CN112943306A - Roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on instability deformation research - Google Patents
Roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on instability deformation research Download PDFInfo
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- CN112943306A CN112943306A CN202110264552.3A CN202110264552A CN112943306A CN 112943306 A CN112943306 A CN 112943306A CN 202110264552 A CN202110264552 A CN 202110264552A CN 112943306 A CN112943306 A CN 112943306A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D20/00—Setting anchoring-bolts
- E21D20/02—Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for grouting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D21/00—Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
- E21F16/00—Drainage
Abstract
The invention discloses a roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research and steps thereof, by adopting different construction processes in the construction stage of the upper disc protection rock pillar on the fault and the construction stage of the fault section, meanwhile, different supporting processes are carried out on the sections of different faults, so that the supporting body and different rock masses on the inner wall of the roadway can form a whole body with high homogeneity, the supporting body is stressed uniformly, so as to enhance the protection capability of the roadway passing through the fault in the retaining process, prevent the support body from unstably deforming, prolong the service life of the support body, by adopting a step type construction method, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed secondly, the principle of 'excavating while supporting' is followed, the excavation of the roadway is quickly and timely supported so as to prevent the previously excavated roadway from collapsing caused by vibration generated in the excavation process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of roadway support, in particular to a roadway fault zone support method based on instability deformation research and the field of steps.
Background
Along with the increase of coal mining depth, mine geological conditions become more complex, especially faults with different sizes cut, break and separate a well field, great difficulty is brought to mine mining, especially faults cause fault section rock breaking, unstable roadway sections are located in fault breaking zones, roadway surrounding rock cracks are relatively developed, surrounding rocks are affected by limestone water and argillization to cause lithologic integrity to be damaged and disintegrated, under the action of various stresses, crushing and swelling damage and soft rock rheology occur, hard rocks can play a good role in supporting, even under the condition that mining depth is not too large, but if the roadway is excavated in soft rocks and soft rocks containing complex components, supporting is extremely difficult, rocks in a natural state can be divided into consolidated rocks, cohesive rocks and granular rocks according to the combination characteristics among solid mineral particles of the rocks, Fluid rock (such as quicksand) and the like, wherein the consolidation rock is rock which is in rigid connection with solid particles of synthetic rock minerals and can keep a certain shape after being crushed;
in the construction of coal mine tunnels, most of the rocks are consolidation rocks, such as sandstone, limestone, sandy shale, argillaceous shale, mud shale, siltstone and the like, and more rare rocks such as igneous rock and marl rock are encountered. Therefore, for mines, the important point is to research and solve the relevant properties and characteristics of consolidated rock, water has obvious influence on the stability of surrounding rocks and supporting bodies of the roadway, and as water molecules invade, the physical state of the rock can be changed, and the bonding force among particles is weakened; and meanwhile, the expansive rock in the roadway surrounding rock can generate physical and chemical reactions (such as anhydrite, anhydrous mirabilite and glauberite), so that the water content of the rock is increased along with the continuous time, the mining level of a mine is deepened, and the pressure of an overlying layer is increased. All underground projects are influenced by the pressure of an upper covering layer, the mining depth is increased, and the pressure of the upper covering layer borne by a roadway is correspondingly increased;
meanwhile, the stability of the original roadway is locally damaged by the stress disturbance of multiple mining. The roadway undergoes the damage process of disturbance-stabilization-disturbance-stabilization for many times, the fractured rock mass is continuously developed, and the final destabilization deformation is caused by the mechanical effect of seepage on the stress field of the roadway surrounding rock fractured rock mass;
in addition to the traditional combined supporting technology or the method of using some special steel and section steel to ensure the strength, the method mainly adopts grouting reinforcement, pipe shed method advance and pre-injection construction, freezing method and shield method, however, the method has the following defects: the long-term stability of the roadway support passing through the fault under the conditions of long-distance water, crushing, argillization and asymmetric stress cannot be solved; secondly, the construction is complex, the supporting cost of the roadway is high, and the roadway is more difficult to repair after the supporting is damaged;
therefore, according to the surrounding rock argillization instability and rheological mechanism of the fault fracture zone, the project is supposed to explore and implement the following new roadway support technology, and a roadway fault zone support method and steps based on instability deformation research are provided.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention mainly aims to provide a roadway fault zone supporting method and a roadway fault zone supporting step based on instability deformation research, which can effectively solve the problems in the background technology.
The invention aims to provide a roadway fault zone supporting method and steps based on instability deformation research.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:
a roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research comprises a multi-layer strong sealing layer arranged inside a roadway body, a grouting anchor rod is mounted on the surface of the strong sealing layer, a steel wire mesh is connected to the surface of the strong sealing layer in a clinging mode and wound on the surface of the grouting anchor rod, a measuring scale is fixedly mounted on the surface of the inner-most strong sealing layer, a water layer of the roadway body is provided with a water detecting hole and a water guiding hole, a water leading port is formed in the side portion of the roadway body, a pressure relief groove is formed in a region where bottom stress is concentrated of the roadway body, a replacement plate is arranged at the fault of the roadway body, concrete foundations are fixedly mounted at the bottoms of two sides of the roadway body, equal-strength anchor rods are fixedly mounted at the inner bottom of the concrete foundations, and a composite anchor rod is fixedly mounted at the inner bottom of the pressure relief groove, the water tank is arranged on the surface of the concrete foundation at the position where the water quantity of the roadway is concentrated, and the grouting anchor rod, the steel wire mesh and the strong and tough sealing layer are combined to form an integral structure which takes the steel wire mesh as a radial bone and is matched with a multi-layer concrete spraying layer and the grouting anchor rod to form a high-strength structure with a highly-close rock surface and a compact spraying layer.
A further development of the invention is that the steps comprise: 1) preparing a construction stage in an early stage; 2) a construction stage of hanging wall protection rock pillars on the fault; 3) a broken layer construction stage; 4) and (4) at the construction stage of the fault footwall protecting rock mass, the construction process of the step 2 is the same as that of the step 4.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific construction steps of the step 3 are as follows:
301): detecting the detailed fault condition by using a geological detection radar, and punching at least 3 detection holes towards the head direction when the distance is 1m from the fault, so as to further detect the fault condition, including the water-containing condition and the rock breaking degree;
302): if the fault has large water content or the rock is extremely broken, a honeycomb high-strength intensive advanced guide pipe is adopted to perform pre-grouting before tunneling construction, on one hand, water is sealed, on the other hand, the broken surrounding rock is solidified, so that favorable conditions are created for tunneling construction, then, the fault is uncovered by drilling and blasting, and measures of more drilling, less charging and small blasting are adopted for reducing the disturbance of blasting on the surrounding rock stratum;
303): if the water content of the fault is small, water in the fault is led out by adopting a water guide hole and a water guide hole before tunneling construction, then a strong sealing layer is injected into a gap of a rock surface to consolidate surrounding rocks, and if the water content of the fault is large, soft rocks on the side wall of the roadway are replaced by adopting a plate replacement mode;
304): in order to facilitate construction and better fix the bottom, a step construction method is still adopted during construction, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed, only one circulation progress is constructed each time, the upper part is advanced, and the lower part is constructed by the step construction method with two circulation progresses, and the construction time is not more than 1.5 meters;
305): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
306): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, a pressure relief groove is formed, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is additionally hung, grouting is conducted, and fourth-time grouting is conducted;
307): after two to three cycles of upper tunneling according to the working procedures, starting the first cycle of the lower construction, drilling a hole, blasting, discharging waste rocks, and performing permanent supporting operation; firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-layer grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, primary grouting is carried out, and secondary grouting is carried out; and finally, drilling a second-level grouting anchor rod, grouting for the second time, and spraying for the third time to close the roadway. When a bottom grouting anchor rod hole and a blast hole are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protect the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charge of an anchor rod;
308): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a totally-enclosed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above processes form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, an observation measuring scale needs to be strengthened to complete daily monitoring and control of the roadway, and a supporting body is reinforced and supported in due time.
The step type construction method is adopted, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking the basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed secondly, and the excavation of the roadway is supported quickly and timely according to the principle of 'excavation while supporting', so that the phenomenon that the previously excavated roadway collapses due to vibration generated in the excavation process is prevented, and the step type construction method has better safety and creativity.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific construction steps of the step 1 are as follows:
101): before entering the well, the safety training work of each worker is well done, the construction safety technical measures are implemented, and the well entering work is performed after the examination is qualified;
102): before construction, a production system must be perfected, and the production system route and links are dredged to ensure the safe and smooth ventilation, transportation, drainage and pedestrian routes;
103): the fault condition is detected in advance before construction, detailed fault drilling data including fault occurrence, pressure, crushing degree, hydrology and the like are provided, and all drill holes are tightly plugged before construction;
104): and (4) giving a middle waist line of the roadway before starting operation so as to accurately control the azimuth and the gradient of the roadway.
The invention has the further improvement that the specific construction steps of the step 2 are as follows:
201): drawing a contour line of a rough section of the roadway and blasting a hole by a construction unit according to the middle waist line; in blasting or pneumatic pick tunneling, the circulating footage of the upper step and the lower step is 700-750 mm and must be strictly controlled;
202): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
203): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is additionally hung, grouting is carried out, and fourth-time grouting is carried out;
204): and after two to three cycles of upper tunneling are carried out according to the procedures, the first cycle of the lower part of the construction is started. Drilling a lower hole, blasting, discharging waste rock, and performing permanent support operation: firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-layer grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, primary grouting is carried out, and secondary grouting is carried out; and finally, drilling a second-level grouting anchor rod, grouting for the second time, and spraying for the third time to close the roadway. When a bottom grouting anchor rod hole and a blast hole are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protect the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charge of an anchor rod;
205): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a fully-closed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above procedures form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, the daily monitoring and control of the roadway must be enhanced, and the supporting and supporting are reinforced timely.
The invention has the further improvement that the flow of the construction process of the unstable surrounding rock construction stage before and after the fault plane is as follows: the step 205 further includes: and when the normal section is constructed to be 10m away from the fault, stopping tunneling, and after grouting reinforcement is carried out on 20m of the formed roadway, starting advancing drilling in front of tunneling of the roadway and performing advanced conduit grouting sealing work on the periphery of the cross section.
The invention is further improved in that the grouting anchor rod is a self-fixing, internal self-closing and pressure-controlling grouting device, so that stable pressure and pressure-retaining grouting is realized, and the patent number of the grouting anchor rod is CN 203130032U.
The invention has the further improvement that after the pressure relief groove is excavated, the pressure relief time is 5-12 days, which is mainly determined according to the surrounding rock crushing and argillization conditions.
The invention is further improved in that the pressure relief groove must be excavated after the third layer of support of the strong sealing layer is completed.
Different construction processes are adopted in the construction stage of the protective rock pillar and the construction stage of the fault section on the fault, different supporting processes are carried out on the sections of different faults simultaneously, so that the supporting body and different rock masses on the inner wall of the roadway can form a whole with high homogeneity, the stress of the supporting body is uniform, the protective capacity of the roadway through the fault in the maintaining process is enhanced, the situation of instability and deformation of the supporting body is prevented, the service life of the supporting body is prolonged, and the supporting device has better practicability and creativity.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. different construction processes are adopted in the construction stage of the protective rock pillar and the construction stage of the fault section on the fault, different supporting processes are carried out on the sections of different faults simultaneously, so that the supporting body and different rock masses on the inner wall of the roadway can form a whole with high homogeneity, the stress of the supporting body is uniform, the protective capacity of the roadway through the fault in the maintaining process is enhanced, the situation of instability and deformation of the supporting body is prevented, the service life of the supporting body is prolonged, and the supporting device has better practicability and creativity.
2. By adopting a step type construction method, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed secondly, and the excavation of the roadway is supported quickly and timely according to the principle of 'excavation while supporting', so that the collapse of the previously excavated roadway caused by vibration generated in the excavation process is prevented, and the step type construction method has better safety and creativity.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the interior of a roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research.
Fig. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roadway with a fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research.
Fig. 3 is a schematic construction step flow diagram of a roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research.
Fig. 4 is a schematic flow chart of an early preparation construction stage of the roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research.
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the construction process flow of the upper disc protective rock pillar construction stage of the roadway fault zone supporting method based on the instability deformation research.
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fault section construction process flow of the roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research.
In the figure: 1. a strong and tough sealing layer; 2. grouting an anchor rod; 3. a pressure relief groove; 4. steel wire mesh; 5. measuring a scale; 6. replacing the plate; 7. a water detecting hole; 8. a water guide hole; 9. a water diversion port; 10. a concrete foundation; 11. an equal-strength anchor rod; 12. a water tank; 13. and (4) compounding the anchor rod.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical means, the original characteristics, the achieved objects and the functions of the present invention easy to understand, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate the orientation or the positional relationship based on the orientation or the positional relationship shown in the drawings, and are only for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, but not for indicating or implying that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. The invention will be further illustrated with reference to specific embodiments.
Example 1
As shown in figures 1 and 2, the roadway fault zone supporting method and the steps based on the instability deformation research comprise a multi-layer strong and tough seal layer (1) arranged inside a roadway body, a grouting anchor rod (2) is arranged on the surface of the strong and tough seal layer (1), a steel wire mesh (4) is connected on the surface of the strong and tough seal layer (1) in a clinging mode, the steel wire mesh (4) is wound on the surface of the grouting anchor rod (2), a measuring scale (5) is fixedly arranged on the surface of the innermost strong and tough seal layer (1), a water probing hole (7) and a water guiding hole (8) are formed in the water layer of the roadway body, a water diversion port (9) is formed in the side part of the roadway body, a pressure relief groove (3) is formed in the bottom stress concentration area of the roadway body, a replacement plate block (6) is arranged at the fault part of the roadway body, a concrete foundation (10) is fixedly arranged at the bottoms of two sides of the roadway body, and an equal-strength anchor rod (11, the interior bottom fixed mounting of pressure release groove (3) has compound stock (13), and basin (12) have been seted up on the surface of the concrete foundation (10) of the concentrated department of tunnel water yield, and slip casting stock (2), wire net (4) and tough seal coat (1) combination become to use wire net (4) as the footpath bone, and the multilayer concrete guniting layer of cooperation and slip casting stock (2) form the overall structure that has highly close-fitting rock face, the closely knit high strength nature of gunning layer.
The embodiment can realize that: the method of roadway small holes and porous pressure-bearing water → establishment of a solid excavation base point → closed mud fluid → block column type replacement of a muddy weak surface → implementation of dynamic active support → strong plate support structure is adopted, and the convergence support stability is obviously improved compared with the traditional support.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 3-6, a roadway fault zone supporting method and steps based on instability deformation research includes the steps: 1) preparing a construction stage in an early stage; 2) a construction stage of hanging wall protection rock pillars on the fault; 3) a broken layer construction stage; 4) and (4) in the construction stage of the fault footwall protecting rock mass, the construction process of the step 2 is the same as that of the step 4.
As an implementation manner in this embodiment, the specific construction steps of step 3 are as follows:
301): detecting the detailed fault condition by using a geological detection radar, and punching at least 3 detection holes towards the head direction when the distance is 1m from the fault, so as to further detect the fault condition, including the water-containing condition and the rock breaking degree;
302): if the fault has large water content or the rock is extremely broken, a honeycomb high-strength intensive advanced guide pipe is adopted to perform pre-grouting before tunneling construction, on one hand, water is sealed, on the other hand, the broken surrounding rock is solidified, so that favorable conditions are created for tunneling construction, then, the fault is uncovered by drilling and blasting, and measures of more drilling, less charging and small blasting are adopted for reducing the disturbance of blasting on the surrounding rock stratum;
303): if the water content of the fault is small, water in the fault is led out by adopting a water guide hole (8) and a water guide hole before tunneling construction, then a strong sealing layer (1) is injected into a gap of a rock surface to solidify surrounding rocks, and if the water content of the fault is large, soft rocks on the side wall of the roadway are replaced by adopting a plate replacement mode;
304): in order to facilitate construction and better fix the bottom, a step construction method is still adopted during construction, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed, only one circulation progress is constructed each time, the upper part is advanced, and the lower part is constructed by the step construction method with two circulation progresses, and the construction time is not more than 1.5 meters;
305): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
306): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod (2) is drilled, a pressure relief groove (3) is formed, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is additionally hung, grouting is carried out, and fourth-time grouting is carried out;
307): after two to three cycles of upper tunneling according to the working procedures, starting the first cycle of the lower construction, drilling a hole, blasting, discharging waste rocks, and performing permanent supporting operation; firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-level grouting anchor rod (2) is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, and primary grouting and secondary grouting are carried out; and finally, a second-level grouting anchor rod (2) is driven, grouting is carried out for the second time, and third-time grouting is carried out to close the roadway. When a hole and a blast hole of a bottom grouting anchor rod (2) are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protecting the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charging of the anchor rod;
308): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a totally-enclosed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above processes form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, an observation measuring scale (5) needs to be strengthened to complete daily monitoring and control of the roadway, and a supporting body is reinforced and supported in time.
As an implementation manner in this embodiment, the specific construction steps in step 1 are as follows:
101): before entering the well, the safety training work of each worker is well done, the construction safety technical measures are implemented, and the well entering work is performed after the examination is qualified;
102): before construction, a production system must be perfected, and the production system route and links are dredged to ensure the safe and smooth ventilation, transportation, drainage and pedestrian routes;
103): the fault condition is detected in advance before construction, detailed fault drilling data including fault occurrence, pressure, crushing degree, hydrology and the like are provided, and all drill holes are tightly plugged before construction;
104): and (4) giving a middle waist line of the roadway before starting operation so as to accurately control the azimuth and the gradient of the roadway.
As an implementation manner in this embodiment, the specific construction steps of step 2 are as follows:
201): drawing a contour line of a rough section of the roadway and blasting a hole by a construction unit according to the middle waist line; in blasting or pneumatic pick tunneling, the circulating footage of the upper step and the lower step is 700-750 mm and must be strictly controlled;
202): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
203): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod (2) is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, grouting is conducted, and fourth-time grouting is conducted;
204): and after two to three cycles of upper tunneling are carried out according to the procedures, the first cycle of the lower part of the construction is started. Drilling a lower hole, blasting, discharging waste rock, and performing permanent support operation: firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-level grouting anchor rod (2) is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, and primary grouting and secondary grouting are carried out; and finally, a second-level grouting anchor rod (2) is driven, grouting is carried out for the second time, and third-time grouting is carried out to close the roadway. When a hole and a blast hole of a bottom grouting anchor rod (2) are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protecting the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charging of the anchor rod;
205): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a fully-closed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above procedures form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, the daily monitoring and control of the roadway must be enhanced, and the supporting and supporting are reinforced timely.
As an implementation manner in this embodiment, step 205 further includes: and when the normal section is constructed to be 10m away from the fault, stopping tunneling, and after grouting reinforcement is carried out on 20m of the formed roadway, starting advancing drilling in front of tunneling of the roadway and performing advanced conduit grouting sealing work on the periphery of the cross section.
As an implementation mode in the embodiment, after the pressure relief groove (3) is excavated, the pressure relief time is 5-12 days, which is mainly determined according to the surrounding rock crushing and argillization conditions.
As an embodiment of the embodiment, the pressure relief groove (3) is dug after the third-level support of the tough sealing layer (1) is finished.
The embodiment can realize that: different construction processes are adopted in the construction stage of protecting the rock pillar and the construction stage of the fault section on the fault, different support processes are carried out on the sections of different faults simultaneously, so that the support body and different rock masses on the inner wall of the roadway can form a whole with high homogeneity, the stress of the support body is uniform, the protection capability of the roadway passing through the fault in the maintaining process is enhanced, the unstable deformation of the support body is prevented, the service life of the support body is prolonged, the practicability and the creativity are better, the step type construction method is adopted, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a base arch line as a boundary, the part above the base arch line is firstly constructed, the part below the base arch line is constructed, the excavation of the roadway is quickly and timely supported according to the principle of 'excavation and support at the same time', and the collapse of the roadway which is previously excavated due to the vibration generated in the excavation process is prevented, has better safety and creativity.
The foregoing shows and describes the general principles and broad features of the present invention and advantages thereof. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, which are described in the specification and illustrated only to illustrate the principle of the present invention, but that various changes and modifications may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, which fall within the scope of the invention as claimed. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (8)
1. A roadway fault zone supporting method based on instability deformation research and steps are characterized in that: the tunnel comprises a multi-layer strong and tough sealing layer arranged in a tunnel body, wherein a grouting anchor rod is arranged on the surface of the strong and tough sealing layer, a steel wire mesh is tightly attached to the surface of the strong and tough sealing layer and wound on the surface of the grouting anchor rod, a measuring scale is fixedly arranged on the surface of the innermost strong and tough sealing layer, a water layer of the tunnel body is provided with a water detecting hole and a water guiding hole, the side part of the tunnel body is provided with a water leading port, a pressure relief groove is arranged in a region with concentrated bottom stress of the tunnel body, a replacement plate block is arranged at the fault of the tunnel body, concrete foundations are fixedly arranged at the bottoms of two sides of the tunnel body, equal-strength anchor rods are fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the concrete foundations, composite anchor rods are fixedly arranged at the inner bottom of the pressure relief groove, and water grooves are arranged on the surface of the concrete foundations with concentrated water amount, the grouting anchor rod, the steel wire mesh and the strong and tough sealing layer are combined to form an integral structure which takes the steel wire mesh as a radial bone and is matched with a multi-layer concrete shotcrete layer and the grouting anchor rod to form high-strength and high-density spraying layer and highly closely attached rock surface.
2. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 1, characterized in that: the steps include: 1) preparing a construction stage in an early stage; 2) a construction stage of hanging wall protection rock pillars on the fault; 3) a broken layer construction stage; 4) and (4) at the construction stage of the fault footwall protecting rock mass, the construction process of the step 2 is the same as that of the step 4.
3. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific construction steps of the step 3 are as follows:
301): detecting the detailed fault condition by using a geological detection radar, and punching at least 3 detection holes towards the head direction when the distance is 1m from the fault, so as to further detect the fault condition, including the water-containing condition and the rock breaking degree;
302): if the fault has large water content or the rock is extremely broken, a honeycomb high-strength intensive advanced guide pipe is adopted to perform pre-grouting before tunneling construction, on one hand, water is sealed, on the other hand, the broken surrounding rock is solidified, so that favorable conditions are created for tunneling construction, then, the fault is uncovered by drilling and blasting, and measures of more drilling, less charging and small blasting are adopted for reducing the disturbance of blasting on the surrounding rock stratum;
303): if the water content of the fault is small, water in the fault is led out by adopting a water guide hole and a water guide hole before tunneling construction, then a strong sealing layer is injected into a gap of a rock surface to consolidate surrounding rocks, and if the water content of the fault is large, soft rocks on the side wall of the roadway are replaced by adopting a plate replacement mode;
304): in order to facilitate construction and better fix the bottom, a step construction method is still adopted during construction, the section of the roadway is divided into an upper step and a lower step by taking a basic arch line as a boundary, the part above the basic arch line is constructed firstly, the part below the basic arch line is constructed, only one circulation progress is constructed each time, the upper part is advanced, and the lower part is constructed by the step construction method with two circulation progresses, and the construction time is not more than 1.5 meters;
305): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
306): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, a pressure relief groove is formed, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is additionally hung, grouting is conducted, and fourth-time grouting is conducted;
307): after two to three cycles of upper tunneling according to the working procedures, starting the first cycle of the lower construction, drilling a hole, blasting, discharging waste rocks, and performing permanent supporting operation; firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-layer grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, primary grouting is carried out, and secondary grouting is carried out; finally, a second-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, grouting is carried out for the second time, and third-time grouting is carried out to close the roadway;
when a bottom grouting anchor rod hole and a blast hole are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protect the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charge of an anchor rod;
308): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a totally-enclosed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above processes form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, an observation measuring scale needs to be strengthened to complete daily monitoring and control of the roadway, and a supporting body is reinforced and supported in due time.
4. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific construction steps of the step 1 are as follows:
101): before entering the well, the safety training work of each worker is well done, the construction safety technical measures are implemented, and the well entering work is performed after the examination is qualified;
102): before construction, a production system must be perfected, and the production system route and links are dredged to ensure the safe and smooth ventilation, transportation, drainage and pedestrian routes;
103): the fault condition is detected in advance before construction, detailed fault drilling data including fault occurrence, pressure, crushing degree, hydrology and the like are provided, and all drill holes are tightly plugged before construction;
104): and (4) giving a middle waist line of the roadway before starting operation so as to accurately control the azimuth and the gradient of the roadway.
5. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 2, characterized in that: the specific construction steps of the step 2 are as follows:
201): drawing a contour line of a rough section of the roadway and blasting a hole by a construction unit according to the middle waist line; in blasting or pneumatic pick tunneling, the circulating footage of the upper step and the lower step is 700-750 mm and must be strictly controlled;
202): carrying out temporary support, carrying out primary spraying treatment on a rock surface, carrying out guniting sealing on the rock on the upper part of the exposed working surface or hanging a rib-preventing net, after primary spraying, drilling an anchor rod hole for the first time under a capped point column, and using an internal injection type single support column when the capped point column is worn;
203): carrying out permanent supporting operation: firstly, drilling a first-level anchor rod according to design requirements, drilling two rows of anchor rods by a first circulation footage, hanging a steel wire rope, tightening the steel wire rope to be tightly attached to a layer surface, and performing secondary guniting; then, a second-level anchor rod is drilled, a steel wire rope is hung, and concrete is sprayed for the third time; finally, a third-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is additionally hung, grouting is carried out, and fourth-time grouting is carried out;
204): after two to three cycles of upper tunneling according to the procedures, starting the first cycle of the lower part of the construction;
drilling a lower hole, blasting, discharging waste rock, and performing permanent support operation: firstly, primary spraying is carried out on the lower part, then a first-layer grouting anchor rod is drilled, a reinforcing steel bar square grid is hung, primary grouting is carried out, and secondary grouting is carried out; finally, a second-level grouting anchor rod is drilled, grouting is carried out for the second time, and third-time grouting is carried out to close the roadway;
when a bottom grouting anchor rod hole and a blast hole are drilled, floating waste rocks on a bottom plate are cleaned to a hard bottom, and attention is paid to protect the hole opening to prevent broken waste rocks or sundries from entering the hole to influence the installation or charge of an anchor rod;
205): after the upper and lower sections are completely supported, a fully-closed comprehensive supporting system is formed, the supporting strength of the roadway is greatly improved, the stability of the roadway support can be well kept, the above procedures form a cycle, each cycle is constructed according to the same method, and after the roadway construction is finished, the daily monitoring and control of the roadway must be enhanced, and the supporting and supporting are reinforced timely.
6. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 5, characterized in that: the step 205 further includes: and when the normal section is constructed to be 10m away from the fault, stopping tunneling, and after grouting reinforcement is carried out on 20m of the formed roadway, starting advancing drilling in front of tunneling of the roadway and performing advanced conduit grouting sealing work on the periphery of the cross section.
7. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 1, characterized in that: after the pressure relief groove is excavated, the pressure relief time is 5-12 days, which is mainly determined according to the surrounding rock crushing and argillization conditions.
8. The roadway fault zone supporting method and step based on the instability deformation research according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pressure relief groove must be excavated after the third level of support of the tough sealing layer is completed.
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