CN112970488B - Method for preventing and treating common cecidomyiia miscanthus - Google Patents
Method for preventing and treating common cecidomyiia miscanthus Download PDFInfo
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- CN112970488B CN112970488B CN202110163435.8A CN202110163435A CN112970488B CN 112970488 B CN112970488 B CN 112970488B CN 202110163435 A CN202110163435 A CN 202110163435A CN 112970488 B CN112970488 B CN 112970488B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01M—CATCHING, TRAPPING OR SCARING OF ANIMALS; APPARATUS FOR THE DESTRUCTION OF NOXIOUS ANIMALS OR NOXIOUS PLANTS
- A01M17/00—Apparatus for the destruction of vermin in soil or in foodstuffs
- A01M17/002—Injection of toxic gases or fluids into the soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
- Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of mango planting, and particularly discloses a method for preventing and controlling common gall midge of mango. The method for preventing and treating the common gall midge of the mango comprises the following steps: (1) thoroughly clearing the garden and turning the soil; (2) spraying on the ground: spraying chlorpyrifos on the ground and weeds around the ground; (3) covering weeding cloth on the whole garden; (4) pesticide spraying prevention: spraying abamectin when the mango flower spikes grow to 2-5 cm; when the mango flower spike grows to 10-15cm, the thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos are sprayed; spraying imidacloprid when the mango florets bloom to 9-12%; and spraying acetamiprid when the mango florets are opened to 30% -50%. The control method adopts a physical measure of covering the weeding cloth and combines the specific stage of targeted application during the period from the mango spica to the flowering, thereby not only effectively preventing the adult emergence of the common midge, reducing the incidence rate, but also effectively killing the common midge and having good control effect.
Description
[ technical field ] A
The invention relates to the technical field of mango planting, in particular to a method for preventing and controlling common gall midge of mango.
[ background of the invention ]
The common gall midge of the small mango belongs to the common gall midge of the gall midge family of diptera, and is a newly discovered gall midge pest which is harmful to mango. The insect pest is firstly discovered in Guangxi Baixi Yongjiang area in 2015, and is identified as a new insect pest for killing mango through expert research in 2018, and the new insect pest is a new species of gall midge family discovered for the first time in the world and is named as common gall midge of mango. The insect pest is harmful from the early flowering stage to the small fruit stage of mango, so that the flower spike of the mango is withered or young fruits fall off, the fruit setting of the mango is seriously influenced, and in recent years, the common gall midge of the small mango becomes increasingly serious in the white region of Guangxi, so that the yield of part of orchards is reduced.
At present, aiming at the prevention and control of common cecidomyiia, the conventional chemical prevention and control methods (spraying a single chemical agent), yellow plates and trap lamps are mainly used for preventing and controlling the cecidomyiia by referring to the existing prevention and control methods, but the prevention and control methods cannot achieve good prevention and control effects.
[ summary of the invention ]
The invention aims to: aiming at the problems, the method for preventing and controlling the common cecidomyiia miscanthus is provided. The control method of the invention adopts a physical measure of covering weeding cloth, can effectively prevent adult emergence of the common midge mango from emergence, reduces the incidence rate, combines the targeted application of medicines at different stages from the flowering period of mango spica to effectively kill the common midge mango, and has good control effect.
In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling the common gall midge of miscanthus sinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) Thoroughly clearing the garden and turning the soil: cleaning and turning over the orchard in 11-12 months every year, cleaning larger branches out of the orchard, intensively burning or burying smaller dead branches, fallen leaves and weeds, and rotary tillage and leveling soil with the surface layer of 10cm of the orchard land;
(2) Spraying on the ground: after the soil is ploughed, 1500 times of solution of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed on the orchard ground and weeds around the orchard ground for 1 time;
(3) Covering weeding cloth: after spraying the pesticide for 1d, covering the weeding cloth on the whole garden, and fixing the weeding cloth by using ground nails;
(4) Spraying and controlling: spraying abamectin for 1 time when mango flower spikes grow to 2-5 cm; spraying 1 time of thifense-chlorpyrifos when mango flower spike grows to 10-15 cm; spraying imidacloprid for 1 time when the mango florets bloom to 9-12%; spraying acetamiprid for 1 time when the mango florets are opened to 30% -50%.
Further, in the step (3), the specification of the weeding cloth is as follows: the mesh number was 12 mesh, the thickness was 0.3mm, and the length and width were 50m and 2.5m, respectively.
Further, in the step (3), the covering method of the weeding cloth comprises the following steps: an opening is formed in the side edge of the weeding cloth corresponding to each mango tree in the same row of mango trees, a mango tree trunk is sleeved in the weeding cloth through the opening, the left side and the right side of the opening are fixed in a closed mode through ground nails, and the overlapping width between every two adjacent weeding cloths is 4-6cm.
Further, in the step (4), the spraying method is to spray the ground and the tree crown at the same time.
Further, in the step (4), the abamectin is specifically 2000 times of 1.8% abamectin emulsifiable solution.
Further, in the step (4), the thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos are 2000 times of 30% thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos suspending agent.
Further, in the step (4), the imidacloprid is 5000 times of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules.
Further, in the step (4), the acetamiprid is specifically 2000-fold liquid of 40% acetamiprid soluble powder.
In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
firstly, the inventor discovers through observation and research that after mature larvae of the common midge mango are damaged, the midge is drilled to fall into the ground to be cocooned and pupated, and then the mature larvae emerge out of the ground to be damaged in the next year, aiming at the propagation characteristic of the common midge mango, the inventor pertinently adopts weeding cloth to carry out whole-garden covering, and the covering method is simple to operate and completely and tightly covers, thereby effectively preventing the emergence of the adult common midge mango from emerging, greatly reducing the incidence rate of the common midge mango in a mango orchard, and the incidence rate can be as low as 2.59%. Moreover, by specifically selecting the specification of the weeding cloth, on the basis of effectively preventing the emergence and the unearthing of the adult of the common cecidomyiia miscanthus, the nutrient utilization of the orchard is improved, the proper humidity is kept and the like, so that the yield and the quality of mangoes are improved.
Secondly, aiming at the characteristic that the common midge of mango is harmful from the initial stage of flower drawing to the small fruit stage of mango, specific medicines are sprayed at a specific stage according to the growth length of flower spikes and the openness degree of small flowers for combined control, so that the common midge of mango can be effectively killed, and the control effect is good. In particular, the inventor has found through experiments that the control effect of the common midge mangifera is affected by the different use orders of the four drugs, for example, the change of the use orders of the abamectin and the thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos can increase the occurrence rate of the common midge mangifera by 2.95%, and the change of the use orders of the abamectin and the imidacloprid can increase the occurrence rate of the common midge mangifera by 5.17%, so that the use orders of the drugs cannot be changed freely.
[ detailed description ] embodiments
The invention will now be further described with reference to specific examples.
Examples
A method for controlling the common gall midge of miscanthus sinensis comprises the following steps:
(1) Thoroughly clearing the garden and turning the soil: clearing and turning over the orchard every 11-12 months, cleaning larger branches out of the orchard, intensively burning or burying smaller dry branches, fallen leaves and weeds, and rotary tillage and leveling soil with 10cm of surface layer of the orchard land;
(2) Spraying on the ground: after the soil is ploughed, 1500 times of solution of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed on the orchard ground and weeds around the orchard ground for 1 time;
(3) Covering weeding cloth: selecting weeding cloth with 12 meshes, thickness of 0.3mm, length and width of 50m and 2.5m respectively, covering the weeding cloth on the whole garden after spraying for 1d, and fixing the weeding cloth by adopting ground nails, wherein the specific weeding cloth covering method comprises the following steps: an opening is formed in the side edge of the weeding cloth corresponding to each mango tree in the same row of mango trees, a mango tree trunk is sleeved in the weeding cloth through the opening, the left side and the right side of the opening are fixed in a closed mode through ground nails, and the overlapping width between every two adjacent weeding cloths is 4cm;
(4) Spraying and preventing: when the mango flower spike grows to 2-5cm, spraying 2000 times of 1.8% avermectin emulsifiable solution on the ground and the crown for 1 time; when the mango flower spike grows to 10-15cm, spraying 2000 times of 30% thistle and chlorpyrifos suspending emulsion on the ground and the crown for 1 time; when the mango florets are opened to 9-12%, spraying 5000 times of solution of 70% imidacloprid water dispersible granules on the ground and tree crowns for 1 time; when the mango blossoms to 30-50%, spraying 2000 times of liquid of 40% acetamiprid soluble powder on the ground and tree crowns for 1 time.
Comparative example 1: a method for controlling the common gall midge of mango fruit is basically the same as that in the example 1, and the difference is only that: in the step (3), the orchard is half-covered with the weeding cloth, namely the weeding cloth is not covered between two adjacent rows.
Comparative example 2: a method for controlling the common gall midge of mango fruit is basically the same as that in the example 1, and the difference is only that: and (4) in the step (3), the orchard is not covered with weeding cloth.
Control group: a method for controlling common cecidomyiia, which is substantially the same as that in example 1, except that: in the step (1), the garden is not thoroughly cleaned and the orchard is not covered with weeding cloth.
Effect verification:
in 2019 and 2020, in a mango orchard planted with Mangifera indica No. 1, the methods of the embodiment, the comparative examples 1-2 and the control group are respectively adopted for controlling the Aphidius gifuensis, and the incidence rate and the control effect of the Aphidius gifuensis in the current year are calculated in a statistical manner, wherein: incidence = number of damaged cherries/total number of investigated cherries × 100%; control effect = (control/blank occurrence-example/comparative example occurrence)/control occurrence; the results are shown in Table 1:
TABLE 1 comparison of control effectiveness of each group
As can be seen from the table 1, the method of thoroughly clearing the garden, completely covering the weeding cloth and spraying the specific medicine at a specific stage has good prevention and control effects on the common midge goiter, and the prevention and control effects in 2019 and 2020 can reach 94.96% and 90.55% respectively; as can be seen from comparative examples 1 and 2, the covering of the weeding cloth has a remarkable effect on the control of the fruit gall midge.
In the prevention and control research process of 2019, the inventor also performs the following comparative experiments on the types of the medicines in the pesticide spraying prevention and control in the step (4):
comparative example 1: in the step (4), when the mango flower spikes grow to 2-5cm, the 2000-time liquid of the 3% emamectin benzoate missible oil is used for replacing 2000-time liquid of the 1.8% abamectin missible oil to be sprayed on the ground and the tree crown for 1 time; the rest is the same as the examples.
Comparative example 2: in the step (4), when the mango flower spike grows to 10-15cm, the 2000-time liquid of the 30% thistle and chlorpyrifos suspending agent is replaced by 2000-time liquid of 40.8% chlorpyrifos missible oil to be sprayed on the ground and the tree crown for 1 time; the rest is the same as the embodiment.
Comparative example 3: in the step (4), when the mango florets are opened to 9-12%, spraying the ground and the crown for 1 time by using 2000 times of 20% of chlorofluroxypyr missible oil instead of 5000 times of 70% of imidacloprid water dispersible granules; the rest is the same as the embodiment.
Comparative example 4: in the step (4), when the mango florets are opened to 30-50%, 10% cypermethrin emulsifiable 2000-fold liquid is used for replacing 40% acetamiprid soluble powder 2000-fold liquid to be sprayed on the ground and the crown for 1 time; the rest is the same as the embodiment.
Blank group: in the step (4), clear water is adopted for spraying in the whole process; the rest is the same as the examples.
The control of the common midge is carried out by adopting the methods of comparative examples 1-4 and a blank group, and the incidence rate and the control effect of the common midge in the current year are calculated statistically, and the results are shown in a table 2:
TABLE 2 comparison of control effect of each group
| Group of | Incidence (%) | Control effect (%) |
| Comparative example 1 | 11.28 | 73.43 |
| Comparative example 2 | 9.43 | 77.79 |
| Comparative example 3 | 23.01 | 45.80 |
| Comparative example 4 | 31.07 | 26.80 |
| Blank group | 42.45 | - |
From the data in table 2, it can be seen that: firstly, although the emamectin benzoate emulsifiable solution and the chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution are commonly used insecticides for gall midge pests, the action performance of the insecticide is similar to that of the abamectin emulsifiable solution and the thiacloprid chlorpyrifos insecticide used in the invention, but the incidence rates of the two comparative examples after the replacement application are obviously higher than 2.59% of the application example, the control effect on the small fruit midge is general, because the adult of the small fruit midge mainly lays eggs on the flower ears during the period from the ear sprouting of the mango to the opening of the small flower, and the invention selects the abamectin emulsifiable solution with stronger permeability and the compound thiacloprid chlorpyrifos to effectively kill the adult and the egg of the small fruit midge; second, although the chlorofluroxypyr emulsifiable concentrate and the cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate are also common insecticides in the field, the control effect on the pongamia mangifera after replacement application is poor, because the pongamia mangifera larvae are mainly harmful to mango ovary in the initial flowering period of mango, and the chlorofluroxypyr emulsifiable concentrate and the cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate cannot effectively kill the larvae due to the fact that the application of the chlorofluroxypyr emulsifiable concentrate and the cypermethrin emulsifiable concentrate cannot effectively kill the larvae. Thus, not all insecticides are applicable to the present invention, and the combination of agents of the present embodiment is more applicable to the present invention.
The above description is for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and all changes and modifications that can be made within the spirit of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. A method for preventing and controlling common gall midge of mango comprises the following steps:
(1) Thoroughly clearing the garden and turning the soil: clearing and turning over the orchard every 11-12 months, cleaning larger branches out of the orchard, intensively burning or burying smaller dry branches, fallen leaves and weeds, and rotary tillage and leveling soil with 10cm of surface layer of the orchard land;
(2) Spraying on the ground: after the soil is ploughed, 1500 times of 45% chlorpyrifos emulsifiable solution is sprayed on the orchard ground and weeds around the orchard ground for 1 time;
(3) Covering weeding cloth: after spraying the herbicide for 1d, covering the weeding cloth on the whole garden, and fixing the weeding cloth by adopting ground nails;
(4) Spraying and preventing: spraying abamectin for 1 time when mango flower spikes grow to 2-5 cm; spraying 1 time of the thibetan-chlorpyrifos when the mango flower spike grows to 10-15 cm; spraying imidacloprid for 1 time when the mango florets bloom to 9-12%; when the mango blossoms to 30% -50%, acetamiprid is sprayed for 1 time, wherein the abamectin is 1.8% of abamectin emulsifiable solution of 2000 times; the said thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos is a 30% thiacloprid and chlorpyrifos suspending agent 2000 times liquid; the imidacloprid is specifically 5000-fold liquid of 70 percent imidacloprid water dispersible granules; the acetamiprid is specifically 2000-fold liquid of 40% acetamiprid soluble powder.
2. The method for controlling the purcidium miracidium according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the weeding cloth is in the specification of: the mesh number is 12 meshes, the thickness is 0.3mm, and the length and the width are respectively 50m and 2.5m.
3. The method for controlling the common cecidomyiia in the small fruit trees according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the covering method of the weeding cloth is as follows: an opening is formed in the side edge of the weeding cloth corresponding to each mango tree in the same row of mango trees, a mango tree trunk is sleeved in the weeding cloth through the opening, the left side and the right side of the opening are fixed in a closed mode through ground nails, and the overlapping width between every two adjacent weeding cloths is 4-6cm.
4. The method for controlling the common cecidomyiia with mango fruits according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the spraying method is that the ground and the crown are sprayed simultaneously.
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