CN108500411B - Ultrasonic brazing device and method based on needle type welding head - Google Patents

Ultrasonic brazing device and method based on needle type welding head Download PDF

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CN108500411B
CN108500411B CN201810258578.5A CN201810258578A CN108500411B CN 108500411 B CN108500411 B CN 108500411B CN 201810258578 A CN201810258578 A CN 201810258578A CN 108500411 B CN108500411 B CN 108500411B
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welding head
welding
ultrasonic
heating
brazing
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CN108500411A (en
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李卓霖
董红杰
罗衍旭
宋晓国
郭夏君
田皓
赵洪运
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Harbin Institute of Technology Weihai
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/06—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering making use of vibrations, e.g. supersonic vibrations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/0004—Resistance soldering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/002—Soldering by means of induction heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K1/00—Soldering, e.g. brazing, or unsoldering
    • B23K1/20—Preliminary treatment of work or areas to be soldered, e.g. in respect of a galvanic coating
    • B23K1/206—Cleaning

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Pressure Welding/Diffusion-Bonding (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an ultrasonic brazing device and a method based on a needle type welding head, which are particularly suitable for realizing homogeneous or heterogeneous butt joint, angle joint and T-shaped joint interconnection of ceramic materials, metal materials and composite materials, and is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic system, a heating system and a walking device system, wherein the ultrasonic system is provided with an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, a vibration transmission rod, an energy concentrator and a welding head; compared with the prior art, the invention has the obvious advantages of simple equipment, short process period, flexible operation and the like.

Description

Ultrasonic brazing device and method based on needle type welding head
The technical field is as follows:
the invention relates to the technical field of welding, in particular to an ultrasonic brazing device and method based on a needle type welding head, which are particularly suitable for realizing homogeneous or heterogeneous butt joint, angle joint and T-shaped joint interconnection of ceramic materials, metal materials and composite materials.
Background art:
brazing is used as a key technology for traditional manufacturing industry and electronic device packaging, and is widely applied to the fields of aerospace, petrochemical industry, rail transit, automobile manufacturing, clean energy and the like. With the rapid development of modern industry, heterogeneous material members are largely put into engineering application because of their good comprehensive properties. The physical, chemical and mechanical properties of dissimilar materials such as ceramics, metals and composite materials are greatly different, the interconnection of the dissimilar materials is difficult to realize by a conventional welding method, and how to realize high-efficiency and high-quality interconnection gradually becomes a hotspot and a difficulty of current research.
Domestic and foreign researches show that the brazing quality is determined by the wetting, spreading and joint filling of the brazing filler metal in the brazing seam. The quality of a soldered joint is improved by continuously developing high-quality solder and improving a soldering process in the traditional soldering, and the introduction of an external energy field provides a new thought and a new research direction for improving the performance of the soldering process. In the process of transferring the liquid brazing filler metal, along with cavitation and acoustic flow effects, the explosion of cavitation bubbles in the liquid brazing filler metal causes the conversion of surface energy to heat energy and chemical energy, local high temperature and high pressure are generated, accompanying shock waves bombard the surface of a base metal, so that an oxide film is peeled off or pitted, the solid-liquid interface tension is reduced, the joint filling capacity of the brazing filler metal is improved, the wettability of the brazing filler metal is improved, the metallurgical reaction of the brazing filler metal and the base metal is promoted, and effective interconnection is finally realized. The ultrasonic effect can effectively refine crystal grains and improve the mechanical property of the interconnection joint. However, the traditional ultrasonic auxiliary brazing has the defects of serious ultrasonic power loss, poor temperature uniformity, strict requirements on the size of materials and the like, and in addition, only the interconnection of lap joints can be realized, so that the application is greatly limited. Other external energy field auxiliary brazing methods such as electric field auxiliary brazing and magnetic field auxiliary brazing have technical defects of unobvious magnetic stirring effect, unobvious mass transfer promotion process and the like.
The invention content is as follows:
aiming at the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention provides an ultrasonic brazing device and method based on a pin type welding head, which are particularly suitable for realizing homogeneous or heterogeneous butt joint, angle joint and T-shaped joint interconnection of ceramic materials, metal materials and composite materials.
The invention can be achieved by the following measures:
an ultrasonic brazing device based on a needle type welding head is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic system, a heating system and a traveling device system, wherein the ultrasonic system is provided with an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, a vibration transmission rod, an energy concentrator and a welding head;
the heating system is provided with a hot plate, a hot plate temperature control module, a welding head heating coil and a heating coil temperature control module, the hot plate temperature control module is connected with the hot plate, the welding head heating coil is arranged on the outer side of the welding head, and the heating coil temperature control module is connected with the welding head heating coil;
the walking device system is provided with a mechanical arm for controlling the welding head to move and a control mechanism of the mechanical arm; the welding fixture is used for fixing base materials to be interconnected and is arranged on the hot plate;
the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic generator is 0-3000W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-120KHz, when the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a longitudinal seam and the groove type is V-shaped, the welding head is wedge-shaped, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is designed to be wedge-shaped, and the angle range is 20-120 degrees; when the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a longitudinal seam and the groove type is U-shaped, the welding head type is U-shaped, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is designed into U-shaped, the radius range of the circular arc is 0.2-10mm, and the angle of the straight edges at two sides is 10-45 degrees; when the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a circular seam, the welding head is conical, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is conical, and the range of the conical degree is 0.3-3.5.
The front end design of the welding head is not limited to the above forms, and the welding head is designed according to the type of the groove and the shape of the welding seam in the specific welding process, so that the working surface of the welding head is ensured to have good contact with the interface to be interconnected.
The welding head material of the invention is selected from high temperature resistant, wear resistant and high hardness materials, such as high quality white steel, tungsten and alloy thereof.
The welding head is fixed on the energy concentrator in a riveting or welding mode, so that the relative movement between the welding head and the energy concentrator is avoided; or the welding head is fixed on the energy collector in a screw fastening mode, and the contact surface is required to be smooth and clean so as to ensure the transmission efficiency of ultrasonic energy.
The working temperature range of the heating plate and the heating coil of the welding head is between room temperature and 1000 ℃; the heating mode adopted by the hot plate is resistance heating or electromagnetic induction heating; the heating mode of the heating coil is an electromagnetic induction coil or a resistance heating coil; the heating mode can also adopt a high-energy beam heating method.
The invention also provides a method for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials by using the ultrasonic brazing device based on the needle type welding head, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cleaning, washing and drying a welding fixture for later use, cleaning and drying a base material for later use, wherein the base material is a ceramic material, a metal material, a composite material and the like, and assembling the base material to form a to-be-welded joint sample;
step 2: filling brazing filler metal in a welding seam, wherein the brazing filler metal is selected to be powdery or filamentous or is directly prefabricated in the welding seam, heating a sample structure of a joint to be welded through a heating system to melt the brazing filler metal, heating a welding head to a temperature slightly higher than the actual temperature of the brazing filler metal, pressing the welding head into the molten brazing filler metal, moving the welding head according to a preset track, and simultaneously applying an ultrasonic action;
and step 3: the welding head is moved out of the drill seam, heating and ultrasonic action are stopped, and the sample is cooled to obtain a reliable interconnection joint.
In the brazing method step 1, before the process starts, the welding fixture is sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solution to be subjected to ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10min respectively, then the welding fixture is placed in a drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 120-250 ℃ for 1-5 h, and the welding fixture is placed in the drying oven for later use after being cooled.
In the brazing method, in step 1, a base material is a homogeneous or heterogeneous metal material, a ceramic material or a composite material, wherein the metal material comprises common simple substances of copper, nickel, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, iron, platinum, gold, silver and the like and alloys thereof; the ceramic material comprises: alumina, beryllia, zirconia, zinc oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, cubic boron nitride, niobium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, diamond, K9 glass, silica, and the like; the composite material comprises: metal-based composite materials of aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and the like and alloys thereof, and non-metal-based composite materials of ceramics, graphite, carbon and the like.
In the brazing method step 1, the base metal is in a sheet or block shape, and is beveled to ensure that the welding head can directly go deep into the bottom of the bevel, so that the welding head can move and swing as necessary, wherein a thinner material is beveled in a V or U shape, and a thicker material is beveled in a double V or double U shape.
In the brazing method step 1, 3000-mesh sand paper or a diamond grinding disc is adopted to polish the interfaces of base metals to be interconnected, then the base metals are sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solutions to be ultrasonically cleaned for 3-10min respectively, then the base metals are placed in a drying oven to be dried at the temperature of 120-250 ℃ for 1-5 h, and the base metals are placed in the drying oven to be reserved after being cooled.
In step 2 of the soldering method, in order to ensure a lower soldering temperature, a Sn-based solder is adopted, active elements such as Ti, Mg, Al, Cr and the like are added, such as Sn-x% Al (wt.%, x ═ 0-2), Sn-x% Ti (wt.%, x ═ 0-4), Sn-x% Cr (wt.%, x ═ 0-4), and an appropriate reaction temperature is selected according to a melting point of the solder, and the heating temperature ranges from 200 ℃ to 450 ℃.
In the step 2 of the brazing method, high-temperature brazing filler metal such as Ag-Cu-Ti, Al-Si and the like can be adopted according to the weldability of the materials to be interconnected and the service conditions of the interconnection joint, the proper reaction temperature is selected according to the melting point of the brazing filler metal, and the heating temperature range of a hot plate and a heating coil is 500-800 ℃.
In step 2 of the brazing method, in order to avoid oxidation of the to-be-interconnected base metal and the brazing filler metal in the heating process, inert gas protection can be performed on an operation area, and nitrogen, argon, helium and the like can be selected.
In the step 2 of the brazing method, modes such as electromagnetic induction heating, resistance heating and the like or a composite heating mode can be adopted, and for some high-temperature brazing filler metals, high-energy beam auxiliary heat sources such as laser, electric arc and the like can be adopted, and the brazing filler metals are heated and melted by adopting a mode of moving synchronously with a welding head.
In the step 2 of the brazing method, the walking device system controls the welding head to apply pressure to the sample to be welded within the range of 0-1 MPa.
In the step 2 of the brazing method, a single-layer welding mode is adopted for the base metal to be interconnected with the plate thickness not more than 5mm, and in the welding process, the moving speed range of a welding head is controlled to be 0-10mm/s by the traveling device system.
In the step 2 of the brazing method, a multilayer welding mode is adopted for the base metals to be interconnected with the plate thickness exceeding 5mm, namely, in the welding process, the working surface of a welding head scans interfaces to be welded layer by layer, and the traveling device system controls the moving speed range of the welding head to be 0-10 mm/s.
In the step 3 of the brazing method, after the ultrasonic action is finished, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, the heating is stopped, the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled at the cooling rate of 2-10 ℃/min, the sample and the clamp are cooled to the room temperature, and the sample is taken down from the clamp.
According to the ultrasonic brazing method based on the needle type welding head, in the transmission process of the liquid brazing filler metal, along with cavitation and acoustic flow effects, the explosion of cavitation bubbles in the liquid brazing filler metal causes the surface energy to be converted into heat energy and chemical energy, local high temperature and high pressure are generated, and the surface of a base metal is bombarded by the accompanying shock wave, so that the peeling or pitting of an oxide film is caused, the wettability of the brazing filler metal is improved, the metallurgical reaction of the brazing filler metal and the base metal is promoted, and effective interconnection is finally realized; by adopting two external field auxiliary processes, the wetting, spreading and gap filling of the brazing filler metal are promoted, and the quality of the interconnection joint is improved.
The invention overcomes the harsh condition that the traditional brazing needs vacuum or protective atmosphere environment, and greatly reduces the equipment cost; compared with the conventional ultrasonic auxiliary welding method, the requirement on the size of the material is low, the interconnection of the materials with large size, large plate thickness and high quality can be realized, and the ultrasonic loading mode of a needle type welding head is adopted, so that the loss of ultrasonic power is effectively reduced; in the ultrasonic brazing process, the heating temperature is low, the joint grains can be refined by ultrasound, and the problem of large residual stress of the traditional brazed joint is effectively solved. In addition, the traditional ultrasonic-assisted brazing process is only used for realizing the interconnection of the lap joints, and the ultrasonic brazing process based on the pin type welding head adopted by the invention can realize the interconnection of the butt joints, is not limited to the ultrasonic brazing process, and can further realize the interconnection of the angle joint and the T-shaped joint.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the remarkable advantages of simple equipment, short process period, flexible operation and the like, greatly reduces the cost, is suitable for large-scale industrial production, and has great application prospect in the connection field of homogeneous or heterogeneous ceramic materials, metal materials, composite materials and the like.
Description of the drawings:
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of butt joints, angle joints, T-shaped joints and their bevel forms in the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the design of a weld head according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: the device comprises a mechanical arm 1, a control system 2, a hot plate temperature control module 3, a hot plate 4, a welding fixture 5, a base metal 6, a base metal 7, a welding fixture 8, a welding head heating coil temperature control module 9, a welding head heating coil 10, a welding head 11, an energy concentrator 12, a vibration transmission rod 13, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer 14 and an ultrasonic generator 15.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
the invention is described below as a preferred embodiment in conjunction with the practical examples. The technical solution of the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments listed below, and includes any combination of the specific embodiments.
Example 1:
a method for realizing copper-aluminum heterogeneous metal interconnection based on ultrasonic brazing of a needle type welding head comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the welding fixture in orange oil and acetone solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning for 5min respectively, placing in a blowing type drying oven for drying at 200 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling, and placing in the drying oven for later use; respectively 1060 aluminum and T2 pure copper serving as parent metals to be interconnected, wherein the thickness of the parent metals to be interconnected is 1mm, a V-shaped groove is formed in the parent metals to be interconnected, the angle of the bevel face is 30 degrees, a wedge-shaped welding head is adopted at the front end, the angle is 60 degrees, the material is tungsten-rhenium alloy, the groove is polished by 3000-mesh abrasive paper, then the groove is sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solutions for ultrasonic cleaning for 3min, then the groove is placed in a blowing type drying box for drying at the temperature of 200 ℃ for 2h, and the groove is placed in the drying box for later use after being cooled; assembling the parent metal to be interconnected to ensure that the material to be interconnected and the clamp do not move relatively in the process;
step 2: in the process, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-2% Ti (wt.%) solder is selected, a prefabrication mode is adopted to fill a welding seam, a hot plate is adopted to heat, the reaction temperature is 250 ℃, the assembled structure is subjected to heat preservation for proper time, after the solder is melted, a welding head is immersed into the welding seam through a mechanical arm to be contacted with a base metal and applied with pressure, the welding head moves along the direction of the welding seam according to a pre-programmed program, and meanwhile, an ultrasonic action is applied, wherein the ultrasonic vibration direction is vertical to the moving direction, the frequency of ultrasonic is 20KHz, the power is 300W, and the moving speed of the welding head is 5 mm/s;
and step 3: after the ultrasonic action is finished, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, heating is stopped, and the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled at the cooling rate of 10 ℃/min.
The high-quality copper/aluminum heterogeneous metal joint obtained by the embodiment mode has the advantages that through testing, a welding seam is complete and compact, the defects of cracks, holes and the like are avoided, fine discontinuous intermetallic compounds are formed at the interface of a base metal and the brazing filler metal, the mechanical property is good, and the use requirement can be met.
Example 2:
a method for realizing aluminum nitride ceramic-aluminum heterogeneous material interconnection based on ultrasonic brazing of a needle type welding head comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the welding fixture in orange oil and acetone solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning for 3min respectively, placing in a drying oven, drying at 200 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling, and placing in the drying oven for use; the method comprises the following steps that parent materials to be interconnected are 1060 aluminum and aluminum nitride ceramics respectively, the thickness of the parent materials to be interconnected is 5mm, materials to be interconnected are provided with V-shaped grooves, the angles of the bevel surfaces are 35 degrees, a wedge-shaped welding head is adopted at the front end, the angle of the welding head is 70 degrees, the materials are tungsten-rhenium alloy, a diamond grinding disc with 3000 meshes is adopted to polish the grooves, the grooves are sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solutions to be ultrasonically cleaned for 3min respectively, then the grooves are placed in a drying box to be dried, the temperature of the grooves is 200 ℃, the time of the grooves is 2h, and the grooves are placed in; assembling the materials to be interconnected to ensure that the materials to be interconnected and the clamp do not move relatively in the process;
step 2: in the process, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-2% Ti (wt.%) solder is selected, the welding seam is filled by prefabrication, and the solder is heated by hot plate at 280 deg.C. The assembled structure is subjected to heat preservation for a proper time, after the brazing filler metal is melted, a welding head is immersed into a welding line through a mechanical arm to be in contact with a base metal and apply pressure, the welding head moves along the direction of the welding line according to a pre-programmed program, ultrasonic action is applied at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration direction is perpendicular to the moving direction, the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHz, the power is 500W, and the moving speed of the welding head is 2 mm/s;
and step 3: after the ultrasonic action is finished, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, heating is stopped, and the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min.
The aluminum nitride ceramic-aluminum heterogeneous material butt joint obtained by the embodiment mode has the advantages that through tests, the welding line is complete and compact, the defects of cracks, holes and the like are avoided, metallurgical bonding is realized at the interface of the aluminum nitride ceramic and the brazing filler metal, the mechanical property is good, and the application requirement of the butt joint is met.
Example 3:
a method for realizing alumina ceramic-aluminum heterogeneous material interconnection based on ultrasonic brazing of a needle type welding head comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the welding fixture in orange oil and acetone solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning for 3min respectively, placing in a drying oven, drying at 200 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling, and placing in the drying oven for use; mother materials to be interconnected are 1060 aluminum and alumina ceramics respectively, the thickness is 5mm, materials to be interconnected are provided with V-shaped grooves, the angles of the bevel surfaces are 35 degrees, a welding head with a wedge-shaped front end is adopted, the angle is 70 degrees, the materials are tungsten-rhenium alloy, a diamond grinding disc with 3000 meshes is adopted to polish the grooves, then the grooves are sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solutions to be ultrasonically cleaned for 3min respectively, then the grooves are placed in a drying box to be dried, the temperature is 200 ℃, the time is 2 hours, and the grooves are placed in the drying box for standby after being cooled; assembling the materials to be interconnected to ensure that the materials to be interconnected and the clamp do not move relatively in the process;
step 2: in the process, Sn0.3Ag0.7Cu-2% Ti (wt.%) solder is selected, the welding seam is filled by prefabrication, and the solder is heated by hot plate at 280 deg.C. The assembled structure is subjected to heat preservation for a proper time, after the brazing filler metal is melted, a welding head is immersed into a welding line through a mechanical arm to be in contact with a base metal and apply pressure, the welding head moves along the direction of the welding line according to a pre-programmed program, ultrasonic action is applied at the same time, the ultrasonic vibration direction is perpendicular to the moving direction, the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHz, the power is 500W, and the moving speed of the welding head is 2 mm/s;
and step 3: after the ultrasonic action is finished, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, heating is stopped, and the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled at the cooling rate of 6 ℃/min.
The aluminum oxide ceramic-aluminum heterogeneous material butt joint obtained by the embodiment mode has the advantages that through tests, the welding line is complete and compact, the defects of cracks, holes and the like are avoided, metallurgical bonding is realized at the interface of the aluminum oxide ceramic and the brazing filler metal, the mechanical property is good, and the application requirement of the butt joint is met.
Example 4:
a method for realizing alumina-aluminum nitride ceramic heterogeneous ceramic interconnection based on ultrasonic brazing of a needle type welding head comprises the following steps:
step 1: placing the fixture in orange oil and acetone solution in sequence, performing ultrasonic cleaning for 3min respectively, placing in a drying oven, drying at 200 deg.C for 3 hr, cooling, and placing in the drying oven for use; the method comprises the following steps that mother materials to be interconnected are respectively alumina and aluminum nitride ceramics, the thicknesses of the mother materials to be interconnected are 5mm, materials to be interconnected are provided with V-shaped grooves, the angles of the bevel surfaces are 40 degrees, a welding head with a wedge-shaped front end is adopted, the angle is 80 degrees, the materials are tungsten-rhenium alloy, a diamond grinding disc with 3000 meshes is adopted to polish the grooves, the grooves are sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solutions to be ultrasonically cleaned for 3min respectively, then the grooves are placed in a drying box to be dried, the temperature is 200 ℃, the time is 2h, and the grooves are placed in the drying box for later use after being cooled; assembling the materials to be interconnected to ensure that the materials to be interconnected and the clamp do not move relatively in the process;
step 2: in the process, AlSi11.7 brazing filler metal is selected, a prefabricated mode is adopted to fill a welding seam, a hot plate is adopted to heat, the reaction temperature is 550 ℃, the assembled structure is subjected to heat preservation for a proper time, after the brazing filler metal is melted, a welding head is immersed into the welding seam through a mechanical arm to be in contact with a base metal and exert pressure, the welding head moves along the direction of the welding seam according to a pre-programmed program, meanwhile, an ultrasonic effect is exerted, wherein the ultrasonic vibration direction is vertical to the moving direction, the ultrasonic frequency is 40KHz, the power is 800W, and the moving speed of the welding head is 1 mm/s;
and step 3: after the ultrasonic action is finished, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, heating is stopped, and the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled at the cooling rate of 2 ℃/min.
The high-quality alumina ceramic/aluminum nitride ceramic heterogeneous material butt joint obtained by adopting the embodiment mode is tested, metallurgical bonding is realized at the interfaces of the ceramic and the brazing filler metal on two sides, the welding line is complete and compact, and the defects of cracks, holes and the like are avoided.
It should be noted that while the apparatus and method of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, the present invention is not limited thereto, and that insubstantial modifications of the invention using the inventive concept will nevertheless fall within the scope of the invention.

Claims (6)

1. An ultrasonic brazing device based on a needle type welding head is used for a method for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, and is characterized by comprising an ultrasonic system, a heating system and a traveling device system, wherein the ultrasonic system is provided with an ultrasonic generator, a piezoelectric ceramic transducer, a vibration transmission rod, an energy concentrator and the welding head;
the heating system is provided with a hot plate, a hot plate temperature control module, a welding head heating coil and a heating coil temperature control module, the hot plate temperature control module is connected with the hot plate, the welding head heating coil is arranged on the outer side of the welding head, and the heating coil temperature control module is connected with the welding head heating coil;
the walking device system is provided with a mechanical arm for controlling the welding head to move and a control mechanism of the mechanical arm; the welding fixture is used for fixing base materials to be interconnected and is arranged on the hot plate;
the ultrasonic power of the ultrasonic generator is 0-3000W, the ultrasonic frequency is 20-120KHz, when the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a longitudinal seam and the groove type is V-shaped, the welding head is wedge-shaped, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is designed to be wedge-shaped, and the angle range is 20-120 degrees; when the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a longitudinal seam and the groove type is U-shaped, the welding head type is U-shaped, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is designed into U-shaped, the radius range of the circular arc is 0.2-10mm, and the angle of the straight edges at two sides is 10-45 degreeso(ii) a When the welding seam of the component to be interconnected is a circular seam, the welding head is adopted to be conical, the diameter is 1-10mm, the length is 50-150mm, the working surface of the welding head is designed to be conical, and the range of the conical degree is 0.3-3.5;
the welding head is fixed on the energy concentrator in a riveting or welding mode, so that the relative motion between the welding head and the energy concentrator is avoided; or the welding head is fixed on the energy collector in a screw fastening mode, and the contact surface is required to be smooth and clean so as to ensure the transmission efficiency of ultrasonic energy;
the working temperature range of the hot plate and the heating coil of the welding head is between room temperature and 1000 ℃;
the ultrasonic brazing device based on the needle type welding head is used for the homogeneous or heterogeneous material welding method and is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step 1: cleaning, washing and drying a welding fixture for later use, cleaning and drying a base material for later use, wherein the base material is one or two of ceramic material, metal material or composite material which are different at will, and assembling the base material to form a joint sample to be welded;
step 2: filling brazing filler metal in a welding seam, wherein the brazing filler metal is selected to be powdery or filamentous or is directly prefabricated in the welding seam, heating a sample structure of a joint to be welded through a heating system and melting the brazing filler metal, heating a welding head to a temperature higher than the actual temperature of the brazing filler metal, pressing the welding head into the molten brazing filler metal, moving the welding head according to a preset track, and simultaneously applying an ultrasonic action;
and step 3: moving the welding head out of the drill seam, stopping heating and ultrasonic action, and cooling the sample to obtain a reliable interconnection joint;
wherein before the process in the step 1, the clamp is sequentially placed in orange oil and acetone solution for ultrasonic cleaning for 3-10min, and then placed in a drying oven for drying at the temperature of 120 DEG CoC-250oC, the time is 1-5 h, and the mixture is cooled and then placed in a drying box for later use;
the parent metal is a homogeneous or heterogeneous metal material, a ceramic material or a composite material, wherein the metal material is any one of copper, nickel, zinc, magnesium, aluminum, titanium, iron, platinum, gold, silver simple substance and alloy thereof; the ceramic material is any one of alumina, beryllium oxide, zirconia, zinc oxide, silicon nitride, aluminum nitride, cubic boron nitride, niobium carbide, tungsten carbide, titanium carbide, silicon carbide, gallium nitride, diamond, K9 glass and silicon dioxide; the composite material is a metal-based composite material of aluminum, magnesium, copper, titanium and alloy thereof or any one of ceramic, graphite and carbon nonmetal-based composite materials;
aiming at the base metal to be interconnected with the plate thickness not more than 5mm, a single-layer welding mode is adopted, and in the welding process, the moving speed range of a welding head is controlled by the traveling device system to be 0-10 mm/s; aiming at the base metal to be interconnected with the plate thickness of more than 5mm, a multilayer welding mode is adopted, namely, in the welding process, the working surface of the welding head scans the interface to be welded layer by layer, and the traveling device system controls the moving speed range of the welding head to be 0-10 mm/s.
2. The method for ultrasonic brazing based on a needle-type horn according to claim 1 for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, characterized in that: in the step 1, the shape of the base metal is sheet or block, and the base metal is beveled to ensure that the welding head directly enters the bottom of the bevel, so that the welding head can move and swing as necessary, wherein the base metal material with the plate thickness not more than 5mm is beveled in a V shape or a U shape, and the base metal material with the plate thickness more than 5mm is beveled in a double V shape or a double U shape.
3. The method for ultrasonic brazing with a needle type horn according to claim 1, wherein in the step 2, Sn-based brazing filler metal is used to secure a low brazing temperature according to weldability of materials to be interconnected, Ti, Mg, Al, Cr active elements are added, reaction temperature is selected according to melting point of the brazing filler metal, and heating temperature ranges of the hot plate and the heating coil are 200oC-450oC。
4. The method for ultrasonic brazing based on a needle-type horn according to claim 1 for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, characterized in that: in the step 2, in order to avoid the oxidation of the base metal and the brazing filler metal to be interconnected in the heating process, inert gas protection can be carried out on the operation area; the heating mode adopts an electromagnetic induction mode, a resistance heating mode or a composite heating mode, or adopts laser and electric arc as auxiliary heat sources, and adopts a mode of synchronously moving with a welding head to heat the brazing filler metal so as to melt the brazing filler metal; step 2, in the interconnection process, the temperature of the front end of the welding head and the temperature of the molten solder are kept the same.
5. The method for ultrasonic brazing based on a needle-type horn according to claim 1 for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, characterized in that: the walking device system controls the welding head to apply pressure to the sample to be welded within the range of 0-1 Mpa.
6. The method for ultrasonic brazing based on a needle-type horn according to claim 1 for welding homogeneous or heterogeneous materials, characterized in that: after the ultrasonic action is finished in the step 3, the welding head is lifted from the molten brazing filler metal, the heating is stopped, the sample and the clamp thereof are cooled, and the cooling rate is 2oC/min-10oAnd C/min, cooling to room temperature, and taking the sample out of the clamp.
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