CN112972482A - 磷脂型dha与epa在促进毛发生长制品中的应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明属于不饱和脂肪酸应用技术领域，具体涉及磷脂型DHA与EPA在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。包括磷脂型DHA与EPA或蓝光及磷脂型DHA与EPA联用在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。本发明通过膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA，以及辅助蓝光照射，增强皮肤血管内皮生长因子VEGF的表达及调控静止调节因子Fgf18的表达，能够对毛发生长起到良好的促进作用，有望成为脱发治疗的新途径。
Description
技术领域：
本发明属于不饱和脂肪酸应用技术领域，具体涉及磷脂型DHA与EPA在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。
背景技术：
脱发问题影响着全球数以百万计的人，不仅影响外观审美，并可能对个人的心理和情感健康造成重大影响。目前应用较为广泛的治疗方法主要有药物治疗和光刺激治疗两大类，药物治疗以局部涂抹米诺地尔和口服非那雄胺较为常见，广为认可的光刺激治疗是低水平激光疗法(LLLT)。研究显示，米诺地尔仅对半数受试人群发挥疗效，非那雄胺的治疗效果虽然明显，但会伴随较为严重的副作用，且二者停药后反复性强。另一方面，低水平激光疗法作为医学上广泛采用的辅助手段，往往需借助特殊的仪器设备，日常生活中难以实现。
有大量研究指出微量元素如维生素、矿物质的缺乏可能是脱发发生和治疗中的危险因素，但宏量营养素的相关报道较为缺乏。特别是膳食摄入ω-3系脂肪酸对毛发生长的作用却尚未见报道。二十碳五烯酸(Eicosapentaenoi acid,EPA,C20:5n-3)和二十二碳六烯酸(Docosahexaenoic acid,DHA,C22:6n-3)是海洋食品中广泛存在的ω-3系脂肪酸，主要以甘油三酯型和磷脂型的形式存在。多种研究表明磷脂型DHA/EPA(DHA/EPA-PLs)相较于甘油三酯型在改善脑功能、抗肿瘤及调节糖脂代谢等方面具有更好的生物活性。然而，磷脂型DHA及EPA在促进毛发生长方面的功效尚未见报道。
发明内容：
本发明要解决的技术问题是目前脱发问题困扰颇多，治疗方法却较为单一，且由于毒副作用、设备条件的原因在日常生活中难以持续。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供了磷脂型DHA与EPA在促进毛发生长制品中的应用，通过膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA，以及辅助蓝光照射，增强皮肤血管内皮生长因子VEGF的表达及调控静止调节因子Fgf18的表达，能够对毛发生长起到良好的促进作用，有望成为脱发治疗的新途径。
为达到上述目的，本发明具体通过以下技术方案实现：磷脂型DHA与EPA在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在介导血管生成和增强微血管通透性方面有重要作用，已有不少研究证实VEGF可以通过增强血管支持以满足毛发在生长期的高营养需求，从而促进毛发的生长。成纤维细胞生长因子18(Fgf18)是一种静止调节因子，当Fgf18表达水平降低时，毛囊干细胞的激活即启动。而通过膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA(EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs)，可以明显增强皮肤中VEGF的表达，以及调控静止调节因子Fgf18的表达，从而对小鼠毛发生长起到良好的促进作用。相较之下，涂抹疗法的作用范围一方面局限在皮肤表层或真皮层细胞，另一方面也受到涂抹区域的限制，调节机制以促进胰岛素样生长因子(IGF)、角质形成细胞生长因子(KGF)等集中在皮肤的毛发生长促进因子为主。与之不同的是，膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs则经过胃肠道消化吸收及系统循环，可以多靶点全范围的发挥作用，并集中体现在整个皮肤组织，其既可以调控静止调节因子Fgf18的表达，也可以提高血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达。
进一步的，所述制品包括内用制品，为药品、保健品、食品或膳食补充剂。
进一步的，以体重60kg的成年人为例，DHA/EPA-PLs推荐摄入量为200～1000mg/d。
进一步的，所述制品包括外用制品，为发射蓝光的发光二极管LEDs。使用时，口服内用制品或口服内用制品时使用外用制品，即辅助蓝光照射。
蓝光及磷脂型DHA与EPA联用在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。成纤维细胞生长因子18(Fgf18)是一种静止调节因子，当Fgf18表达水平降低时，毛囊干细胞的激活即启动。而膳食添加DHA-PLs和EPA-PLs，再经过蓝光照射，能够调控Fgf18的表达，进一步的促进毛发生长，效果更好。
进一步的，所述蓝光的波长为450-455nm。该波段内的蓝光具有激活细胞代谢、增加胶原蛋白表达量的作用，可促进皮肤的年轻化；另外还可以显著延长体外毛囊的生长期，在促进DHA-PLs和EPA-PLs起效的基础上，效果更佳。
进一步的，蓝光照射应在口服EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs后2-4小时后开始，照射时间不少于1小时。
本发明的有益效果在于：
(1)给出了膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA能够促进毛发生长的应用，丰富了磷脂型DHA与EPA的适用范围。
(2)给出了蓝光照射在辅助膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA促进毛发生长的应用，为治疗脱发提供了新的途径。
(3)给出了膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA能够促进毛发生长可能的机制解释，以及蓝光照射在辅助膳食补充磷脂型DHA与EPA促进毛发生长中可能的机制解释，为新一步的研究提供了方向。
附图说明
图1：蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对小鼠毛发状态的影响。
图2：蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对小鼠毛发覆盖率的影响。
图3：蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对小鼠毛发长度的影响
图4：21d时蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对小鼠背部皮肤毛囊形态的影响。
图5：蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对Fgf18基因mRNA表达水平的影响。
图6：蓝光照射与膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对Fgf18及VEGF在皮肤中蛋白表达水平的影响。
具体实施方式：
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
实施例1：
1.材料与方法
1.1动物实验
适应性喂养一周后，将56只雄性KM小鼠进行背部毛发脱除处理并随机分成7组，每组8只，分别为白光照射组、蓝光照射组、白光照射涂抹DHA-TG组、白光照射喂食DHA-PLs组、白光照射喂食EPA-PLs组、蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs组及蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs组。饲料中脂质添加剂量为0.5％。白光由普通照明白炽灯产生，蓝光由450-455nm的发光二极管LEDs产生，12h:12h明暗交替。小鼠在恒温23±2℃、相对湿度65％±15％的条件下自由饮水与进食。待小鼠毛发生长结束，将其处死，取背部1cm×1cm皮肤若干，于-80℃冻存用于后续分析。解剖过程中取背部同一部位皮肤于10％中性甲醛溶液中固定，用于制备切片。
1.1.1毛发脱除与生长监测
采用化学法脱毛，配制6％的硫化钠酒精溶液，用脱脂棉蘸取涂抹在小鼠背部，脱毛区域为前腿连线至后腿连线处的矩形区域，作用2min后，用温水冲洗干净，为保证所有小鼠毛发脱除程度一致，三天后进行第二次脱毛处理。
在裸露区域观察到新生毛发时，将其作为毛发生长的第0天，对新生毛发的长度、覆盖率定期监测，根据Kwon等人[26]的方法，对小鼠皮肤裸露区域的新生毛发覆盖率进行评分：0＝0％，1＝0％-20％，2＝20％-40％，3＝40％-60％，4＝60％-80％，5＝80％-100％。
1.1.2皮肤切片分析
皮肤组织切片经苏木精-伊红(HE)染色后，用于观测毛囊形态。切片与染色由武汉赛维尔生物科技有限公司完成，通过电子显微镜进行观测。
1.1.3实时荧光定量PCR分析
采用TRIzol法提取皮肤总RNA，利用琼脂糖凝胶电泳与Nanodrop验证RNA纯度与含量，将其与MMLV逆转录酶、RNAase inhibitor、无酶无菌水、dNTP及Random Primer混合，经PCR程序逆转录得到cDNA。参考SYBR Green Master试剂说明，将cDNA及上下游引物调节至合适浓度，进行qRT-PCR。各个基因的mRNA表达量相对于内参基因GAPDH的表达进行计算。引物经NCBI BLAST验证，由上海生工生物工程股份有限公司定制，序列信息如表2所示。
表2.qRT-PCR引物信息
Table 2.qRT-PCR primer information
1.1.4免疫印迹分析
根据RIPA裂解缓冲液的说明从皮肤中提取总蛋白，采用10％十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离，半干法转移至聚偏二氟乙烯膜上，用5％BSA溶液进行膜封闭2h，用TBST(0.1％Tween-20，20mM Tris,137mM NaCl,pH 7.6)洗涤，在4℃与特异性一抗Fgf18Rabbit pAb、VEGF RabbitpAb、β-Actin Rabbit pAb孵育过夜，经TBST洗涤后，在室温下使用HRP标记山羊抗小鼠/兔IgG二抗孵育2h，再次用TBST洗涤，最后根据Omni-ECLTM超灵敏化学发光检测试剂盒的说明，对抗原-抗体复合物进行显色，利用凝胶成像仪采集图像，并进行量化分析。
1.1.5数据分析
实验结果以mean±SEM表示，各组之间采用one-wayANOVA(Tukey’s test)进行两两比较分析，以p<0.05为具有统计学意义上的显著差异，以0.05≤p＜0.1为具有显著差异的趋势。
2.结果与讨论
2.1毛发长度与覆盖率
受试物干预3周时，在小鼠皮肤裸露区域观察到新生毛发，将此时作为毛发生长的起点，进行为期21天的毛发生长监测，过程如图1所示，其中第1周为毛发生长速度最快的时期，第2周趋向平稳，第3周毛发生长基本完成。7d时，蓝光照射小鼠的毛发长度与覆盖率分别是白光照射小鼠的1.5倍和2.6倍，与白光照射涂抹DHA-TG小鼠毛发生长状况相似。而白光喂食DHA-PLs的小鼠，其毛发长度与覆盖率分别是白光照射涂抹DHA-TG小鼠的1.2倍和1.9倍。在喂食DHA-PLs的基础上，蓝光照射小鼠毛发长度与覆盖率与白光照射小鼠形成显著性差异，分别是白光照射小鼠的1.7和2.6倍。蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠的毛发长度与白光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠相似，但覆盖率显著提升了2.1倍。
到14d时，膳食补充EPA-PLs的小鼠逐渐展现出其优势，从毛发长度、覆盖率两方面来看，蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠均为最优组别，蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠次之，白光照射小鼠毛发生长状况最差。覆盖率方面，蓝光喂食EPA-PLs小鼠已实现了毛发全覆盖，相较于白光补充EPA-PLs小鼠显著提高了14.3％，是蓝光照射小鼠的1.3倍，具有显著性差异；蓝光喂食DHA-PLs小鼠相较于白光喂食DHA-PLs小鼠和白光涂抹DHA-TG小鼠分别显著增加了12.0％和24.8％；白光照射涂抹DHA-TG与蓝光照射小鼠效果相似，以约5％的比例略高于白光照射小鼠；而膳食补充DHA/EPA-PLs的小鼠，无论经蓝光或白光照射均与白光照射小鼠形成显著差异。毛发长度方面，不同光照下的膳食补充DHA/EPA-PLs小鼠，与白光照射小鼠相比，其毛发长度均有显著提高；蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠的毛发长度是蓝光照射小鼠的1.2倍，具有显著差异；蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs的小鼠相较于蓝光照射和白光照射涂抹DHA-TG小鼠，毛发长度分别显著增加了19.2％和17.1％。
到第3周，小鼠毛发生长基本结束，21d时的最终结果显示，蓝光照射相较于白光照射可使小鼠毛发长度、覆盖率分别增加11.1％和10.7％，两者均具有显著差异的趋势。白光照射涂抹DHA-TG与蓝光照射效果相当，无显著性差异。蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs与白光照射喂食EPA-PLs相比，毛发长度和覆盖率分别增加了10.0％和5.1％，其中毛发长度具有显著性差异；与蓝光照射相比，毛发长度与覆盖率分别显著增加了14.8％和12.9％。蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs与白光照射喂食DHA-PLs相比，毛发长度显著增加了9.7％，覆盖率增加了5.0％；与白光照射涂抹DHA-TG相比，毛发长度和覆盖率分别显著增加了14.0％和11.9％；与蓝光照射小鼠间同样具有显著性差异。
综上所述，第1周内，蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs的小鼠毛发生长状况显著优于其他小鼠，第2周内，EPA-PLs组逐渐成为毛发生长状态最佳的组别，21d时，即毛发生长的最终状态，在长度、覆盖率两个指标下，白光照射涂抹DHA-TG与蓝光照射效果相当，均优于白光照射；白光照射喂食DHA/EPA-PLs优于蓝光照射和白光照射涂抹DHA-TG；而蓝光照射喂食DHA/EPA-PLs又优于白光照射喂食DHA/EPA-PLs，其中EPA-PLs效果最佳。结果表明，磷脂型DHA、EPA对毛发生长的促进作用优于甘油三酯型，而膳食补充形式比涂抹形式更为有效，在膳食补充DHA/EPA-PLs的基础上，再辅以蓝光照射能够达到良好的促进效果，其中EPA-PLs效果最佳。
2.2毛囊形态
小鼠出生后毛囊开始经历生长期、退化期、静止期及重新启动生长期的循环过程，毛囊形态的变化情况是判断毛囊发育周期的重要依据。截止到21d时的毛囊细胞形态如图4所示，经过相同的生长周期后，仅接受白光照射的小鼠仍处于生长期，蓝光照射或经不同形式DHA/EPA处理的小鼠则出现了不同程度的毛囊退化，具体表现在毛囊内根鞘萎缩，毛乳头空泡化等。此外，蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠还出现了毛发的二次生长。以上结果表明，蓝光照射可对毛发生长起到一定的促进作用，结合膳食补充DHA/EPA-PLs共同作用则可以达到良好的效果。
2.3毛发生长相关基因的mRNA表达水平
成纤维细胞生长因子18(Fgf18)是一种静止调节因子，当Fgf18表达水平降低时，即启动毛囊干细胞的激活。其表达水平如图5所示，白光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠Fgf18的mRNA表达量是蓝光照射和白光照射涂抹DHA-TG小鼠的约2.8倍，蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠Fgf18的mRNA表达量则是白光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠的1.7倍，具有显著差异。而蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs的小鼠由于已经开始了毛发的二次生长，其Fgf18的mRNA表达量较蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠有所下降，小鼠Fgf18的mRNA表达量与日常观测结果吻合。
2.4关键蛋白的表达
通过测定Fgf18的mRNA表达量的变化，发现其与毛发长度、覆盖率等表观指标相吻合，进一步测定Fgf18在皮肤中的蛋白表达量，结果如图6所示。蓝光照射和白光照射涂抹DHA-TG小鼠的表达量分别是白光照射小鼠的3.7倍和3.3倍，具有显著差异；白光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠表达量是白光照射涂抹DHA-TG的1.5倍，也具有显著差异；蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs的小鼠则分别较白光照射喂食DHA-PLs和EPA-PLs小鼠提高了22.3％和21.6％；蓝光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠由于开始了毛发二次生长，其Fgf18蛋白表达量稍有下降，与mRNA表达量呈相同结果。蛋白免疫印迹结果验证了蓝光照射与膳食补充DHA-PLs、EPA-PLs共同作用对毛发生长的促进作用。
血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在介导血管生成和增强微血管通透性方面有重要作用，已有不少研究证实VEGF可以通过增强血管支持以满足毛发在生长期的高营养需求，从而促进毛发的生长。皮肤中VEGF蛋白的表达量如图4所示，接受蓝光照射的小鼠，VEGF蛋白表达量相比白光照射小鼠显著提高了60.5％；蓝光照射喂食DHA-PLs小鼠分别在白光喂食DHA-PLs和白光照射涂抹DHA-TG的基础上提高了20.6％和57.3％；蓝光照射补充EPA-PLs的小鼠相较于白光照射喂食EPA-PLs小鼠，VEGF蛋白表达量显著提高了24.9％。由此可知，VEGF的高表达可能是蓝光和膳食补充DHA-PLs、EPA-PLs促进毛发生长的一个重要机制，其中蓝光与膳食补充EPA-PLs共同作用的促进效果最佳。
除以上所表述的蓝光和DHA-PLs、EPA-PLs对毛发生长的促进作用及可能机制外，结合Mitsuko等人的研究结果，即Fgf18信号介导静止期毛发的抗辐射能力，我们猜测蓝光辅助膳食补充EPA-PLs、DHA-PLs对毛发生长的促进作用不仅仅是促进毛囊周期的活跃，静止期Fgf18的表达也有助于毛发的辐射防护，二者形成了一个良性循环。
综上，本次研究结果表明，在膳食补充DHA-PLs、EPA-PLs的基础上辅以蓝光照射可以通过增强皮肤中VEGF的表达，以及调控Fgf18的表达对小鼠毛发生长起到良好的促进作用，且日常生活中容易达成，有望成为脱发治疗的新途径。
Claims (6)
1.磷脂型DHA与EPA在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。
2.如权利要求1所述的应用，其特征在于：所述制品包括内用制品，为药品、保健品、食品或膳食补充剂。
3.如权利要求2所述的应用，其特征在于：所述制品包括外用制品，为发射蓝光的发光二极管LEDs。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的应用，其特征在于：DHA/EPA-PLs摄入量为200～1000mg/d。
5.蓝光及磷脂型DHA与EPA联用在促进毛发生长制品中的应用。
6.如权利要求5所述的应用，其特征在于：所述蓝光的波长为450-455nm。
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| SERENA BUSCONE等: "Cryptochrome 1 is modulated by blue light in human keratinocytes and exerts positive impact on human hair growth", 《EXPERIMENTAL DERMATOLOGY》 * |
| 肖志刚等: "功能性磷脂的酶法合成及其生理功能研究进展", 《沈阳师范大学学报(自然科学版)》 * |
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| CN112972482B (zh) | 2022-10-11 |
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