CN112970512A - Method for cultivating pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature - Google Patents
Method for cultivating pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature Download PDFInfo
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- 241000149440 Lentinus tuber-regium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 85
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
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- 229960000367 inositol Drugs 0.000 description 1
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- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N scyllo-inosotol Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C1O CDAISMWEOUEBRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G18/00—Cultivation of mushrooms
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature, which comprises the steps of manufacturing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag, manufacturing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag and cultivating. The invention can successfully cultivate the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium under the condition of medium temperature; the domestication cultivation method is simple and easy to master; the investment is less, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and easy; sclerotium is controllable and easy to form; the nutrition is completely supplied for sclerotium to grow, and the yield is high. The conventional high-temperature cultivation of the Pleurotus tuber-regium has uncontrolled sclerotium growth, easily produces fruiting bodies and wastes nutrition, has controllable sclerotium and high yield, does not need high-temperature regions to control immature conditions, and has higher application value.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of edible mushroom cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature.
Background
Ear of sclerotium (A. rolfsii)Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fr.) Singer) belonging to Fungi of the kingdom Fungi, Basidiomycota of the Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Pleurotaceae, PleurotusPleurotus. The sclerotium-side ear grows under evergreen broad-leaved forests and is a wood-rotting fungus, hypha of the sclerotium-side fungus is used for impregnating woods or stumps to cause wood rotting, sclerotium with the surrounding diameter of 10 cm-30 cm is formed underground or among the woods, sporophores are formed and grow on the sclerotium, and the sporophores and the sclerotium can be used or used as medicines, so that the sclerotium-side fungus is a good fungus which can be used as both food and medicine, and is commonly called tiger milk mushroom. The pleurotus tuber-regium, also called as pleurotus nebrodensis, pleurotus poria, poria cocos wolf (Japan) and the like, has a pileus diameter of 10-20 cm, is funnel-shaped or cup-shaped, and has the fungus flesh changed into leather, smooth surface and frequent scattered growth, and the scales of micro-wings are light white to cinnamon. The bacterial folds are spread and dense. The stipe is 3.5-13 cm long, 0.7-3 cm thick, medium, cylindrical, medium and solid, has the same color as pileus, and has small scales or villi. Sclerotium is spherical, egg-shaped or spindle-shaped, hard in texture, dark brown in peel and often cracked. The inside is white, has powder texture, or has cracks. Pleurotus tuber-regium grows in summer and autumn mostly and is mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical areas, such as karmylon in Malaysia, Myanmar, Australia, Africa, Nigeria, Urada, Carina, Kenya, Guinea, Tanshina and the like, and is mainly distributed in Yunnan, Hainan, Jiangxi and the like in China.
The pleurotus tuber-regium is used as a fungus used as both food and medicine, and the sporocarp contains 16-45% of protein and is edible. The sclerotium contains nutrients such as glucose, fructose, galactose, maltose, cellobiose, palmitic acid, inositol, and oleic acid; the ash contains potassium, sodium, calcium, magnesium and other elements. According to the records of the compendium of materia medica, the pleurotus tuber-regium can treat diseases such as stomach illness, constipation, fever, asthma, hypertension and the like.
In recent years, many researches on pleurotus sclerotiorum and sclerotium-pleurotus tuber-regium have been carried out, and many people know that the important medicinal fungi have higher medicinal value, so that the pleurotus tuber-regium can not meet the requirements of people due to the scarcity of wild resources and extremely low artificial cultivation yield at present. Because the Pleurotus tuber-regium belongs to a high-temperature bacterium, sclerotium can be formed only under the condition of high temperature of 28-35 ℃ in the conventional manual culture of Pleurotus tuber regium, and the sclerotium formation is not artificially controlled and the yield is not stable. The sclerotium needs high temperature in the cultivation process, but the high temperature is easy to produce the mushroom and wastes nutrition.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature.
The invention aims to realize the method, which comprises the steps of producing a Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag, producing a Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag and cultivating, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into the first culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium culture bag;
B. the preparation method of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag comprises the following steps: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into a second culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium nutrition bag;
C. cultivation: removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags and placing the bags on two sides, and then removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bags and placing the bags in the middle of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags; then covering soil, culturing at medium temperature for 50-65 days until sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium grows up, and picking when hard fruit is mature;
the formula of the first culture medium is as follows: 30-40 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 8-12 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum;
the formula of the second culture medium is as follows: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum.
The invention realizes the artificial cultivation of the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium under the condition of medium temperature through strain propagation, so that the sclerotium can be controlled, the fruiting can not occur at the medium temperature, and all nutrition is supplied to the sclerotium for growing, so that the sclerotium yield is higher.
The invention aims to realize the artificial cultivation of the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium under the condition of medium temperature through strain propagation, a sclerotium culture bag and a nutrition bag. The invention reduces the cultivation condition of the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium, has the advantages of simple method, sufficient raw materials and the like, and is used for further research and exerts greater value. Multiple groups of experiments prove that the cultivation method can realize artificial cultivation of the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium under the condition of medium temperature through strain propagation, and the sclerotium is controllable and has high yield.
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium can be successfully cultivated under the condition of medium temperature;
(2) the domestication cultivation method is simple and easy to master;
(3) the investment is less, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and easy;
(4) sclerotium is controllable and easy to form;
(5) the nutrition is completely supplied for sclerotium to grow, and the yield is high.
The invention can successfully cultivate the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium under the condition of medium temperature; the domestication cultivation method is simple and easy to master; the investment is less, the cost is low, and the operation is simple and easy; sclerotium is controllable and easy to form; the nutrition is completely supplied for sclerotium to grow, and the yield is high. The conventional high-temperature cultivation of the Pleurotus tuber-regium has uncontrolled sclerotium growth, easily produces fruiting bodies and wastes nutrition, has controllable sclerotium and high yield, does not need high-temperature regions to control immature conditions, and has higher application value.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
The method for cultivating the sclerotium of the pleurotus tuber-regium at the medium temperature comprises the steps of manufacturing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag, manufacturing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag and cultivating, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into the first culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium culture bag;
B. the preparation method of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag comprises the following steps: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into a second culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium nutrition bag;
C. cultivation: removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags and placing the bags on two sides, and then removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bags and placing the bags in the middle of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags; then covering soil, culturing at medium temperature for 50-65 days until sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium grows up, and picking when hard fruit is mature;
the formula of the first culture medium is as follows: 30-40 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 8-12 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum;
the formula of the second culture medium is as follows: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum.
The medium temperature is 18-25 ℃.
The temperature of inoculation in the step A is 20-30 ℃.
The strain inoculated in the step A is a second-level stock.
The formula of the first culture medium in the step A is as follows: 35 parts of sawdust, 35 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum.
And the temperature of the inoculation in the step B is 20-30 ℃.
The strain inoculated in the step B is a second-level stock.
The formula of the second culture medium in the step B is as follows: 45 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of corncobs, 18 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum.
And C, covering soil with the thickness of 2-3 cm.
And C, the humidity of the soil cultured at medium temperature in the step C is 60-80%.
The invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The preparation and propagation method of the stock culture material of Pleurotus tuber-regium comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing main materials of a stock culture material with poplar branches, wheat bran and the like, and auxiliary materials comprising gypsum, lime and the like (the formula is that 40% of 20-35 poplar branches, 40% of wheat, 18% of wheat bran and 1% of lime gypsum are respectively contained);
step 2, soaking the poplar branches and the wheat 24 hours in advance with water, and uniformly stirring the culture materials according to a formula, wherein the water content is 60%;
step 3, taking a 500ml tissue culture bottle as a cultivation container;
step 4, filling the culture material into a tissue culture bottle;
step 5, sterilizing by adopting high-pressure steam at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 100-;
step 6, taking out and cooling after sterilization is finished;
step 7, cooling and inoculating, namely cooling the culture medium to about 25 ℃ for carrying out primary strain propagation, wherein the strain used for inoculating is a primary test tube mother strain;
step 8, culturing hyphae, culturing the hyphae in dark at 35 ℃ under the condition of 30-50% air humidity for 35 days, wherein the hyphae overgrow the stock bottle;
and 9, expanding propagation of the pleurotus tuber-regium culture bag and the nutrition bag.
Example 2
The preparation method of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing main materials of a cultivation material with wood chips, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and the like, and mixing the main materials with gypsum, lime and the like (the formula comprises 35% of the wood chips, 35% of the corncobs, 10% of the cottonseed hulls, 18% of the wheat bran and 1% of the lime gypsum);
step 2, uniformly stirring the culture materials according to a formula, wherein the water content is 60%;
step 3, using 15cm*The 35cm fungus bags are filled with cultivation bags, and each bag is compacted to one half;
step 4, filling the fungus bags, sleeving lantern rings, sleeving the lantern rings to the bag openings, and enabling the middles to be empty;
step 5, sterilizing by adopting high-pressure steam at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 100-;
step 6, taking out and cooling after sterilization is finished;
step 7, cooling and inoculating, namely cooling the culture medium to about 25 ℃ for inoculating, wherein the strain used for inoculating is a secondary stock, and the inoculation amount is 5-8% of the mass of the strain in the culture material;
step 8, culturing hyphae, culturing the hyphae in dark at 35 ℃ under the condition of 30-50% air humidity, and growing the hyphae in a fungus bag for 23 days;
and 9, continuously culturing in dark for 20 days when the half bag of hypha is full of the fungus bag, and taking the table tennis-size sclerotium as a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag.
Example 3
The preparation method of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag comprises the following steps:
step 1, mixing main materials of the cultivation material with wood chips, corncobs, cottonseed hulls, wheat bran and the like, and mixing the main materials with gypsum, lime and the like (the formula comprises 45 percent of wood chips, 35 percent of corncobs, 18 percent of wheat bran and 1 percent of lime gypsum);
step 2, uniformly stirring the culture materials according to a formula, wherein the water content is 60%;
step 3, using 18cm*The 35cm fungus bag is a cultivation bag;
and 4, filling the bags, namely filling each bag with the full material.
Step 5, sterilizing by adopting high-pressure steam at the temperature of 121 ℃ for 100-;
step 6, taking out and cooling after sterilization is finished;
step 7, cooling and inoculating, namely cooling the culture medium to about 25 ℃ for inoculating, wherein the strain used for inoculating is a secondary stock, and the inoculation amount is 5-8% of the mass of the strain in the culture material;
and 8, culturing hyphae, culturing the hyphae in the dark at the temperature of 35 ℃ and under the condition of 30-50% air humidity for 44 days, and taking the hyphae as a pleurotus tuber-regium nutrition bag.
Example 4
The cultivation method of the mesophilic Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium comprises the following steps:
step 1, making a compartment surface, wherein the width of the compartment surface is 50cm, and the depth of the compartment surface is 10 cm;
step 2, removing bags of the pleurotus tuber-regium half-bag culture bags with sclerotium growing out, placing the bags on two sides of the compartment surface, and enabling the sclerotium to face outwards;
step 3, removing the bag of the full-bag nutrition bag full of hypha of the Pleurotus tuber-regium, putting the bag to the middle of the compartment surface until the bag is full, and connecting the bags;
step 4, covering soil after the pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag and the nutrition bag are placed, wherein the soil thickness is 2-3 cm;
step 5, culturing at medium temperature (room temperature is 18-25 ℃), and keeping soil moist during the culture;
and 6, culturing the pleurotus tuber-regium for 50-65 days, growing sclerotium, and picking the pleurotus tuber-regium when the pleurotus tuber-regium is hard and mature.
The embodiment of the invention shows that the sclerotium of the Pleurotus tuber-regium cultivated by the method can reach 30cm in diameter and 3kg in weight. Compared with the conventional high-temperature cultivation, the sclerotium is controllable, the yield is higher, and the fruiting bodies are not easy to grow, so that the nutrition is not wasted.
Claims (10)
1. A method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature is characterized by comprising the steps of making a Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag, making a Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag and cultivating, and specifically comprises the following steps:
A. preparing a pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bag: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into the first culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium culture bag;
B. the preparation method of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bag comprises the following steps: inoculating the Pleurotus tuber-regium strains into a second culture medium, and culturing in the dark at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ and the humidity of 30-50% for 20-30 days to obtain a Pleurotus tuber regium sclerotium nutrition bag;
C. cultivation: removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags and placing the bags on two sides, and then removing bags of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium nutrition bags and placing the bags in the middle of the Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium culture bags; then covering soil, culturing at medium temperature for 50-65 days until sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium grows up, and picking when hard fruit is mature;
the formula of the first culture medium is as follows: 30-40 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 8-12 parts of cottonseed hulls, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum;
the formula of the second culture medium is as follows: 40-50 parts of sawdust, 30-40 parts of corncobs, 15-20 parts of wheat bran, 0.5-1.5 parts of lime and 0.5-1.5 parts of gypsum.
2. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature according to claim 1, wherein the medium temperature is 18-25 ℃.
3. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of inoculation in step A is 20-30 ℃.
4. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the inoculated strain in step A is a secondary stock.
5. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the first cultivation medium in the step A is as follows: 35 parts of sawdust, 35 parts of corncobs, 10 parts of cottonseed hulls, 18 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum.
6. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the temperature of inoculation in step B is 20-30 ℃.
7. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the inoculated strain in step B is a secondary stock.
8. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the formula of the second cultivation medium in the step B is as follows: 45 parts of wood chips, 35 parts of corncobs, 18 parts of wheat bran, 1 part of lime and 1 part of gypsum.
9. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at moderate temperature according to claim 1, wherein the thickness of the soil covering in step C is 2-3 cm.
10. The method for cultivating Pleurotus tuber-regium sclerotium at medium temperature according to claim 1, wherein the soil humidity for medium temperature cultivation in step C is 60-80%.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114208588A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-22 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | Bagasse pleurotus tuber-regium cultivation material, preparation method thereof and pleurotus tuber-regium field cultivation method |
| CN114365657A (en) * | 2021-12-27 | 2022-04-19 | 华中农业大学 | Indoor potting method for sclerotium of Pleurotus tuber-regium |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN114208588A (en) * | 2021-12-03 | 2022-03-22 | 贵州省农作物品种资源研究所 | Bagasse pleurotus tuber-regium cultivation material, preparation method thereof and pleurotus tuber-regium field cultivation method |
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