CN112916994A - Ultrasonic resistance spot welding device and method for dissimilar metal - Google Patents
Ultrasonic resistance spot welding device and method for dissimilar metal Download PDFInfo
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- CN112916994A CN112916994A CN202110268393.4A CN202110268393A CN112916994A CN 112916994 A CN112916994 A CN 112916994A CN 202110268393 A CN202110268393 A CN 202110268393A CN 112916994 A CN112916994 A CN 112916994A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/10—Spot welding; Stitch welding
- B23K11/11—Spot welding
- B23K11/115—Spot welding by means of two electrodes placed opposite one another on both sides of the welded parts
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K11/00—Resistance welding; Severing by resistance heating
- B23K11/36—Auxiliary equipment
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ultrasonic resistance spot welding device and method for dissimilar metals, belonging to the technical field of welding and comprising a first electrode, a second electrode, an ultrasonic generating mechanism and a vibrating piece; the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially arranged at two sides of the overlapped metal plate, and the welding head of the first electrode is opposite to the welding head of the second electrode; the vibrating piece is sleeved outside the welding head of the second electrode, forms a vibrating head with the welding head of the second electrode and is in contact with the metal plate, and the ultrasonic generating mechanism is connected to the vibrating piece and used for providing ultrasonic waves for the vibrating piece to enable the vibrating piece to vibrate along the axial direction of the first electrode and the axial direction of the second electrode. According to the invention, the second electrode is sleeved with the annular vibrating piece, so that the first electrode can be conveniently moved and the second electrode can be conveniently fixed, the indentation rate and the warping of an upper workpiece can be effectively reduced, the welding working space is saved, and the industrial production and manufacturing are facilitated; in addition, the failure of the ultrasonic wave caused by the phase difference of the common amplitude of the first electrode, the second electrode and the vibrating piece is avoided.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic resistance spot welding device and method for dissimilar metals.
Background
The resistance spot welding of dissimilar metals connects two or more materials with different properties together by a spot welding method, thereby satisfying the use performance and reducing the production cost at the same time, and realizing the maximization of resource utilization. The lightweight automobile is an important approach for solving the problem of resource waste in modern society, and light alloy materials such as aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy and the like become important automobile body structure materials due to low density, high strength, strong corrosion resistance and good processability. But due to the requirements of price and bearing strength, dissimilar metal welding with steel is usually considered in engineering, so that the performance requirement can be met, and the lightweight, economic and environment-friendly automobile is realized.
When dissimilar metal resistance spot welding with different melting points and conductivity is carried out, a 'nugget shift' phenomenon can occur in a welding stage, particularly steel and aluminum (the difference of the melting points is more than 600 ℃), namely aluminum is firstly locally melted on a steel-aluminum contact surface, but the steel is not melted, but a nugget is often formed inside workpiece steel; when the traditional resistance spot welding is cooled and crystallized, a joint formed by welding easily forms a brittle phase intermetallic compound with over-thickness and larger crystal size; the difference of the linear expansion coefficients inevitably has larger thermal stress at two sides of the welding joint, so that the generation tendency of cracks is increased; the surface of the aluminum and the aluminum alloy is heated to rapidly generate an oxide film with a high melting point, and welding seam slag inclusion is formed. The problems of enlarging the size of an aluminum nugget, reducing the thickness of a steel aluminum compound on a contact surface and refining the size of grains are solved when steel aluminum is subjected to spot welding.
The common light alloy is easy to oxidize, the ultrasonic resistance spot welding can effectively remove an oxide film on the surface of a workpiece by utilizing ultrasonic vibration, the fluidity and the spreadability of the liquid light alloy on the interface of the two workpieces are increased during welding, the two workpieces are effectively combined, crystal grains are refined during cooling and solidification, shrinkage cavities are removed, residual stress is weakened, and a stress field is improved. At present, ultrasonic waves are introduced into resistance spot welding, an upper electrode and a lower electrode are set as common electrodes for resistance welding and ultrasonic welding in the prior art, and a single row of common electrodes on two sides of a coaxial line is adopted to apply pressure and current to a workpiece to generate resistance heat and friction heat. However, the length of the amplitude transformer of the ultrasonic spot welder determines the amplitude and is not easy to replace, and a larger working space is occupied; meanwhile, the amplitude of the upper and lower electrodes may also cause ultrasonic failure due to the phase difference.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above defects or improvement requirements of the prior art, the present invention provides an ultrasonic resistance spot welding device and method for dissimilar metals, which aims to mount a vibrating member on a second electrode and vibrate a vibrating head along an axial direction of the second electrode, thereby solving the technical problem of ultrasonic failure caused by phase difference in amplitudes of upper and lower electrodes in the prior art.
To achieve the above object, according to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided an ultrasonic resistance spot welding apparatus for dissimilar metals, comprising: the ultrasonic generator comprises a first electrode, a second electrode, an ultrasonic generating mechanism and a vibrating piece;
the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially arranged at two sides of the overlapped metal plate, and the welding head of the first electrode is opposite to the welding head of the second electrode;
the vibrating piece is sleeved outside the welding head of the second electrode, forms a vibrating head with the welding head of the second electrode and is in contact with the metal plate; the ultrasonic generating mechanism is connected to the vibrating piece and used for providing ultrasonic waves for the vibrating piece to enable the vibrating piece to vibrate along the axial direction of the first electrode and the axial direction of the second electrode.
Preferably, the ultrasonic generating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic transducer and an ultrasonic amplitude transformer, the ultrasonic transducer is arranged on one side of the second electrode, and two ends of the ultrasonic amplitude transformer are respectively connected to the ultrasonic transducer and the vibrating piece.
Preferably, the ultrasonic horn is detachably connected to the ultrasonic transducer and the vibration member.
Preferably, the first electrode and the second electrode are both provided with a cavity for containing cooling water inside.
Preferably, the horn of the first electrode is a spherical horn or an annular horn.
Preferably, the horn of the second electrode is a spherical horn or an annular horn.
According to another aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for ultrasonic resistance spot welding of dissimilar metals, comprising the steps of,
s1, prepressing: respectively placing a first electrode and a second electrode on two sides of the overlapped metal plate and applying pressure to the overlapped metal plate to enable a vibration head to be in close contact with the surface of the metal plate, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic generating mechanism to enable the vibration head to perform ultrasonic vibration on the surface of the metal plate;
s2, welding stage: passing a current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and heating the overlapped metal plates by using resistance heat generated by the current passing through the overlapped metal plates and friction heat and plastic heat generated by ultrasonic vibration to form a nugget between the two metal plates;
s3, ultrasonic-assisted cooling crystallization stage: and maintaining the pressure of the overlapped metal plates of the first electrode and the second electrode pair, stopping introducing current to the first electrode and the second electrode, and cooling and crystallizing the nuggets under the action of the pressure and the ultrasonic vibration.
Preferably, the first electrode and the second electrode are coaxially arranged, and the vibration direction of the vibration head is along the axial direction of the first electrode and the second electrode.
Preferably, the current in step S2 is a direct current, a pulse current or an alternating current, and the current is 0-30A.
Preferably, in step S3, the pressure is maintained for 0-10S, and the ultrasonic vibration is maintained for 0-3S.
In general, compared with the prior art, the above technical solution contemplated by the present invention can achieve the following beneficial effects:
1. according to the ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals, the second electrode is sleeved with the annular vibrating piece, so that the first electrode can be moved and the second electrode can be fixed conveniently, the vibrating head is in contact with a hard workpiece, the indentation rate and the warping of the upper workpiece can be effectively reduced, the welding working space is saved, and the industrial production and manufacturing are facilitated; in addition, the failure of the ultrasonic wave caused by the phase difference of the common amplitude of the first electrode, the second electrode and the vibrating piece is avoided.
2. According to the ultrasonic resistance spot welding method for dissimilar metals, in the prepressing stage, the ultrasonic vibration can effectively remove the oxide film on the surface of the workpiece, the workload of cleaning the oxide film is reduced, and the phenomenon of splashing caused by the oxide film in the welding stage is avoided; in the welding stage, the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic wave has a cavitation effect, a high-temperature and high-pressure environment can be generated in a very short time and a very small space, the wettability of a low-melting point is increased, the ultrasonic wave has a sound-plastic effect, the yield strength of a material can be reduced, and the effective contact area of two workpieces is fully enlarged; in the cooling crystallization stage, the high-frequency vibration of the ultrasonic wave can change the form of a second phase of the workpiece, eliminate columnar crystal grains, obtain isometric crystals, refine the crystal grains of the dissimilar metal compound, increase the toughness and the strength and improve the welding quality.
3. The ultrasonic resistance spot welding method for dissimilar metals, provided by the invention, limits the pressure maintenance time after welding to 0-10s and the ultrasonic maintenance time after welding to 0-3s, and leads to the generation of cracks at the edge of a nugget due to overlong standing and maintaining time, thereby improving the welding quality.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic resistance spot welding apparatus for dissimilar metals according to the present invention.
The same reference numbers will be used throughout the drawings to refer to the same or like elements or structures, wherein: 1-a first electrode; 2-a second electrode; 3-an ultrasonic transducer; 4-ultrasonic amplitude transformer; 5-a vibrating member; 6-current; 7-cooling water; 8-a first workpiece; 9-a second workpiece; 10 electrode force.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention. In addition, the technical features involved in the embodiments of the present invention described below may be combined with each other as long as they do not conflict with each other.
As shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides an ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals, which comprises a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2, an ultrasonic transducer 3, an ultrasonic horn 4 and a vibrating member 5. The welding method is used for welding two metal workpieces with different melting points and strengths, wherein the first workpiece 8 is made of light alloy with low melting point or low strength, and the second workpiece 9 is made of hard alloy with high melting point or high strength.
In the embodiment of the invention, the structure of the device comprises a first electrode 1, a first workpiece 8, a second workpiece 9, a vibrating piece 5 and a second electrode 2 from top to bottom, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are coaxially arranged, and a welding head of the first electrode 1 and a welding head of the second electrode 2 respectively contact the upper surface of the first workpiece 8 and the lower surface of the second workpiece 9.
Further, the vibrating element 5 is an annular structure, and is sleeved on the welding head of the second electrode 2 to form a vibrating head with the welding head of the second electrode 2, the vibrating head is in close contact with the lower surface of the lower workpiece 9, the ultrasonic transducer 3 is disposed on one side of the second electrode 2, the ultrasonic transducer 3 converts an electrical signal into an ultrasonic wave, and the ultrasonic wave passes through the ultrasonic amplitude transformer 4 to drive the vibrating element 5 to vibrate, where it is to be noted that the vibrating direction of the vibrating element 5 is along the axial direction of the second electrode 2, that is, the longitudinal vibration shown in fig. 1.
In a further description, the first electrode 1 and the second electrode 2 are each provided with a cavity for containing cooling water 7.
As the preferred embodiment of the invention, the ultrasonic horn 4 is detachably arranged, and the ultrasonic horn can be replaced according to the amplitude requirement of the vibrating piece 5 so as to achieve the purpose of welding.
Specifically, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for ultrasonic resistance spot welding of dissimilar metals, which specifically includes the following steps:
step S1, pre-pressing stage: and respectively placing the first electrode and the second electrode at two sides of the overlapped metal plate, applying pressure to the overlapped metal plate to enable the vibration head to be in close contact with the surface of the metal plate, and simultaneously starting the ultrasonic generating mechanism to enable the vibration head to perform ultrasonic vibration on the surface of the metal plate.
Specifically, a first workpiece with a low melting point is fixed on a second workpiece with a high melting point in sequence, a first electrode and a vibration head are used for applying an electrode force 10 to the workpiece to be welded, the vibration head is enabled to be in close contact with the workpiece to be welded, and meanwhile, an ultrasonic generating mechanism is started at preset time, so that the vibration head conducts ultrasonic vibration on the surface of the second workpiece.
Preferably, the low-melting-point first workpiece is a low-melting-point alloy such as an aluminum alloy and a magnesium alloy; the high-melting-point second workpiece is made of high-melting-point alloy such as steel, titanium alloy and the like.
Wherein the pre-pressing time is controlled to be more than 0.3s, the first electrode and the second electrode are spherical electrodes or annular electrodes, and the diameter of the end face of each electrode is 4-20 mm; the ultrasonic vibration direction is longitudinal vibration, the amplitude is 0-40 μm, and the frequency is 15-60 Hz; the thickness of the first workpiece and the second workpiece is 0-3mm, and the welding force of the first electrode and the second electrode is 0-4 kN.
Step S2, welding stage: a current 6 is applied between the first electrode and the second electrode, and the overlapped metal plates are heated by resistance heat generated by the passage of the current through the overlapped metal plates and frictional heat and plastic heat generated by ultrasonic vibration, so that a nugget is formed between the two metal plates.
Specifically, the welding current is direct current, alternating current or pulse current, the current value is 0-30kA, and the welding time is 0.1-1 s.
Step S3, ultrasonic-assisted cooling crystallization stage: and maintaining the pressure of the overlapped metal plates of the first electrode and the second electrode pair, stopping introducing current to the first electrode and the second electrode, and cooling and crystallizing the nuggets under the action of the pressure and the ultrasonic vibration.
Specifically, in the cooling crystallization process, the ultrasonic generating mechanism is closed after a preset time is reached. Wherein the pressure maintaining time after welding is 0-10s, and the maintaining time after ultrasonic welding is 0-3s, so as to avoid the generation of cracks at the edge of the nugget caused by overlong time.
The technical solution of the present invention is further illustrated by the following specific examples:
example 1
The device and the method are adopted to weld the 606l aluminum alloy workpieces of 75 Lx25Wx1.3Tm3Trip780 steel and 75 Lx25Wx1.6Tm3, and the specific operation is as follows,
fixing workpiece steel and workpiece aluminum by using a clamp, wherein the workpiece aluminum is arranged above the workpiece steel, driving a first electrode and a second electrode to apply welding force of 3200N to a welded workpiece by using a servo control device, wherein the pre-pressing time is 1s, and starting an ultrasonic generating mechanism at 0.7s to enable a vibrating piece to vibrate on the surface of the workpiece steel, the amplitude is 30 mu m, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz; introducing welding alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the current amplitude is 19kA, and the heating time is 0.3 s; and in the cooling crystallization stage, the pressure maintaining time after resistance welding is 1s, and the ultrasonic maintaining time is 0.3 s.
Example 2
Welding 75 using the apparatus and method of the present inventionLx25Wx1.5Tmm3Trip780 steels and 75Lx25Wx2Tmm3The specific operation of the 606l aluminum alloy workpiece is as follows:
fixing workpiece steel and workpiece aluminum by using a clamp, wherein the workpiece aluminum is arranged above the workpiece steel, driving a first electrode and a second electrode to apply welding force of 3400N to a welded workpiece by using a servo control device, wherein the pre-pressing time is 1s, and starting an ultrasonic generating mechanism at 0.7s to enable a vibrating head to vibrate on the surface of the workpiece steel, the amplitude is 35 mu m, and the ultrasonic frequency is 20 kHz; introducing welding alternating current between the first electrode and the second electrode, wherein the current amplitude is 22kA, and the heating time is 0.4 s; and in the cooling crystallization stage, the pressure maintaining time after resistance welding is 2s, and the ultrasonic maintaining time is 0.3 s.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the invention, and that any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals, characterized in that the device comprises: the ultrasonic transducer comprises a first electrode (1), a second electrode (2), an ultrasonic generating mechanism and a vibrating piece (5);
the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (2) are coaxially arranged at two sides of the overlapped metal plate, and a welding head of the first electrode (1) is opposite to a welding head of the second electrode (2);
the vibrating piece (5) is sleeved outside the welding head of the second electrode (2), forms a vibrating head with the welding head of the second electrode (2) and is in contact with the metal plate; the ultrasonic generating mechanism is connected to the vibrating piece (5) and used for providing ultrasonic waves for the vibrating piece (5) to enable the vibrating piece to vibrate along the axial direction of the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (2).
2. The ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals according to claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic generating mechanism comprises an ultrasonic transducer (3) and an ultrasonic horn (4), the ultrasonic transducer (3) is arranged on one side of the second electrode (2), and two ends of the ultrasonic horn (4) are respectively connected to the ultrasonic transducer (3) and the vibrating member (5).
3. An ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals according to claim 2, wherein said ultrasonic horn (4) is detachably attached to said ultrasonic transducer (3) and said vibrating member (5).
4. A device for ultrasonic resistance spot welding of dissimilar metals according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the first electrode (1) and the second electrode (2) are each internally provided with a cavity containing cooling water.
5. An ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the welding head of the first electrode (1) is a spherical welding head or an annular welding head.
6. An ultrasonic resistance spot welding device for dissimilar metals according to claim 5, wherein the welding head of the second electrode (2) is a spherical welding head or an annular welding head.
7. A spot welding method using the ultrasonic resistance spot welding apparatus for dissimilar metals according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized by comprising the steps of,
s1, prepressing: respectively placing a first electrode and a second electrode on two sides of the overlapped metal plate and applying pressure to the overlapped metal plate to enable a vibration head to be in close contact with the surface of the metal plate, and simultaneously starting an ultrasonic generating mechanism to enable the vibration head to perform ultrasonic vibration on the surface of the metal plate;
s2, welding stage: passing a current between the first electrode and the second electrode, and heating the overlapped metal plates by using resistance heat generated by the current passing through the overlapped metal plates and friction heat and plastic heat generated by ultrasonic vibration to form a nugget between the two metal plates;
s3, ultrasonic-assisted cooling crystallization stage: and maintaining the pressure of the overlapped metal plates of the first electrode and the second electrode pair, stopping introducing current to the first electrode and the second electrode, and cooling and crystallizing the nuggets under the action of the pressure and the ultrasonic vibration.
8. A dissimilar metal ultrasonic resistance spot welding method according to claim 7, wherein said first electrode and said second electrode are coaxially disposed, and a vibration direction of said vibration head is along an axial direction of said first electrode and said second electrode.
9. The ultrasonic resistance spot welding method for dissimilar metals according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the current in step S2 is a direct current, a pulse current or an alternating current, and the magnitude of the current is 0 to 30A.
10. The ultrasonic resistance spot welding method for dissimilar metals according to claim 9, wherein in step S3, the time of said pressure is 0 to 10S, and the maintenance time of said ultrasonic vibration is 0 to 3S.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114871608A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 东北林业大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted arc spot welding device and using method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN114871608A (en) * | 2022-06-20 | 2022-08-09 | 东北林业大学 | Ultrasonic-assisted arc spot welding device and using method |
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