to the invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of a soil body container in the test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a soil body receptacle in the test device according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a soil container in a test apparatus according to the present invention
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of the sample preparation process according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic perspective view of an earth compacting device according to the present invention;
Fig. 7 is a schematic bottom view of the soil compacting device of the present invention.
The device comprises a support 1, a soil body container 2, a CIS scanning module 3, a driving mechanism 4, a soil sample observation 5, a buffer layer 6, a weighing device 7 and a soil compacting device 8; 11 guide rails, 12 transverse supporting frames; 21 face plate, 22 back plate, 23 bottom plate, 24 side plate; 41 drive motor, 42 gear belt; 81 soil pressing bins and 82 soil pressing weights.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problems, technical schemes and beneficial effects solved by the invention more clear, the following specific embodiments are used for further describing the invention in detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Examples
As shown in fig. 1-7, the embodiment provides an observation test device for a soil body vertical crack model, which comprises a bracket 1, a soil body container 2, a CIS scanning module 3, a driving mechanism 4, an observation soil sample 5, a buffer 6, a weighing device 7 and a heating plate; the support 1 is vertically fixed on the ground, the soil body container 2 is vertically arranged in the support 1, the support 1 is utilized to limit lateral displacement of the soil body container 2, and the soil body container 2 is ensured to be kept in a vertical state.
The bracket 1 comprises a guide rail 11 and two transverse supporting frames 12, wherein the guide rail 11 is vertically fixed on the ground, and the two transverse nails 12 are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guide rail 11; the soil body container 2 is vertically arranged between the guide rails 11 and is positioned between the two transverse supporting frames 12; in this embodiment, the guide rail 11 is disposed at a side of the wall, and two ends of the guide rail 11 are fixedly connected with the wall.
The soil body container 2 is of a hollow cuboid structure, and the observation soil sample 5 is compactly arranged in the soil body container 2; the top opening of the soil body container 2 is used for injecting water into the observation soil sample 5 to realize humidification operation of the observation soil sample 5; the soil body container 2 comprises a panel 21, a back plate 22, a bottom plate 23 and two side plates 24, wherein the panel 21 and the back plate 22 are vertically arranged in parallel; the two side plates 24 are vertically arranged between the face plate 21 and the back plate 22 in parallel and are positioned at two ends of the face plate 21 and the back plate 22; the bottom plate 23 is horizontally arranged between the two side plates 24 and is positioned at the bottom ends of the front plate 21 and the back plate 22; the panel 21, the backboard 22, the bottom plate 23 and the side plates 24 are surrounded to form a hollow cuboid structure with an opening at the top, wherein the width dimension of the hollow cuboid is far smaller than the length dimension thereof; preferably, two ends of the inner side of the panel 21 are provided with fixed clamping grooves, and two side plates 24 are respectively matched and arranged in the fixed clamping grooves; by providing the fixing groove on the inner side of the panel 21, the middle area of the panel 21 is protruded towards the back plate 22, so that the middle of the panel 21 can be closely contacted with the observation soil sample 5.
The guide rail 11 is arranged at the side edge of the side plate 24, and the guide rail 11 is vertically parallel to the side plate 24; the CIS scanning module 3 is vertically arranged on the guide rail 11 of the bracket 1 in a sliding manner; the image sensor of the CIS scanning module 3 is tightly attached to the panel 21 of the soil container 2 and is used for acquiring vertical crack information of the observed soil sample 5; the coverage area of the CIS scanning module 3 affecting the sensor is matched with the width of the observed soil sample 5, so that the integrity of the acquired image information is ensured.
The driving mechanism 4 is connected with the CIS scanning module 3 and is used for driving the CIS scanning module 3 to vertically move along the panel 21 of the soil body container 2; the driving mechanism 4 comprises a driving motor 41 and a gear belt 42, the driving motor 41 is connected with the CIS scanning module 3, and the output end of the driving motor 41 is connected with the gear belt 42 in a matching way; the gear belt 42 is vertically and parallelly arranged with the guide rail 11, and the CIS scanning module 3 is driven to vertically and stably lift through the cooperation rotation of the driving motor 41 and the gear belt 42.
The buffer layer 6 is arranged in the soil body container 2 and is arranged at the top of the observation soil sample 5; the buffer layer 6 adopts a crushed stone layer or a sand layer, and the thickness of the crushed stone layer or the sand layer is preferably 50mm; through setting up buffer layer 6 at the top of observing soil sample 5, when carrying out the humidification to observing soil sample 5, carry out the water injection humidification process to observing soil sample 5 through soil body container 2 top, utilize buffer layer 6 to cushion the water injection rivers, avoided the rivers to survey the scour damage of soil sample 5.
The soil body container 2 is fixed with the bracket 1 in a non-contact manner, and the lower end of the soil body container 2 is contacted with the ground; a weighing device 7 is arranged between the soil body container 2 and the ground; in the embodiment, the weighing device 7 comprises two S-shaped pressure sensors which are uniformly arranged between the soil body container 2 and the ground and are fixedly connected with the ground through bolts; by adopting non-contact fixation between the soil body container 2 and the bracket 1, the soil body container 2 can be ensured to be quickly and accurately installed in the bracket 1; and the weighing device 7 is arranged at the lower end of the soil body container 2, so that the humidification or dehumidification process is realized, the mass of the soil body container 2 and the observed soil sample 5 therein is accurately measured, and the accurate determination of the water content state of the soil body in the observed soil sample 5 is further realized.
The heating plate is closely arranged on the outer side of the soil body container 2 and is arranged on one side far away from the CIS scanning module 3; the heating plate is arranged on the outer side of the soil body container 2, and is used for heating the observation soil sample 5 in the soil body container 2, so that dehumidification of the observation soil sample 5 is realized; the heating plate can uniformly heat the observation soil sample 5, so that uniform generation and development of vertical cracks of the soil body are ensured, and the simulation process is good in authenticity; preferably, the heating plate is a carbon fiber heating plate.
The inner surface of the soil body container 2 is uniformly coated with the hydrophobic coating, so that the humidifying process is avoided, and water flow forms runoff between the contact surfaces of the observation soil sample 5 and the soil body container 2 by uniformly coating the inner surface of the soil body container 2; the vertical surface of the observation soil sample 5 is provided with a reference sand layer, and the reference sand layer is arranged close to one side of the CIS scanning module 3.
In this embodiment, the CIS scanning module 3, the weighing device 7, the heating plate and the driving motor 42 are respectively connected with a computer, and the working states of the driving motor 42 and the heating plate are precisely controlled by the computer, and the results of the CIS scanning module and the weighing device 7 are obtained and recorded.
The embodiment also provides a soil body vertical crack model observation test method, which comprises the following steps:
step 1, pressing an observation soil sample 5 in a soil container 2;
the process of pressing and observing the soil sample 5 in the soil container 2 is specifically as follows:
Step 11, horizontally placing the backboard 22, fixing two side plates 24 on two ends of the upper surface of the backboard 22, and fixing the floor 23 between the two side plates 24; forming a soil sample groove on the upper surface of the back plate 22 by using a bottom plate 23 and a side plate 24;
Step 12, adding a soil body to be tested into the soil sample groove, and carrying out block compaction on the soil body to be tested by utilizing a soil compacting device 8;
Step 13, re-compacting and leveling after roughening the joint positions of the soil body compacted by the blocks to obtain an observation soil sample 5; then the panel 21 is fixed above the backboard 22 in parallel, and the lower surface of the panel 21 is closely contacted with the observation soil sample 5; wherein, the two ends of the panel 21 are provided with fixing slots, and the two side plates 24 are respectively matched and arranged in the fixing slots of the panel 21.
In this embodiment, the soil compacting device 8 includes a soil compacting bin 81 and a soil compacting weight 82; the middle part of the soil pressing bin 81 is provided with a compaction cavity, and the soil pressing weight 82 is matched with the compaction cavity of the soil pressing bin 81; sliding grooves are formed in two ends of the bottom of the soil pressing bin 81, and two side plates 24 are respectively matched with the sliding grooves of the soil pressing bin 81; the width of the compaction cavity is the same as that of the soil sample groove; preferably, a handle is provided at the upper end of the weight 82.
Step 2, vertically arranging a soil body container 2 filled with an observation soil sample 5 in a bracket 1, and installing a CIS scanning module 3 and a driving mechanism 4 according to requirements;
Step 3, humidifying or dehumidifying the observation soil sample 5, and acquiring a surface scanning image of the observation soil sample 5 in the humidifying or dehumidifying process through the CIS scanning module 5; wherein, the humidifying operation process is carried out on the observation soil sample 5, and water is injected into the observation soil sample 5 by adopting an opening at the top of the soil body container 2; the water is slowly permeated from the top through injecting the water into the top of the soil body container 2 in the process of simulating actual rainfall infiltration, and if gaps appear between soil and the side plates, runoffs can be formed, and a part of water can flow downwards through the gaps, so that the reality of the simulation is reduced; in the dehumidifying operation, the observation soil sample 5 is heated.
And 4, processing the surface scanning image of the observed soil sample 5 by utilizing a machine vision technology to obtain an observation result of the soil body vertical fracture model.
In the present embodiment, the size and model characteristics of each component are described below:
In this embodiment, the front panel 21, the back panel 22, the bottom panel 23 and the side panels 24 are transparent acrylic panels; the panel 21 and the bottom plate 23 or the side plate 24 are adhered and fixed by adopting an adhesive, and the back plate 22 and the bottom plate 23 or the side plate 24 are adhered and fixed by adopting an adhesive; the dimensions of the faceplate 21 and backplate 22 are the same, wherein the backplate 22 is characterized by: length x width x thickness = 2000mm x 300mm x 10mm; the depth of the fixing clamping grooves at the two ends of the panel 21 is 2mm, and the width is 25mm; the dimensional characteristics of the side plates 24 are: length x width x thickness = 2000mm x 25mm x 12mm; the size characteristics of the soil sample groove in the soil body container 2 are as follows: length x width x thickness = 2000mm x 250mm x 12mm.
The outer wall size characteristics of the soil compacting bin 81 are: length x width x thickness = 350mm x 200mm x 100mm, the compaction chamber dimensions of the earth-compacting bin 81 are characterized by: length x width x thickness = 250mm x 150mm x 90mm; in this embodiment, the width of the inner wall of the soil compacting bin 81 is equal to the width of the soil sample groove in the soil container 2.
The working principle and the using method are as follows:
the invention relates to a soil body vertical fracture model observation test device and a test method, wherein the implementation process comprises two parts of soil sample pressing and test observation; wherein, the soil sample pressing process comprises the following steps:
(1) The backboard of the soil body container is horizontally placed on the ground, two side plates are respectively adhered to two ends of the upper surface of the backboard through an adhesive, a fixed bottom plate is adhered between the two side plates, and the bottom plate is arranged at the lower end of the bottom plate; and forming a soil sample groove on the upper surface of the backboard by utilizing the bottom board and the side boards.
(2) A layer of hydrophobic paint is uniformly coated on the panel, the bottom plate, the side edges and the back plate respectively, so that runoff is prevented from being formed on the contact surface of the observed soil sample and the soil body container by water injection flow in the test process.
(3) The soil pressing bin is placed on the two side plates, the sliding grooves at the two ends of the bottom of the soil pressing bin are tightly matched with the side edges, and the soil pressing bin is ensured to slide along the length direction of the backboard.
(4) Aligning the inner walls at two ends of a compaction cavity of the soil compacting bin with the inner walls at two ends of the soil sample groove; taking the mass of soil to be tested according to the requirement, and uniformly inverting the soil mass into the soil sample groove; the soil mass to be tested is compacted to a height of 12mm in a blocking way through the soil compacting weight; the soil body to be tested is weighed according to the following formula:
m＝ρd·w·V
Wherein m is the required soil mass to be tested, ρ d is the target dry density, w is the soil mass water content, and V is the target volume, wherein in this embodiment, the volume of the soil mass to be tested is v=250 mm×150mm×10mm.
(5) And the soil pressing bin is slid forwards to the inner wall of the bottom plate and is overlapped with the upper surface of the pressed soil body, and the soil body to be tested is repeatedly compacted until the two-dimensional soil column height reaches the design height.
(6) And roughening the joint positions compacted by the blocks and then compacting again to ensure tight joint splicing and obtain an observation soil sample.
(7) Uniformly scattering a layer of medium sand with the grain diameter of 0.5mm on the upper surface of an observation soil sample 5, wherein the medium sand is used as a reference sand layer for observing the displacement field effect of the cracking process of the soil body of the soil sample; wherein, the middle sand adopts dyeing sand.
(8) The panel was mounted, and a 12mm high soil sample was hydrostatic pressed to 10mm using the panel, and the panel was fixed by bolts.
(9) Erecting a soil body container filled with an observation soil sample; the wall is stuck to the wall surface and is fixed on the bracket; adding a crushed stone layer or a sand layer with the thickness of 50mm into a soil body container to serve as a buffer layer; the buffer layer is arranged at the upper end of the observation soil sample, so that the observation soil sample is prevented from being damaged by the hydraulic flushing action.
The vertical crack observation test process specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) Fixing a bracket containing a guide rail on a wall body through bolts, and fixing a gear belt and a heating plate on a designed position;
(2) The two S-shaped pressure sensors are fixed at the ground design position through bolts;
(3) The soil body container after the sample preparation is arranged in the bracket and on the S-shaped pressure sensor, the lateral displacement of the soil body container is restrained through the two transverse supporting frames, and meanwhile, the vertical displacement is not restrained, so that weighing is prevented from being influenced.
(4) Installing a CIS scanning module and a driving mechanism, debugging the up-down sliding property of the CIS scanning module, and adjusting the interval between the CIS scanning module and the vertical face of the soil body container, so that an image sensor of the CIS scanning module is clung to the vertical face of the soil body container as much as possible, but is not contacted with the vertical face of the soil body container;
(5) The driving mechanism, the CIS scanning module, the weighing device and the heating plate are respectively connected with a computer, and the driving control, the scanning imaging, the weighing reading and the heating temperature control are respectively debugged;
(6) Injecting purified water into the upper part of the soil body container, and monitoring the quality of water injected by the weighing module so as to realize the humidifying process; heating and accelerating evaporation are carried out on the soil body of the observed soil sample by controlling the temperature of the heating plate, and the evaporation quality of water is monitored by the weighing device so as to realize the dehumidification process;
(7) And in the humidifying and dehumidifying process, a soil body surface high-definition scanning image of an observation soil sample is acquired through a CIS scanning module at regular time, and meanwhile, the image is associated with the recorded quality so as to count the soil body water content state corresponding to the image.
(8) Based on the machine vision technology, the positions of the dyeing sand in the image are identified, and the development of the displacement field in the soil body cracking process is obtained.
Because the size of the vertical fissure requires to observe the soil sample is larger than that of a common transverse fissure, an optical scanning mode is adopted for imaging, the size of the sample is not limited, and the observation requirement of the vertical fissure is met; meanwhile, continuous observation CT imaging on a large-size observation soil sample cannot be realized, and when the size of a sample is large, the digital camera imaging needs to be far away to be fully shot, so that the imaging precision is easy to be insufficient; distortion of the wide-angle lens can affect quality; in the invention, the CIS scanning module is adopted to acquire the vertical fracture image information, so that the observation of the vertical fracture can be realized, and the imaging quality is better.
According to the soil body vertical crack model observation test device and the test method, the support is arranged and used for supporting the soil body container and other components; the lateral displacement of the soil body container is restrained through the transverse supporting frame, the vertical displacement of the soil body container is not limited at the same time so as to avoid influencing weighing, and the whole bracket is fixed on a wall body through bolts; the soil body container is made by splicing transparent acrylic plates, wherein groove areas with the thickness of 2mm are arranged at the two ends of the panel, so that the soil body and the panel are tightly attached after the installation is completed. After the soil body to be tested is pressed into the soil body container and the panel is fixed through the bolts, the soil body to be tested is integrally placed on the weighing device; the CIS scanning module is arranged on the guide rail, the image sensor of the CIS scanning module is clung to the surface of the soil body container, and the CIS scanning module can slide up and down through the guide rail.
The invention can acquire the high-precision image information of the occurrence and development processes of the vertical cracks of the soil body to be observed, and acquire the displacement field of the observed soil sample in the process; based on CIS scanning technology, the imaging size, especially the length direction, is unlimited, the imaging quality is high, and imaging distortion caused by lens distortion can not occur; the control precision of the sample preparation process is high, a soil sample with uniform dry density can be obtained, and the precision control of the test is facilitated; the invention has high degree of automation, and can realize the automation of the whole test process; based on the machine vision technology and the acquired high-precision image, the invention can acquire the high-precision displacement field change in the soil body cracking process.
The above embodiment is only one of the implementation manners capable of implementing the technical solution of the present invention, and the scope of the claimed invention is not limited to the embodiment, but also includes any changes, substitutions and other implementation manners easily recognized by those skilled in the art within the technical scope of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. A soil body vertical crack model observation test method is characterized in that a soil body vertical crack model observation test device is utilized; the soil body vertical fracture model observation test device comprises a bracket (1), a soil body container (2), a CIS scanning module (3), a driving mechanism (4) and an observation soil sample (5); the support (1) is vertically fixed, and the soil body container (2) is vertically arranged in the support (1);
The soil body container (2) is of a hollow cuboid structure, the observation soil sample (5) is compactly arranged in the soil body container (2), and the top of the soil body container (2) is opened; the soil body container (2) comprises a face plate (21), a back plate (22), a bottom plate (23) and two side plates (24); the panel (21) is vertically parallel to the back plate (22), and the panel (21), the back plate (22), the bottom plate (23) and the side plates (24) are surrounded to form a hollow cuboid structure with an opening at the top; the CIS scanning module (3) is vertically arranged on the bracket (1) in a sliding manner, and an image sensor of the CIS scanning module (3) is tightly attached to the vertical face of the soil body container (2); the driving mechanism (4) is connected with the CIS scanning module (3) and is used for driving the CIS scanning module (3) to vertically move along the vertical face of the soil body container (2);
The soil mass container (2) is arranged on the outer side of the soil mass container;
the inner surface of the soil body container (2) is uniformly coated with hydrophobic paint; a reference sand layer is arranged on the vertical surface of the observation soil sample (5), and the reference sand layer is arranged close to one side of the CIS scanning module (3);
The device also comprises a buffer layer (6), wherein the buffer layer (6) is arranged in the soil body container (2) and is arranged at the top of the observation soil sample (5); the buffer layer (6) adopts a crushed stone layer or a sand layer;
The observation test method for the soil body vertical fracture model comprises the following steps:
step 1, pressing an observation soil sample (5) in a soil container (2);
Step 2, vertically arranging a soil body container (2) filled with an observation soil sample (5) in a bracket (1), and installing a CIS scanning module (3) and a driving mechanism (4) according to requirements;
step 3, humidifying or dehumidifying the observation soil sample (5), and acquiring a surface scanning image of the observation soil sample (5) in the humidifying or dehumidifying process by using the CIS scanning module (3);
Step 4, processing the surface scanning image of the observed soil sample (5) to obtain an observation result of the soil body vertical fracture model;
In the step 1, the process of pressing the observation soil sample (5) in the soil body container (2) is specifically as follows:
Step 11, horizontally placing the backboard (22), fixing two side plates (24) at two ends of the upper surface of the backboard (22), and fixing a bottom plate (23) between the two side plates (24); forming a soil sample groove on the upper surface of the back plate (22) by utilizing a bottom plate (23) and a side plate (24);
Step 12, adding a soil body to be tested into the soil sample groove, and carrying out block compaction on the soil body to be tested by utilizing a soil compacting device (8); the soil pressing device (8) comprises a soil pressing bin (81) and a soil pressing weight (82); the middle part of the soil pressing bin (81) is provided with a compaction cavity, and the soil pressing weight (82) is matched and arranged in the compaction cavity of the soil pressing bin (81); the two ends of the bottom of the soil pressing bin (81) are provided with sliding grooves, and the two side plates (24) are respectively matched and arranged in the sliding grooves of the soil pressing bin (81); the width of the compaction cavity is the same as that of the soil sample groove;
Step 13, re-compacting and leveling after roughening the joint positions of the soil body compacted by the blocks to obtain an observation soil sample (5); then fixing the panel (21) above the backboard (22), wherein the lower surface of the panel (21) is tightly contacted with the observation soil sample (5); wherein, two ends of the panel (21) are provided with fixed clamping grooves, and two side plates (24) are respectively matched and arranged in the fixed clamping grooves of the panel (21);
in the step 3, the humidifying operation process is carried out on the observation soil sample (5), and water is injected into the observation soil sample (5) by adopting an opening at the top of the soil body container (2); in the dehumidifying operation process, the observation soil sample (5) is heated.
2. The observation test method for the soil body vertical crack model according to claim 1 is characterized in that non-contact fixation is adopted between a soil body container (2) and a bracket (1); the lower end of the soil body container (2) is contacted with the ground, and a weighing device (7) is arranged between the soil body container (2) and the ground.
3. The observation test method for the soil body vertical crack model according to claim 1, wherein the bracket (1) comprises a guide rail (11) and two transverse supporting frames (12); the guide rail (11) is vertically fixed on the ground, and two transverse brackets (12) are respectively arranged at the upper end and the lower end of the guide rail (11); the soil body container (2) is vertically arranged between the guide rails (11) and is positioned between the two transverse brackets (12);
The driving mechanism (4) comprises a driving motor (41) and a gear belt (42), the driving motor (41) is connected with the CIS scanning module (3), and the output end of the driving motor (41) is connected with the gear belt (42) in a matching way; the gear belt (42) is vertically arranged in parallel with the guide rail (11).
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