CN112960929A - 电石渣钙质原料制备硫硅酸钙-硅酸二钙-硫铝酸钙体系及提升水泥后期强度的方法 - Google Patents
电石渣钙质原料制备硫硅酸钙-硅酸二钙-硫铝酸钙体系及提升水泥后期强度的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
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Abstract
电石渣钙质原料制备电石渣钙质原料制备硫硅酸钙‑硅酸二钙‑硫铝酸钙体系及提升水泥后期强度的方法属于建筑材料技术领域,利用不同的工业废渣在高温下煅烧制备出以硫硅酸钙为主要矿物,硅酸二钙和无水硫铝酸钙为辅的
Description
技术领域
背景技术
硫铝酸盐水泥是以适当比例的石灰石、矾土和石膏为原料,经低温(1300~1350℃)煅烧而成的以无水硫铝酸钙和硅酸二钙为主要矿物组成的熟料,掺加适量石膏共同粉磨所制成的水硬性胶凝材料。目前硫铝酸盐水泥在我国已成为最大规模非硅酸盐类特种水泥,年生产和应用量接近220万吨,硫铝酸盐水泥具有早期强度高、凝结速度快、碱度低、微膨胀、耐侵蚀和抗冻性优良等特点,广泛应用于冬季施工、快速施工、修补修缮、海洋及地下等各种特种工程。虽然硫铝酸盐水泥的性能优良,但也存在后期强度增长缓慢,凝结时间不易调节以及膨胀不稳定等性能缺陷。针对以上问题,大多数研究人员通过在水泥中加入减水剂如磺化三聚氰胺树脂和萘系减水剂,降低水灰比的同时从而保证水泥在一定工作性能。还有学者在1300-1350℃煅烧制备并探究了高贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥,这种水泥在一定程度上改善了凝结时间过快的现象,但是水泥后期强度发展缓慢。
硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥是两种水泥的复配,把硅酸盐水泥与硫铝酸盐水泥的优点整合,既具备快硬早强、抗渗性能好等优点,又具有后期强度高的特性,两者的性能得到很好的互补,在对于硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥的研究中表明,硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥复合体系的性能优于单一水泥的性能,在混合后明显提高了传统水泥的性能,进而更好更高的满足了实际的施工需求。
沈燕等人发现了硫硅酸钙对于硫铝酸盐水泥的促进作用,硫硅酸钙(4CaO·2SiO2·CaSO4)是硫铝酸盐水泥熟料煅烧过程中的一种过渡性矿物,硫硅酸钙矿物的最佳形成温度为1050℃~1200℃,超过1250℃时会分解为C2S和CaSO4。以往它被认为是一种惰性矿物,在传统硫铝酸盐水泥生产中都会避免该矿物形成;但是后期研究发现,硫铝酸盐水泥中的硫铝酸钙水化产生的Al(OH)4 -对硫硅酸钙的水化活性具有显著的激发作用,并且硫硅酸钙在水化过程中释放出石膏,进一步促进钙矾石的形成和稳定,同时水泥的力学性能也得到显著改善,解决硫铝酸盐水泥早起微膨胀、后期强度蓄力不足增长率不高的问题。
前人研究制备出的通过直接降低温度生成含有硫硅酸钙的硫铝酸盐水泥熟料影响了水泥的后期强度,同时利用纯药品制备硫硅酸钙又存在一定的经济成本问题。因此本发明提出利用电石渣钙质原料合成硫硅酸钙矿物来改善传统硫铝酸盐水泥或者硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥强度。
发明内容
针对目前技术发展的不足,本发明利用取材方便、成本低廉的电石渣等废渣煅烧制备的体系,并按照一定的比例添加到硫铝酸盐水泥或者硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐复合水泥中,进而使水泥后期强度提高并保持稳定,便于工程技术大规模上生产应用。
本发明采用的具体技术方案如下:
制备生料:首先按照硫硅酸钙(4CaO·2SiO2·CaSO4)的化学计量式,根据Bogue公式,计算出原料的配比,①电石渣:硅灰:磷石膏为54:20:26②电石渣:硅灰:脱硫石膏为53:28:19,按照质量比分别进行配料,经混料机混合均匀,粒径过0.08mm方孔筛,放入模具压制成型;
(1)将三种生料在100℃的烘箱内干燥24h小时以上,使其中水分充分挥发后,按照计算出的原料配比配好后置于混料机中混合均匀,取出后得到生料。
(2)煅烧:将混合好的生料放入模具压制成型,并在1150℃、1175℃、1200℃三个温度下分别下进行煅烧,煅烧时间2小时,煅烧完成后保温2h,取出后在空气中冷却到室温。
(3)经球磨机粉磨至细度为200目筛,且筛余≤10%,得到硫硅酸钙矿物。
(4)将利用电石渣等废渣制备出的硫硅酸钙取量进行XRD定性、定量分析,得到矿物组分。
本发明中采用的均是工业废渣电石渣、硅灰和磷石膏,鉴于废渣中还含有氧化铝、氧化镁和氧化钠等其他矿物质,这些杂质相作为矿化剂更有利于硫硅酸钙的合成。
本发明所述的烧结产品中硫硅酸钙的最高含量为87.26%,硅酸二钙的含量在6%~25%之间,含有少量无水硫铝酸钙。
作为上述方案的备选,石膏还可以选为脱硫石膏,成本低廉且实施便宜。
作为优选,制备的硫硅酸钙的矿物中,硫硅酸钙的质量份为40%~90%,硅酸二钙质量份为10%~40%,制备矿物中含有的硅酸二钙,少量的贝利特组分会对改善硫铝酸盐水泥后期强度产生有利影响。
本发明具有以下的优点:
(1)本发明利用电石渣钙质原料制备体系及其提升硫铝酸盐水泥后期强度的方法,来提高传统硫铝酸盐水泥或者硅酸盐-硫铝酸盐水泥强度,改良传统水泥的性能,优势在于合成工艺简单,操作难度系数低,原料丰富广泛,既解决了环境污染、大量堆存问题,有效的利用了资源,又能改善硫铝酸盐水泥的物理性能。
(3)将矿物体系作为添加剂加入到硫铝酸盐水泥中,其水化溶解后与其他矿物发生反应生成CSH凝胶和钙矾石,促进了硫铝酸盐水泥强度的增加,解决硫铝酸盐水泥后期强度蓄力不足的问题,提高了水泥后期强度增长率,降低硫铝酸盐水泥干缩对水泥本身体积稳定性的影响,改良了硫铝酸盐水泥应用上的不足,促进了硫铝酸盐水泥的大规模生产应用。
(4)本矿物体系的煅烧成品中含有少量的贝利特组分,在硅酸二钙水化后,对硫铝酸盐水泥的后期强度起到有利影响。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
电石渣钙质原料制备体系及提升水泥后期强度的方法,具体实施步骤及结果如下:根据Bogue公式计算,得到电石渣、硅灰和磷石膏的配比:电石渣54%,硅灰20%和磷石膏26%,配料完成后将生料粉磨至100~200目细度,混合均匀,并压制成型,在1150℃、1175℃、1200℃三个温度条件下分别煅烧,煅烧时间为2小时,煅烧完成后保温2小时,将其煅烧物取出后在空气中冷却至室温,再经球磨机粉磨至200目细度并且筛余小于10%,即可得到粉末状的以硫硅酸钙为主要成分的矿物组分。
对上述实施例1中合成的以硫硅酸钙为主要成分的矿物进行X射线衍射测定实验并进行了TOPAS定量测量各组分含量,经测定在温度为1200℃下硫硅酸钙的含量最高,其中含有硫硅酸钙87.26%,硅酸二钙9.88%,无水硫铝酸钙0.62%。
实施例2
电石渣钙质原料制备体系及提升水泥后期强度的方法,具体实施步骤及结果如下:根据Bogue公式计算,得到电石渣、硅灰和脱硫石膏的配比:电石渣53%,硅灰28%,脱硫石膏19%,脱硫石膏作为石膏成本经济的优化选择,配料完成后将生料粉磨至100~200目细度,混合均匀,并压制成型,在1150℃、1175℃、1200℃三个温度条件下分别煅烧,煅烧时间为2小时,煅烧完成后保温2小时,将其煅烧物取出后在空气中冷却至室温,再经球磨机粉磨至200目细度并且筛余小于10%,即可得到粉末状的以硫硅酸钙为主要成分的矿物组分。
对上述实施例2中合成的以硫硅酸钙为主要成分的矿物进行X射线衍射测定实验并进行了TOPAS定量测量各组分含量,经测定在1150℃下硫硅酸钙的含量最高,其中含有硫硅酸钙67.34%,硅酸二钙22.72%,无水硫铝酸钙3.60%。
实验时,采取硫铝酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料,并按照12%质量比例加入实施例中制备出的硫硅酸钙矿物,按照标准将其制备成水泥试件,同时设置一组未加入硫硅酸钙的水泥作为对比参照物,根据国标GB/T 17671-1999《水泥强度检验方法》测到的强度,如下表所示。
表1抗压强度
Claims (2)
1.电石渣钙质原料制备电石渣钙质原料制备硫硅酸钙-硅酸二钙-硫铝酸钙体系的方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)配料:将电石渣、硅灰、磷石膏或脱硫石膏分别经粉磨机粉磨,过200目筛,质量比分别为:①电石渣:硅灰:磷石膏为54:20:26或②电石渣:硅灰:脱硫石膏为53:28:19,按照质量比分别进行配料,经混料机混合均匀,粒径过0.08mm方孔筛,放入模具压制成型;
(2)煅烧:将(1)中压制好的生料试饼进行煅烧并保温,①组生料煅烧温度为1200℃,②组生料煅烧温度为1150℃,煅烧时间为2小时,保温时间为2小时;
(3)冷却:将(2)中煅烧后的成品取出后20分钟内冷却至室温,再进行粉磨,即得到以硫硅酸钙为主要组分的矿物。
2.应用如权利要求1所述体系提升水泥后期强度的方法,其特征在于:将制备出的硫硅酸钙作为添加剂,硫铝酸盐水泥为基料,质量百分比为:硫铝酸盐水泥80%,硫硅酸钙5-15%,硬石膏5-15%,且三种物料质量百分比总和为100%。
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