CN107621524B - Transparent soil model test device and test method for simulating tunnel excavation deformation - Google Patents
Transparent soil model test device and test method for simulating tunnel excavation deformation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a transparent soil model test device and a transparent soil model test method for simulating tunnel excavation deformation. The apparatus includes a transparent mold box that can be fixed to an optical platform, as well as a thin-walled rubber cylinder and a drain. The transparent model box is spliced into a box body by plates. The two side walls of the box body are provided with circular openings. And an opening is formed in the edge of the bottom surface of one side of the thin-wall rubber cylinder. The thin-walled rubber cylinder passes through an opening in the transparent mold box. And the drain pipe is provided with a valve. The drain pipe is connected to an opening on the thin-wall rubber cylinder. Two industrial cameras and two laser transmitters are arranged outside the transparent model box. During the test, the valve on the drain pipe is opened, and the water in the thin-wall rubber cylinder is drained into a graduated beaker in a graded manner. The two laser transmitters emit laser to form two transparent soil speckle fields in the transparent soil. The industrial camera records changes in the transparent soil speckle field.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tunnel and underground engineering visualization tests, in particular to a transparent soil model test device and a transparent soil model test method for simulating tunnel excavation deformation.
Background
With the rapid development of economy, tunnel projects in China have unprecedented development opportunities, including various tunnel projects such as highway tunnels, railway tunnels, hydraulic tunnels, urban subways and the like. However, when the tunnel engineering is rapidly developed, many challenges will also come up; the problem of deformation and damage of tunnel engineering during construction is one of the problems of great concern to engineers.
The problem of deformation and damage of the tunnel is a three-dimensional problem that the properties of surrounding rocks, external loads and boundary conditions are very complex, the existing mathematical mechanics method can only provide analytical solutions for tunnel engineering with simple shapes and simplified boundary conditions, and the obtained analytical solutions can not be verified by field measured data and model tests. Many analytical conclusions come from field measurements, numerical analysis, and model testing. The model test is a physical model entity, so that the change conditions of a stress field and a displacement field in an actual working condition can be reflected more truly and visually on the premise of meeting the similarity principle, and complex mathematical mechanics derivation can be avoided. Engineers can more easily and comprehensively master the characteristics of the overall deformation and stability of the geotechnical engineering.
The traditional indoor model test can only observe the macroscopic deformation of the model and the change rule of a boundary region, and the deformation characteristic inside the model cannot be directly observed. The transparent soil test technology can realize the visual research of the problems of three-dimensional deformation, strength and the like of the model, and provides effective technical support for researching the deformation rule and the damage mechanism of the surrounding rock caused by tunnel excavation.
The artificially synthesized transparent soil material has physical and mechanical properties similar to those of a real soil body and has good transparency. The PIV technology can accurately measure the displacement field of the soil body. The tunnel model test based on the transparent soil experimental material is helpful for comprehensively knowing the development rule of tunnel excavation deformation, and provides reliable scientific basis for optimizing tunnel design and construction scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a transparent soil model test device for simulating tunnel excavation deformation, which is characterized in that:
the device mainly comprises a transparent model box, a rubber thin-wall circular tube, a water drainage pipe, an industrial camera I, an industrial camera II, a laser emitter I, a laser emitter II and an optical platform.
The transparent model box is a hollow cuboid made of transparent materials, the upper end of the transparent model box is open, and the four side surfaces of the transparent model box are respectively defined as a front side surface, a rear side surface, a left side surface and a right side surface. The lower end of the transparent mold box is placed on the optical platform. The front side and the rear side of the transparent model box are respectively provided with a round opening I and a round opening II.
The rubber thin-wall round pipe is a water-filled rubber pipe. And the two ends of the rubber thin-wall circular tube are respectively embedded into the circular opening I and the circular opening II.
The end face of the rubber thin-wall round pipe embedded into the front side face of the transparent model box is provided with a round opening for connecting a drain pipe. The drain pipe is provided with a valve.
The space inside the transparent mold box can be used for filling transparent soil.
The support frames of the laser emitter I and the laser emitter II are arranged on the optical platform, and the height and the horizontal position of the support frames are adjustable. And the laser emitter I and the laser emitter II emit laser to the back side surface and the right side surface of the transparent model box.
The industrial camera I and the industrial camera II are arranged on the optical platform, and the height and the horizontal position of the industrial camera I and the industrial camera II are adjustable. The industrial camera I and the industrial camera II respectively shoot the top surface and the left side surface of the transparent model box.
Further, the transparent model box is made of organic glass. The left and right side panels and the bottom panel are bonded together. The front side panel and the rear side panel where the round opening I and the round opening II are located are connected to the left side panel, the right side panel and the bottom plate through bolts. The two side panels are detachable.
Further, the circular opening I and the circular opening II simulate a tunnel hole. The positions of the tunnel hole simulated by the rubber thin-wall circular tube, the positions of the circular opening I and the circular opening II can be designed according to different working conditions so as to meet the test requirements.
Further, a water stop strip is pasted between the joints of the panels at the bolt joint to prevent liquid in the transparent soil from seeping out.
Further, the outer diameter of the thin-wall rubber cylinder, the diameter of the circular opening I and the diameter of the circular opening II are the same.
The length of the thin-wall rubber cylinder is the same as the length between the outer walls of the front panel and the rear panel of the transparent model box.
The invention also discloses a test method adopting the test device, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And manufacturing a transparent model box, a thin-wall rubber cylinder and a drain pipe according to the designed size.
2) The thin-wall rubber cylinder is filled with water and placed upside down with the bottom surface of the opening facing upwards.
3) And connecting the thin-wall rubber cylinder with a drain pipe, and performing waterproof sealing treatment on the joint.
4) And (3) penetrating the thin-wall rubber cylinder through the opening of the transparent model box, placing the thin-wall rubber cylinder in the box body, and performing waterproof sealing treatment on the interface.
5) Preparing transparent soil in a transparent model box to a designed height. Standing for 24 hours after the preparation is finished.
6) An industrial camera and a laser transmitter are arranged and adjusted.
7) And controlling a valve on the drain pipe to discharge the water in the thin-wall rubber round pipe for times. After water in the thin-wall rubber circular tube is discharged every time, when the speckle field in the transparent soil is stable, an industrial camera is used for shooting. And adjusting the horizontal position and the height of the laser emitter to acquire transparent soil section images at different positions after the ith drainage. Until all the water in the thin-wall rubber round pipe is discharged.
8) And (5) storing the picture, closing the laser emitter and arranging the test equipment.
9) And (4) processing the test image by using a PIV technology to obtain a displacement vector diagram of each section of the transparent soil.
7. A test method according to claim 6, characterized in that: after step 1), there is also a related step of scrubbing the transparent mold box side walls.
The invention overcomes the defect that the traditional tunnel model test can only obtain macroscopic deformation and boundary region deformation, and the technical effects are undoubtedly:
a) The visual measurement of the deformation of the soil around the tunnel is realized, and the non-plug-in measurement can be performed on the development change of the displacement field of the soil around the tunnel in the process of simulating excavation;
b) The true three-dimensional displacement field of the deformation of the soil around the tunnel can be obtained through the measurement of the multi-section soil displacement field;
c) The excavation process can be simulated by controlling the water displacement;
d) The model box is assembled by three parts, can set up required operating mode according to the experimental demand, need not repeatedly processed. The testing device has small size, reasonable system setting and convenient test operation.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a transparent mold box;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a rubber thin-walled cylinder;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of a drain;
FIG. 4 is a schematic plan view of a laser during an experiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the test apparatus.
In the figure: the device comprises a transparent model box 1, a circular opening I101, a circular opening II102, transparent soil 2, a rubber thin-wall circular tube 3, a circular opening 301, a water drainage pipe 4, a valve 401, an industrial camera I5, an industrial camera II50, a laser emitter I6, a laser emitter II60 and an optical platform 7.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples, but it should be understood that the scope of the subject matter described above is not limited to the following examples. Various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the invention and the scope of the invention is covered by the present invention according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.
Example 1:
the utility model provides a transparent soil model test device that simulation tunnel excavation warp which characterized in that:
the device mainly comprises a transparent model box 1, a rubber thin-wall round pipe 3, a water discharge pipe 4, an industrial camera I5, an industrial camera II50, a laser emitter I6, a laser emitter II60 and an optical platform 7.
Referring to fig. 1, the transparent model case 1 is made of a transparent model case made of plates, wherein the transparent model case is formed by splicing the plates into a whole and is made of organic glass, the upper end of the transparent model case is open, and four sides of the transparent model case are respectively defined as a front side, a rear side, a left side and a right side (the definition is for convenience of description and expresses the position relation of the four sides). The transparent model box 1 is made of organic glass. The left and right side panels and the bottom panel are bonded together. Two side panels where the round opening I101 and the round opening II102 are located are connected to the left side panel, the right side panel and the bottom panel through bolts. The two side panels are detachable. And water stop strips are adhered to the joints of the bolt joints between the panels to prevent liquid in the transparent soil 2 from seeping out.
The lower end of the transparent mold box 1 rests on an optical platform 7. The transparent model box 1 has a circular opening I101 and a circular opening II102 on the front and rear sides thereof, respectively.
Referring to fig. 5 and fig. 2, the rubber thin-wall circular tube 3 is a rubber tube filled with water. The two ends of the rubber thin-wall circular tube 3 are respectively embedded into the round opening I101 and the round opening II102. The round opening I101, the round opening II102 and the rubber thin-wall circular tube 3 simulate a tunnel hole. The positions of the simulated tunnel holes, i.e. the positions of the circular openings I101 and II102, may be designed according to different working conditions in order to meet the test requirements. The outer diameter of the thin-wall rubber cylinder 3, the diameter of the circular opening I101 and the diameter of the circular opening II102 are the same. The length of the thin-wall rubber cylinder 3 is the same as the length between the outer walls of the front panel and the rear panel of the transparent model box 1.
Referring to fig. 4, the end surface of the rubber thin-wall round tube 3 close to the front side surface of the transparent mold case 1 is provided with a round opening 301 for connecting the drain pipe 4. The drain pipe 4 is provided with a valve 401.
The space inside the transparent model box 1 can be used to fill with transparent soil 2.
The supporting frames of the laser emitter I6 and the laser emitter II60 are arranged on the optical platform 7, and the height and the horizontal position of the supporting frames are adjustable. The laser emitter I6 and the laser emitter II60 emit laser light to the rear side and the right side of the transparent mold box 1.
The supporting frames of the industrial camera I5 and the industrial camera II50 are arranged on the optical platform 7, and the height and the horizontal position of the supporting frames are adjustable. The industrial camera I5 and the industrial camera II50 photograph the top surface and the left side surface of the transparent mold box 1, respectively. And a reserved screw hole is formed in the optical platform 7. The bracket is fixed on the optical platform 7 by bolts.
During the test, the thin-wall rubber cylinder 3 is filled with water. The thin-walled rubber cylinder 3 is placed through an opening 101 in a transparent mold 1 before the transparent soil 2 is placed. The water in the thin-walled rubber cylinder 3 is discharged through a valve 401 on the water discharge pipe 4. The two laser transmitters 8 emit laser to irradiate the transparent model box 1 to form laser sections of a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, and two transparent soil speckle fields in orthogonal directions are formed in the transparent soil 2. The shooting direction of the industrial camera 5 is perpendicular to the laser plane, and changes of the transparent soil speckle field are recorded.
It should be noted that the valve 401 on the water discharge pipe 4 can be controlled to control the amount of water discharged, so as to simulate the process of tunnel excavation deformation. The deformation of the tunnel in the excavation process can be known more deeply and intuitively. And after the transparent soil is deformed stably, an industrial camera is adopted to shoot a laser plane, and a real three-dimensional displacement field of the tunnel excavation deformation is obtained through analysis, so that the visual measurement of the tunnel excavation deformation can be realized.
Example 2:
the embodiment discloses a test method based on the test device in embodiment 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) And manufacturing a transparent model box 1, a thin-wall rubber cylinder 3 and a drain pipe 4 according to the designed size.
2) The thin-walled rubber cylinder 3 is filled with water and placed upside down with the bottom surface of the opening 301 facing upward.
3) The thin-walled rubber cylinder 3 is connected with a drain pipe 4, and the joint is subjected to waterproof sealing treatment.
4) The thin-wall rubber cylinder 3 penetrates through the opening 101 of the transparent model box 1 and is placed in the box body, and waterproof sealing treatment is carried out on the opening.
5) Transparent soil 2 is prepared in a transparent model box 1 to a designed height. Standing for 24 hours after the preparation is finished. In the embodiment, the preparation method of the transparent soil 2 comprises the following steps: the prepared mixture of white oil and n-dodecane was poured into the transparent mold box 1. Then, the fused silica sand solid particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm are scattered. And (3) spreading the fused quartz sand particles layer by layer, wherein the thickness of each layer is 30mm, the spreading process is slow, and after one layer is spread, stirring the transparent soil to lead out bubbles mixed in the transparent soil, so as to prevent the bubbles from influencing the refractive index of the transparent soil until the liquid level of the transparent soil is 30mm away from the upper edge of the transparent model box 1.
6) Arranging and adjusting the industrial camera 5 and the laser transmitters 6 to enable the two laser transmitters 6 to transmit laser to irradiate the transparent model box 1 to form laser sections of a vertical plane and a horizontal plane, and forming two transparent soil speckle fields in the orthogonal directions in the transparent soil 2. Arranging and combining the industrial camera 5, and enabling the shooting direction of the industrial camera 5 to be vertical to the laser plane to obtain the optimal visual angle.
7) The laboratory illumination source is turned off and the valve 401 on the drain 4 is opened. In this embodiment, the water in the circular rubber thin-walled tube 3 is discharged in several times. And (3) discharging water into a graduated beaker, and controlling the water discharge amount to be the same every time. After each drainage, the industrial camera 5 is used to take a picture after the speckle field is stabilized in the transparent soil 2. On the premise of ensuring that the positions of the two laser transmitters are vertical in different planes, the positions of the laser transmitters 6 are adjusted to obtain speckle images of different positions in the soil body of the transparent soil 2 under the stage of displacement until drainage is finished each time.
8) And storing the pictures, closing the laser emitter 6 and finishing the test equipment.
9) And (3) processing the test image by using a PIV technology to obtain a displacement vector diagram of each section of the transparent soil 2 in the tunnel excavation deformation process, and performing multiple tests to obtain a three-dimensional displacement field with different water displacement tunnel deformations.
Claims (4)
1. A test method of a transparent soil model test device for simulating tunnel excavation deformation is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) Manufacturing a transparent model box (1), a thin-wall rubber cylinder (3) and a drain pipe (4) according to the design size, wherein the transparent model box (1) is a hollow cuboid made of transparent materials, the upper end of the transparent model box is open, and the four side surfaces of the transparent model box are respectively defined as a front side, a rear side, a left side and a right side; the lower end of the transparent model box (1) is placed on the optical platform (7); the front side and the rear side of the transparent model box (1) are respectively provided with a round opening I (101) and a round opening II (102); the front side panel and the rear side panel where the round opening I (101) and the round opening II (102) are positioned are connected to the left side panel, the right side panel and the bottom plate by bolts; the two side panels can be disassembled; the round opening I (101), the round opening II (102) and the rubber thin-wall round pipe (3) simulate a tunnel hole; the positions of the simulated tunnel holes, namely the positions of the circular opening holes I (101) and the circular opening holes II (102), can be designed according to different working conditions so as to meet the test requirements;
the rubber thin-wall round pipe (3) is a water-filled rubber pipe; the two ends of the rubber thin-wall circular tube (3) are respectively embedded into the round opening I (101) and the round opening II (102);
the end surface of the rubber thin-wall round tube (3) close to the front side surface of the transparent model box (1) is provided with a round opening (301) for connecting a drain pipe (4); the water discharge pipe (4) is provided with a valve (401);
the space inside the transparent model box (1) can be used for filling transparent soil (2);
2) Filling water into the thin-wall rubber cylinder (3), and placing the thin-wall rubber cylinder upside down to enable the surface where the opening (301) is located to face upwards;
3) Connecting the thin-wall rubber cylinder (3) with a drain pipe (4), and performing waterproof sealing treatment on the connection part;
4) A thin-wall rubber cylinder (3) penetrates through an opening (101) of a transparent model box (1), is placed in a box body, and waterproof sealing treatment is carried out on an interface;
5) Preparing transparent soil (2) in a transparent model box (1) to a designed height; standing for 24 hours after the preparation is finished; the preparation method of the transparent soil (2) comprises the following steps: pouring the prepared mixed solution of white oil and n-dodecane into a transparent model box (1); then scattering fused quartz sand solid particles with the particle size of 0.1-0.5 mm; the fused quartz sand particles are spread layer by layer, the thickness of each layer is 30mm, the spreading process needs to be slow, after one layer is spread, the transparent soil is stirred to lead out the bubbles mixed in the transparent soil, the bubbles are prevented from influencing the refractive index of the transparent soil, and the distance from the liquid surface of the transparent soil to the upper edge of the transparent model box (1) is 30mm;
6) Arranging and adjusting an industrial camera (5) and a laser transmitter (6); the support frames of the laser emitter I (6) and the laser emitter II (60) are arranged on the optical platform (7), and the height and the horizontal position of the support frames are adjustable; the laser emitter I (6) and the laser emitter II (60) emit laser to the rear side face and the right side face of the transparent model box (1);
the supporting frames of the industrial camera I (5) and the industrial camera II (50) are arranged on the optical platform (7), and the height and the horizontal position of the supporting frames are adjustable; the industrial camera I (5) and the industrial camera II (50) respectively shoot the top surface and the left side surface of the transparent model box (1);
7) Controlling a valve (401) on the water discharge pipe (4) to discharge the water in the thin-wall rubber round pipe (3) for a plurality of times; after water in the thin-wall rubber circular tube (3) is discharged every time, shooting by using an industrial camera (5) when the speckle field in the transparent soil (2) is stable; adjusting the horizontal position and the height of the laser emitter (6) to obtain transparent soil section images at different positions after the ith drainage; until all water in the thin-wall rubber round pipe (3) is discharged;
8) Saving the picture, closing the laser emitter (6), and arranging the test equipment;
9) And (3) processing the test image by using a PIV technology to obtain a displacement vector diagram of each section of the transparent soil (2).
2. The test method of the transparent soil model test device for simulating tunnel excavation deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: after step 1), there is also the associated step of scrubbing the side walls of the transparent mold box (1).
3. The test method of the transparent soil model test device for simulating tunnel excavation deformation according to claim 1, characterized in that: and water stop strips are stuck between the joints of the panels at the bolt joints to prevent liquid in the transparent soil (2) from seeping out.
4. The test method of the transparent soil model test device for simulating tunnel excavation deformation according to claim 1 or 3, characterized in that: the outer diameter of the thin-wall rubber cylinder (3), the diameter of the round opening I (101) and the diameter of the round opening II (102) are the same;
the length of the thin-wall rubber cylinder (3) is the same as the length between the outer walls of the front panel and the rear panel of the transparent model box (1).
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| CN108627114A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-09 | 宁波大学 | Inside soil body visualization of 3 d deformation measurement method |
| CN109060534A (en) * | 2018-08-22 | 2018-12-21 | 天津大学 | A kind of transparent native experimental rig of simulation tunnel excavation face unstability |
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| CN109507033A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-22 | 天津大学 | A kind of optical platform tested for simulating the transparent soil model of tunnel excavation |
| CN109490081A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-19 | 天津大学 | A kind of transparent soil model experimental rig and test method for simulating tunnel excavation |
| CN111948046A (en) * | 2020-07-30 | 2020-11-17 | 山东大学 | Anchor plate drawing test device, system and method based on transparent soil |
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