CN112979368A - Ecological organic fertilizer special for watermelon and production method thereof - Google Patents
Ecological organic fertilizer special for watermelon and production method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
- C05F17/20—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation using specific microorganisms or substances, e.g. enzymes, for activating or stimulating the treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/40—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting fertiliser dosage or release rate; for affecting solubility
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/60—Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/70—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity for affecting wettability, e.g. drying agents
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of environment-friendly organic fertilizers, and discloses an ecological organic fertilizer special for watermelons and a production method thereof.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly organic fertilizers, and particularly relates to an ecological organic fertilizer special for watermelon and a production method thereof.
Background
The watermelon is sweet, delicious, fresh and juicy, contains a large amount of glucose, lycopene, fructose, amino acid, abundant vitamin C and other substances, has extremely high edible value, and is a healthy, nutritional and delicious summer fruit. At present, the planting area of watermelons in China is huge, the yield is world-first and accounts for more than 45% of the total yield of the world, the fertilizer for watermelons is also huge in demand, but the types of special fertilizers for watermelons in the market are few, most watermelon growers select nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, but conventional fertilizers are easy to run off from soil, the utilization rate of the fertilizers is low, excessive use of chemical fertilizers is easy to cause soil hardening, the growth of roots of watermelon plants is not facilitated, and the planting cost of fruit growers is increased. In addition, the fertilizer lost from the soil can cause water eutrophication, pollute the water and harm the ecological environment.
The unreasonable and non-compliant treatment of agricultural wastes not only wastes agricultural resources, but also causes serious pollution to the ecological environment. For example, the air quality is seriously affected by a large amount of smoke generated by incineration treatment of agricultural waste straws; the livestock and poultry manure is randomly treated by rural farmers, so that water and soil are polluted, and the generated stink can influence the normal life of residents; the residual biogas slurry and residue after the biogas is prepared by anaerobic fermentation is acidic or weakly acidic, and the long-term application of an acidic fertilizer can cause soil acidification and hardening and form secondary pollution. With the current trend of environmental protection policy, agricultural waste treatment is developing towards reduction and resource.
The livestock and poultry manure, the waste straw and the biogas residue are subjected to non-standard treatment, so that the ecological environment is easily damaged, but the organic matter content of the livestock and poultry manure, the waste straw and the biogas residue is high, a series of nutrient elements such as N, P, K are contained, and if the livestock and poultry manure, the waste straw and the biogas residue can be recycled, the environmental pressure can be reduced, the ecological environment can be improved, a series of economic values can be generated, and the modern agricultural production mode can be explored.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the situation, the invention provides the ecological organic fertilizer special for the watermelons and the production method thereof, wherein the ecological organic fertilizer special for the watermelons is produced by utilizing agricultural wastes such as livestock and poultry manure, waste straws and biogas residues and combining the growth characteristics of the watermelons, so that the growth of the watermelons is promoted, and the quality of the watermelons is improved.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows: the ecological organic fertilizer special for the watermelon is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of forming auxiliary agent, 45-65 parts of compound fertilizer and 0.3-1 part of pyroligneous; the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, 40-60 parts of fermented fertilizer, 10-15 parts of conventional fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 parts of beneficial microbial inoculum; the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of ferric sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 3-6 parts of borax; the fermented fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of biogas residue, 10-20 parts of charcoal, 2-7 parts of hydrated lime and 0.5-1 part of decomposing agent; the conventional fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 1-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 5-7 parts of potash fertilizer.
Preferably, the forming auxiliary agent is one or a combination of several of bentonite, tapioca flour and a binder.
Further preferably, the beneficial microbial inoculum is one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria.
Further preferably, the decomposing inoculant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of cellulose decomposing bacteria, 2-3 parts of hemicellulose decomposing bacteria and 1-3 parts of ammonifying bacteria.
Preferably, the livestock and poultry manure is one or more of manure produced by breeding pigs, chickens, ducks and cattle.
Still further preferably, the nitrogen fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is one of ammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is one of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
The production method of any one of the special fertilizers for the ecological organic watermelon is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step one, taking crop straws as raw materials, and carbonizing the crop straws to prepare biochar;
step two, mixing and decomposing the livestock and poultry manure, the biogas residues, the biochar, the slaked lime and the decomposing agent, and fermenting to prepare a fermented fertilizer;
step three, uniformly mixing the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, the fermented fertilizer, the conventional fertilizer and the benefit-enhancing microbial inoculum to obtain a compound fertilizer;
and step four, mixing the forming auxiliary agent, the compound fertilizer and the pyroligneous liquor, and deodorizing and granulating to obtain the special ecological organic fertilizer for the watermelon.
Preferably, in the step one, the crop straws are one or more of corn straws, wheat straws, rice straws and soybean straws, and the biochar is prepared by cracking and carbonizing at 400-.
Further preferably, in the second step, the mixing and decomposing process is as follows: removing impurities from livestock and poultry manure, adding biogas residue, biochar and hydrated lime, mixing, uniformly spraying a decomposition agent in the stirring process, and controlling the water content of the fermented material to be 55-65%; the fermentation process comprises the following steps: controlling the pH value of the mixed fermentation raw materials to be between 7.0 and 7.8, ventilating and fermenting for 15 days, and crushing to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the main raw materials of the fertilizer are livestock and poultry manure, biogas residues and waste straws, so that the agricultural wastes are efficiently recycled, the treatment cost of the agricultural wastes is reduced, and multiple economic benefits are generated. The fertilizer has high organic matter content, effectively enhances the air permeability, water retention and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, prevents soil hardening, obviously improves the physical properties of the soil, improves the utilization rate of the fertilizer and reduces the fertilization times.
(2) The fertilizer disclosed by the invention is rich in nutrient elements, the fertilizer is proper in nutrient proportion, and nutrients can be released in a long-acting and balanced manner. The biochar obtained by carbonizing waste straws is mixed with livestock and poultry manure, biogas residues, slaked lime, a decomposing agent and the like according to a proportion, the mixture is subjected to decomposing fermentation, a proper amount of conventional fertilizer is added to ensure nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient elements with proper proportion, the disease resistance of watermelon plants is enhanced, the sugar content and the quality of watermelon fruits are improved, the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer is used for supplementing a series of trace element nutrient substances required by the growth of watermelons, and the biochar with high organic matters has the water and fertilizer retention capacity and can slowly release nutrient substances so as to ensure that the watermelons can uniformly absorb and utilize the nutrient substances in each growth stage.
(3) The fertilizer contains a large amount of beneficial active bacteria, the content can reach 58 hundred million cfu/g, and the content is higher than the corresponding national standard. The strains of the fertilizer can be rapidly propagated in soil, so that the growth of harmful microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, bacteria and the like in the soil can be effectively inhibited, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and certain beneficial strains can also generate a plurality of enzymes with biological activity, which can decompose organic matters in the soil, dissolve soluble substances, promote the absorption of minerals by watermelons, facilitate the growth of the watermelons and improve the quality of the watermelons.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart showing the steps of the production process of the present invention
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the specific embodiment of the present invention is as follows:
example 1: cracking and carbonizing corn straws for 1.5h under the high-temperature and anoxic condition of 500 ℃ to obtain biochar, uniformly mixing the biochar, pig manure, biogas residues, slaked lime and a decomposition agent according to the weight parts of 33.5kg, 22.3kg, 11.16kg, 3.35kg and 0.67kg, controlling the pH to be 7.1, adding a proper amount of water, controlling the water content of a fermented material to be 58%, ventilating and fermenting for 12 days, and crushing to obtain the fermented fertilizer. And then fully mixing 5.16kg of watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, 70.92kg of fermented fertilizer, 12.89kg of conventional fertilizer and 1.03kg of beneficial agent according to parts by weight to obtain the compound fertilizer. And then, crushing and mixing 90kg of compound fertilizer and 4kg of forming auxiliary agent according to the weight parts, spraying 1kg of diluted atomized pyroligneous for adsorption deodorization, and finally screening, granulating, drying, cooling and packaging the special organic fertilizer for the watermelon to obtain a finished product.
The decomposing inoculant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: hemicellulose decomposing bacteria: the ammonifying bacteria is 3: 2: 2;
the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: magnesium sulfate: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax is 2: 2: 3: 2: 3;
the conventional fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer is 3: 1: 5, calculating the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer respectively by pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the beneficial microbial inoculum is a combination of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens and trichoderma viride;
the forming auxiliary agent is a combination of bentonite, cassava powder and a binder;
example 2: cracking and carbonizing corn straws for 1h under the high-temperature and anoxic condition of 500 ℃ to prepare biochar, uniformly mixing the biochar, pig manure, biogas residues, slaked lime and a decomposing agent according to the weight parts of 27.15kg, 16.97kg, 13.58kg, 4.07kg and 0.54kg, controlling the pH to be 7.4, adding a proper amount of water, controlling the water content of a fermented material to be 61%, ventilating and fermenting for 12 days, and crushing to prepare the fermented fertilizer. And then fully mixing 5.54kg of watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, 62.31kg of fermented fertilizer, 20.77kg of conventional fertilizer and 1.38kg of beneficial agent according to parts by weight to obtain the compound fertilizer. And then, crushing and mixing 90kg of compound fertilizer and 4kg of forming auxiliary agent according to the weight parts, spraying 1kg of diluted atomized pyroligneous for adsorption deodorization, and finally screening, granulating, drying, cooling and packaging the special organic fertilizer for the watermelon to obtain a finished product.
The decomposing inoculant consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: hemicellulose decomposing bacteria: the ammonifying bacteria is 3: 2: 2;
the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: magnesium sulfate: manganese sulfate: zinc sulfate: borax is 2: 2: 3: 2: 3;
the conventional fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: phosphate fertilizer: the potash fertilizer is 3: 1: 5, calculating the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer respectively by pure nitrogen, phosphorus pentoxide and potassium oxide, wherein the nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, the phosphate fertilizer is ammonium phosphate, and the potash fertilizer is potassium sulfate;
the beneficial microbial inoculum is a combination of azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria;
the forming auxiliary agent is a binder;
the special fertilizer for the watermelon prepared in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 comprises the following components:
| item | Total nitrogen/%) | Total phosphorus/%) | Total potassium/%) | Organic matter/% | Water content/%) | pH value |
| Example 1 | 10.2 | 2.5 | 16.5 | 75 | 15 | 7.1 |
| Example 2 | 13.6 | 2.8 | 17.6 | 68 | 13 | 7.3 |
As can be seen from the table above, the fertilizer special for organic watermelons, prepared by the invention, contains abundant nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents, meets the growth requirements of watermelons, and has organic matter content, moisture content and pH value which all meet the corresponding national agricultural standards.
Example 3: the special fertilizer for the watermelons in the embodiment 1 and the embodiment 2 is used, the comparison group is a conventional fertilizer with the same nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrients, the fertilizer application method of the fertilizer in the embodiment and the comparison group is the same, and the specific seed application method comprises the following steps: the test field is divided into three watermelon species with the same size, the planting density of the watermelons is the same, the watermelon species to be tested is 'black beauty', equal amount of fertilizer is applied at one time and is completely used as base fertilizer, and other management methods are carried out according to a conventional method. Randomly selecting 20 watermelons, and carrying out detection analysis, wherein the data statistical results are shown in the table below.
As can be seen from the data in the table 2, after the special fertilizer for the watermelons is applied, the quality of the planted watermelons is obviously superior to that of the watermelons applied by the common organic fertilizer, the watermelons are high in sweetness, juiciness and vitamin C content, large in peel and thin, and the disease incidence rate is low. The fertilizer is not separated from the fertilizer in proper proportion of nutrient elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, the nitrogen and phosphorus elements are controlled within a certain range, the quality such as sweetness and color of the watermelon is ensured while the healthy growth of the watermelon is maintained, the content of the potassium element is properly improved, the disease resistance of watermelon plants is enhanced, the sugar content and quality of watermelon fruits are improved, and a small amount of trace elements are added to promote the healthy growth of the watermelon. Various beneficial bacteria are rapidly propagated in the soil, so that the growth of harmful microorganisms such as viruses, fungi, bacteria and the like in the soil is effectively inhibited, the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and certain beneficial bacteria can also generate various enzymes with biological activity, the enzymes can decompose organic matters in the soil, dissolve soluble substances, promote the absorption of the watermelon on mineral substances, promote the growth of the watermelon and improve the quality of the watermelon.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some technical features may be equivalently replaced; and such modifications or substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the corresponding technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. The ecological organic fertilizer special for the watermelon is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-4 parts of forming auxiliary agent, 45-65 parts of compound fertilizer and 0.3-1 part of pyroligneous; the compound fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-6 parts of watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, 40-60 parts of fermented fertilizer, 10-15 parts of conventional fertilizer and 0.5-1.5 parts of beneficial microbial inoculum; the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 1-3 parts of ferric sulfate, 2-3 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1-4 parts of manganese sulfate, 1-3 parts of zinc sulfate and 3-6 parts of borax; the fermented fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of livestock and poultry manure, 15-30 parts of biogas residue, 10-20 parts of charcoal, 2-7 parts of hydrated lime and 0.5-1 part of decomposing agent; the conventional fertilizer comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 2-5 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 1-2 parts of phosphate fertilizer and 5-7 parts of potash fertilizer.
2. The special fertilizer for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the forming aid is one or more of bentonite, tapioca and a binder.
3. The special fertilizer for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the beneficial microbial agents are one or more of bacillus subtilis, bacillus amyloliquefaciens, trichoderma viride, azotobacter, phosphorus bacteria and potassium bacteria.
4. The special fertilizer for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the decomposing inoculant comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of cellulose decomposing bacteria, 2-3 parts of hemicellulose decomposing bacteria and 1-3 parts of ammonifying bacteria.
5. The special fertilizer for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the livestock and poultry manure is one or more of manure generated from breeding pigs, chickens, ducks and cattle.
6. The special fertilizer for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is one of urea, ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate; the phosphate fertilizer is one of ammonium phosphate, triple superphosphate and monoammonium phosphate; the potash fertilizer is one of potassium sulfate and potassium chloride.
7. The method for producing the special fertilizer for the ecological organic watermelon as claimed in any one of claims 1-6, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, taking crop straws as raw materials, and carbonizing the crop straws to prepare biochar;
step two, mixing and decomposing the livestock and poultry manure, the biogas residues, the biochar, the slaked lime and the decomposing agent, and fermenting to prepare a fermented fertilizer;
step three, uniformly mixing the watermelon auxiliary fertilizer, the fermented fertilizer, the conventional fertilizer and the benefit-enhancing microbial inoculum to obtain a compound fertilizer;
and step four, mixing the forming auxiliary agent, the compound fertilizer and the pyroligneous liquor, and deodorizing and granulating to obtain the special ecological organic fertilizer for the watermelon.
8. The method for producing the fertilizer special for ecological organic watermelon according to claim 7, wherein in the first step, the crop straw is one or more of corn straw, wheat straw, rice straw and soybean straw, and the biochar is prepared by cracking and carbonizing at 400-650 ℃ under anoxic condition.
9. The method for producing the fertilizer special for ecological organic watermelons according to claim 7, wherein in the second step, the mixing and decomposing process comprises the following steps: removing impurities from livestock and poultry manure, adding biogas residue, biochar and hydrated lime, mixing, uniformly spraying a decomposition agent in the stirring process, and controlling the water content of the fermented material to be 55-65%; the fermentation process comprises the following steps: and after ventilating and fermenting for 15 days, crushing to obtain the fermented fertilizer.
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