CN110076441A - A kind of the dissimilar metal friction welding device and method of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary - Google Patents
A kind of the dissimilar metal friction welding device and method of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary Download PDFInfo
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- CN110076441A CN110076441A CN201910340715.4A CN201910340715A CN110076441A CN 110076441 A CN110076441 A CN 110076441A CN 201910340715 A CN201910340715 A CN 201910340715A CN 110076441 A CN110076441 A CN 110076441A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The present invention provides a kind of method for improving dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint micro-structure and property, the mounting ultrasonic generator on the moving parts that traditional spin friction is welded, boundary layer plastic metal radially high-frequency vibration is driven using the high-frequency mechanical vibration energy of ultrasonic wave, the rheology drag of plastic metal radial direction is reduced with this, enhance the fluid ability of plastic metal, and spin friction is made to weld the compound motion for being changed into circumference and straight line by circular motion.Ultrasonic vibration auxiliary spin friction weldering is capable of increasing the strain and strain rate of soft metal near weld interface, refines interface two sides crystal grain, helps to discharge the residual stress in welding process, improve the mechanical property of connector.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Material Joining Technology, especially a kind of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary improves dissimilar metal spin friction welding
The process of head micro-structure and property.
Background technique
Spin friction weldering has the advantages that low_input_power, energy-efficient relative to traditional melting welding, can efficiently control weldering
The formation of border face intermetallic compound, especially suitable for welding dissimilar metal, such as: titanium/steel, aluminium/steel, aluminium/copper, aluminium/magnesium.
It is changed with time according to friction torque, spin friction can be welded and be divided into heating period, quasi-steady state stage and upset stage three
A stage.In the friction welding (FW) heating period, contact surface by Elastic Contact be changed into visco-plasticity contact, plastic area away from center of circle 1/2R~
Start to germinate and gradually expand to entire weld interface at 2/3R, torque, constant temperature rise, and interface progressivelyes reach welding temperature
Degree.In the quasi-steady state stage, interface high-temp plastic metal layer constantly thickens, and be extruded under the action of friction pressure to be formed it is winged
Side.In the upset stage, axial compressive force increases, and extra visco-plasticity metal layer is extruded to be formed under upsetting force effect in connector
Overlap.Spin friction weldering contacts upper thread when being particularly suitable for welding revolving body sample, and welding due to the movement characteristic being pivoted
Speed radially gradually increases, and friction pressure is radially gradually reduced.Linear velocity is minimum at weld interface center and friction is pressed
Power is maximum, and edge linear velocity is maximum and friction pressure is minimum.Therefore, in spin friction welding process, interface heat production is along diameter
To being unevenly distributed.Heat production is minimum at center, and temperature is lower, material plastic flow state difference.And edge heat production is more, temperature
Degree is higher, and material plastic flow is preferable.The uneven distribution of heat production also results in connector radially compound between each regional metal
Growth thermokinetics condition it is different so that radially there is uneven distribution along interface in the thickness of intermetallic compound.And it is different
The inhomogeneities that compound thickness is distributed between matter metal friction plumb joint interface metal, will have a direct impact on the mechanical property of connector.
Document " Effect of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Properties of Friction
Welded Joint Between TC4 Titanium Alloy and 40Cr Steel Rods,Dong H,Yu L,Deng
D, et al, Journal of Materials Science&Technology, 2015,31 (9): report in 962-968 "
In TC4/40Cr spin friction plumb joint intermetallic compound be distributed inhomogeneities, the thickness of intermetallic compound radially by
Center to edge gradually increases, and is only 1 μm at center, and has reached 8 μm in edge.Document " Microstructural
characterization and mechanical properties of dissimilar friction welding of
1060 aluminum to AZ31B magnesium alloy,Liang Z,Qin G,Wang L,et al,Materials
In Science&Engineering A, 2015,645:170-180 " in discovery Al-1060/Mg-AZ31B spin friction plumb joint
Reaction layer thickness radially inhomogeneities be distributed, the conversion zone being embodied at 1/2R~2/3R is thicker, edge
Conversion zone take second place, the conversion zone at center is most thin.Document " Inhomogeneity of microstructure and
mechanical properties in radial direction of aluminum/copper friction welded
joints,Pan L,Li P,Hao X,et al,Journal of Materials Processing Technology,
In 2018,255:308-318 " radially not to Al-1060/Cu-T2 spin friction plumb joint microstructure and mechanical property
It is uniformly distributed and has carried out network analysis, it is found that intermetallic compound thickness gradually increases, and subregion by interface center to edge
The tensile strength of sliced piece specimen gradually decreases.It is embodied at center, and intermetallic compound thickness is 0.8 μm, sample
Tensile strength be 88MPa；At 1/2R, intermetallic compound thickness is 1.4 μm, and the tensile strength of sample is 81MPa；On side
At edge, intermetallic compound thickness is 1.9 μm, and the tensile strength of sample is 74MPa.
It can be seen that the intermetallic compound thickness of dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint is radially distributed uneven, sternly
The military service performance for affecting dissimilar metal composite structural member again, there is presently no microcosmic for dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint
The effective workaround of the non-uniformity problem of microstructure and property.Therefore, how to improve intermetallic compound thickness in connector
Inhomogeneities is distributed and improves the military service performance of dissimilar metal composite structural member, becomes the research emphasis in spin friction weldering field.
Summary of the invention
Ultrasonic vibration is introduced into spin friction weldering by the present invention, and the portion of energy of ultrasonic vibration is inhaled by the metal at center
It receives, metal layer softening at acceleration center reduces the rheology drag of boundary layer metal and the linear loss of Fluid pressure, while radial
Ultrasonic vibration promote workpiece to generate vibration displacement, provide possibility to increase the gap at two workpiece centres, and then improve all
Fluid ability of the plastic metal to center is enclosed, the thickness of the interfacial reaction layer at radial 1/2R~2/3R is reduced.Utilize ultrasound
The high-frequency mechanical vibration energy of wave drives boundary layer plastic metal radially high-frequency vibration, and it is radial to reduce plastic metal with this
Rheology drag, enhances the fluid ability of plastic metal, and spin friction weldering is made to be changed into answering for circumference and straight line by circular motion
Resultant motion, so that the forms of motion on interface everywhere is similar with track friction weldering, compound motion form ensure that entire welding circle
Face heat production is evenly distributed, the heat affected area even width at connector different location.The introducing of ultrasonic vibration can also promote remnants to answer
Power homogenization distribution.Meanwhile propagation of the ultrasonic wave in plastic metal causes the alternate compression and extension of particle, so that plasticity is golden
Belong to the whole effect by mechanical force and shock wave.Mechanical force caused by ultrasonic wave and shock wave can make to tie again in welding process
Crystalline substance grow up after crystal grain and intermetallic compound impacted and be crushed, promote crystal grain refinement, intermetallic compound thickness reduces.
During spin friction, fine grain is acted on interface two sides Dispersed precipitate by friction pressure, and interface heat production is radially equal
It homogenizes, intermetallic compound thickness is thinned and is uniformly distributed everywhere, to promote the mechanics of dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint
Performance.
Based on the above, one aspect of the present invention provides a kind of friction welding device, described device includes fixed hard gold
The rotary part of metal work-pieces, the moving parts of fixed soft metal workpiece, the rotary part are done together with hard metal workpiece
Rotary motion, the moving parts axially together with soft metal workpiece to movement at hard workpiece, also wrap by described device
Include supersonic generator；The supersonic generator includes tool heads and positioning fixture；The supersonic generator is fixed on institute
It states on moving parts；The tool heads are fixed on the moving parts by positioning fixture, and are cut with the soft workpiece
Face is vertical and generates point contact, it is ensured that ultrasonic wave radially introduces welding end surface.Hard metal of the present invention and soft gold
Category is a relative concept, refers to that two metals being welded to each other are mutually relative, wherein quality is harder for hard gold
Belong to, quality is softer for soft metal.
Based on above technical scheme, it is preferred that the end face of the tool heads is spherical surface, and the end face for providing spherical surface is to protect
No matter tool heads are in any angle for card, can realize the point contact with soft metal workpiece B.
Another aspect of the present invention also proposed a kind of ultrasonic vibration auxiliary improve it is micro- in dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint
The process of structure and performance is seen, this method is carried out using above-mentioned apparatus.
In advance spherical surface is made in the tool end surface of supersonic generator by this method, later using the fixed ultrasound of positioning fixture
The tool heads of wave producer, tool heads and soft metal workpiece B are disposed vertically and realize point contact, while positioning fixture is fixed on
The moving parts of spin friction welding machine guarantees that the tool heads of supersonic generator and moving parts relative synchronization are mobile.
Specifically use following steps:
(1) it is machined hard metal workpiece A and soft metal the workpiece B to be welded of dissimilar metal pole, makes hard gold
Welding surface roughness Ra < 1.6 of metal work-pieces A and soft metal workpiece B；
(2) the welding surface polishing, ultrasonic cleaning of hard metal workpiece A, cold wind in step (1) are air-dried；
(3) hard metal workpiece A is fixed on rotary part, the hard metal workpiece A exceeds the length of rotary part
Degree is 0.8D0~1.5D0, the length exceeded is as hard metal workpiece A welding ends length of bench；The soft metal workpiece B is solid
Determine on the moving part；The length that the soft metal workpiece B ultrasound goes out moving parts is D1~2D1；The hard metal workpiece A
It is consistent with the central axis of hard metal workpiece B；The D0For the diameter of hard metal workpiece A welding ends；The D1It is described hard
The diameter of matter metal works A, soft metal workpiece B fixing end；Wherein 0.4D1≤D0≤D1, in order to hard metal workpiece A's
Welding ends can be wrapped up when welding by soft metal workpiece B；
(4) tool heads of supersonic generator are vertically installed on soft metal workpiece B by positioning fixture, and occurred
Only with the side of soft metal workpiece B point contact occurs for contact, the tool heads of supersonic generator, it is ensured that ultrasonic wave is radially fast
Speed introduces soft metal workpiece B welding end surface；The contact point of the contact is away from 15~30mm of soft metal workpiece B welding end surface；
It is radial and axial described in the present invention to refer both to hard metal workpiece A and after soft metal workpiece B is fixed on device, workpiece A and work
The radial and axial direction of part B.
(5) adjusting the distance between hard metal workpiece A, soft metal workpiece B welding end surface is 5~20mm；
(6) Vltrasonic device is opened, the frequency for adjusting ultrasonic vibration is 20~100kHz, and power is 600~3000W, amplitude
It is 30~80 μm, sets the welding parameter of spin friction welder, then starts spin friction welder；When the welding of two workpiece
When end face contacts with each other, ultrasonic vibration introduces weld interface, and hard metal workpiece A, soft metal workpiece B successively undergo rotary friction
Wipe the friction phase in welding process and upset stage；In the process, plastic deformation occurs for soft metal workpiece B by hard work
The welding end surface realization of part A is fully wrapped around, until default upset time end of run, shows that entire welding process terminates；
(7) welding terminates, and closes the friction welding device, takes out welded specimen.
Based on above technical scheme, it is preferred that step (2) polishing is using #400, #800, #1200, #1500, #
2000 sand paper are polished；The ultrasonic cleaning is that workpiece surface is immersed acetone, 5~15min of ultrasonic cleaning.
Based on above technical scheme, it is preferred that the rotation speed of step (6) described rotary part is 1500rpm；The shifting
Movement speed those skilled in the art of dynamic component oneself can voluntarily select according to actual welding situation, generally soft metal
Workpiece B generates the speed of axial shortening because of plastic deformation.
Based on above technical scheme, it is preferred that it is characterized in that, step (6) described welding parameter are as follows: friction pressure 30~
200MPa, 0.5~10s of fraction time or friction 1~6mm of shortening amount, 90~300MPa of upsetting force, upset time be 5~
20s。
Beneficial effect
1. ultrasonic vibration assists spin friction weldering to drive boundary layer plastic metal high frequency using the energy of ultrasonic high-frequency vibration
Vibration, reduces the rheology drag of plastic metal radial direction and improves the fluid ability of plastic metal, while smashing on interface
Intermetallic compound and the crystal grain of two sides, so that the crystal grain refinement of interface two sides and reducing the thickness of compound between interface metal
Degree.In spin friction welding process, the crystal grain of refinement and the intermetallic compound of disperse are evenly distributed on entire weld interface,
The inhomogeneities of dissimilar metal spin friction plumb joint mechanical property can dramatically be improved.
2. ultrasonic vibration assists spin friction welder that the forms of motion that spin friction solid welding has is changed into circumference and straight
Line compound motion, the transformation of this forms of motion ensure that entire face of weld friction heat production is uniformly distributed, hot at different location
Zone of influence even width.
3. ultrasonic vibration auxiliary spin friction weldering is capable of increasing the strain and strain rate of soft metal near weld interface,
Interface two sides crystal grain is refined, helps to discharge the residual stress in welding process, improves the mechanical property of connector.
It is described with reference to the drawings and the present invention is described in detail with embodiment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 hard metal workpiece A, soft metal workpiece B structure schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 supersonic generator head structure schematic diagram；
Working principle diagram is welded in Fig. 3 ultrasonic wave added spin friction.
Wherein, D0Diameter, the D of-hard metal workpiece A welding ends1- hard metal workpiece A, soft metal workpiece B are fixed
Diameter, the L at end0It is-hard metal workpiece A welding ends length of bench, 1-rotary part, 2-hard metal workpiece A, 3-soft
Metal works B, 4-moving parts, 5-positioning fixtures, 6-tool heads.
Specific embodiment
As described in Figure 3, friction welding device of the invention includes the rotary part 1 of fixed hard metal workpiece A2,
The moving parts 4 of fixed soft metal workpiece B3, further includes supersonic generator；The supersonic generator includes tool heads 6
With positioning fixture 5；The supersonic generator is fixed on the moving parts 4；The tool heads 6 are hung down by positioning fixture 5
Directly it is located at the upper end soft metal workpiece B3 and contacts.As described in Figure 2, the end face of tool heads be spherical surface, present invention use by
The supersonic generator of the model CSHJ series of No. 726 Research Institute, China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation's manufacture.
Embodiment 1
The ultrasonic wave added spin friction welding technique of 5052 aluminium alloys and 304 stainless steels.
The present embodiment is the process of the ultrasonic wave added spin friction welding of 5052 aluminium alloys of one kind and 304 stainless steels,
Its welding process mainly comprises the steps that
Step 1,5052 aluminium alloys and 304 stainless steel welded workpiece that machining diameter is 25mm, are waited in 304 stainless steels
Weldering surface side is processed into the welding ends step of 23 × 20mm of φ, welding surface roughness Ra < 1.6；
Step 2,304 stainless steel welded end faces are cleared up: using #400, #800, #1200, #1500, #2000 sand paper to its table
Face is polished, and the workpiece surface after polishing is immersed ultrasonic cleaning 5min in acetone, then cold wind dries up；
Step 3,304 stainless steels are fixed on rotary part, the length beyond rotary part is 20mm.5052 aluminium alloys
It fixes on the moving part, the length beyond moving parts is 35mm.In addition, must guarantee 5052 aluminium alloy bars and 304 stainless steels
The central axis of stick is consistent；
Step 4, supersonic generator tool heads are placed perpendicular to 5052 aluminium alloys, it is ensured that ultrasonic wave radially draws rapidly
Enter 5052 aluminum alloy welding contact surfaces, the tool heads of supersonic generator are located at away from 5052 aluminum alloy welding contact surface 25mm；
Step 5, adjustment the distance between 5052 aluminium alloys and 304 stainless steel welded end faces are 5mm；
Step 6, Vltrasonic device is opened, the frequency for adjusting ultrasonic vibration is 20kHz, and power 3000W, amplitude is 40 μm,
Welding parameter: friction pressure 90MPa, fraction time 1.8s or friction shortening amount 1mm, upsetting force 250MPa is set, when upset
Between be 15s.Start friction welding device, rotation speed 1500rpm；
Step 7, welding terminates, and closes ultrasonic vibration installation, takes out welded specimen.
Through Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanics Performance Testing, compared with traditional spin friction welding method, metal in connector
Between compound discontinuous, disperse is radially changed by continuous, uneven distribution, tends to homogenization distribution, intermetallic compound
Thickness reduces.At 3/4R, intermetallic compound thickness is decreased to 0.85 μm by 1.28 μm.Meanwhile 5052 aluminum alloy side it is soft
Change sector width to narrow, the tensile strength of connector improves 11.2%.
Embodiment 2
The process that the ultrasonic wave added spin friction of 1060 fine aluminiums and T2 red copper is welded.
Step 1,1060 fine aluminiums and T2 red copper welding workpiece that machining diameter is 25mm, in T2 red copper welding surface side
It is processed into the step of 24 × 20mm of φ, welding surface roughness Ra < 1.6；
Step 2, T2 red copper welding end surface is cleared up: using #400, #800, #1200, #1500, #2000 sand paper to its surface
It polishes, the workpiece surface after polishing is immersed into ultrasonic cleaning 5min in acetone, then cold wind dries up；
Step 3, T2 red copper is fixed on rotary part, the length beyond rotary part is 20mm.1060 fine aluminiums are fixed
On the moving part, the length beyond moving parts is 40mm.In addition, must guarantee the central axis of 1060 fine aluminium sticks and T2 red copper bar
Line is consistent；
Step 4, supersonic generator tool heads are placed perpendicular to 1060 fine aluminiums, it is ensured that ultrasonic wave is radially rapidly introduced into
1060 aluminium welding end surfaces, the tool heads of supersonic generator are located at away from 1060 fine aluminium welding end surface 30mm；
Step 5, adjustment the distance between 1060 fine aluminiums and T2 red copper welding end surface are 8mm；
Step 6, Vltrasonic device is opened, the frequency for adjusting ultrasonic vibration is 20kHz, and power 2500W, amplitude is 40 μm,
Set welding parameter: welding pressure 75MPa, fraction time 3s or the shortening amount 2mm that rubs, upsetting force 100MPa, upset time
5s.Start friction welding device, rotation speed 1500rpm；
Step 7, welding terminates, and closes ultrasonic vibration installation, takes out welded specimen.
Through Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanics Performance Testing, compared with traditional spin friction welding method, metal in connector
Between compound discontinuous, disperse is radially changed by continuous, uneven distribution, tends to homogenization distribution, between boundary layer metal
The thickness of compound reduces.In edge, the thickness of intermetallic compound is decreased to 1.20 μm by 1.90 μm.Meanwhile 1060 is pure
The softening sector width of aluminum side narrows, and connector tensile strength improves 8.3%.
Embodiment 3
The process that the ultrasonic wave added spin friction of TC4 titanium alloy and 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel is welded.
Step 1, TC4 titanium alloy and the stainless steel welded workpiece of 1Cr18Ni9Ti that machining diameter is 16mm, table to be welded
Surface roughness Ra < 1.6；
Step 2, it clears up the stainless steel welded end face 1Cr18Ni9Ti: using #400, #800, #1200, #1500, #2000 sand
Paper polishes to its surface, the workpiece after polishing is immersed ultrasonic cleaning 5min in acetone, then cold wind dries up；
Step 3,1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel is fixed on rotary part, the length beyond rotary part is 20mm.TC4
Titanium alloy is fixed on the moving part, and the length beyond moving parts is 30mm.In addition, must guarantee TC4 titanium alloy bar with
The central axis of 1Cr18Ni9Ti stainless steel bar is consistent；
Step 4, supersonic generator tool heads are placed perpendicular to TC4 titanium alloy, it is ensured that ultrasonic wave radially draws rapidly
Enter TC4 titanium alloy welding end face, the tool heads of supersonic generator are located at away from TC4 titanium alloy welding end face 20mm；
Step 5, adjustment the distance between TC4 titanium alloy and the stainless steel welded end face 1Cr18Ni9Ti is 10mm；
Step 6, Vltrasonic device is opened, the frequency for adjusting ultrasonic vibration is 60kHz, and power 3000W, amplitude is 20 μm,
Welding parameter: friction pressure 160MPa, fraction time 8.2s or friction shortening amount 5mm, upsetting force 293MPa is set, when upset
Between be 5s.Start friction welding device, rotation speed 1500rpm；
Step 7, welding terminates, and closes ultrasonic vibration installation, takes out welded specimen.
Through Analysis on Microstructure and Mechanics Performance Testing, compared with traditional spin friction welding method, metal in connector
Between compound discontinuous, disperse is radially changed by continuous, uneven distribution, tends to homogenization distribution, intermetallic compound
Thickness reduces.In edge, intermetallic compound thickness reduces most 4 μm by 8 μm.Meanwhile TC4 titanium alloy side heat affected area
Width narrows, and the tensile strength of connector improves 9.8%.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of friction welding device, described device includes the rotary part of fixed hard metal workpiece, fixed soft gold
The moving parts of metal work-pieces, which is characterized in that described device further includes supersonic generator；The supersonic generator includes work
Have head and positioning fixture；The tool heads are fixed on the moving parts by positioning fixture；The tool heads with it is described soft
Matter metal works section is vertical and generates point contact.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the end face of the tool heads is spherical surface.
3. a kind of method of dissimilar metal spin friction weldering, which is characterized in that described using device described in as claimed in claim 1 or 22
Method includes the following steps:
(1) it is machined hard metal workpiece A and soft metal workpiece B to be welded, makes hard metal workpiece A and soft metal work
Welding surface roughness Ra < 1.6 of part B；
(2) welding surface of hard metal workpiece A in step (1) polished, ultrasonic cleaning, air-dried；
(3) hard metal workpiece A is fixed on rotary part, length of the hard metal workpiece A beyond rotary part is
0.8D0~1.5D0；The soft metal workpiece B is fixed on the moving part；The soft metal workpiece B ultrasound goes out moving parts
Length is D1~2D1；The hard metal workpiece A is consistent with the central axis of soft metal workpiece B；The D0For hard metal
The diameter of workpiece A welding ends；The D1For the diameter of hard metal workpiece A and soft metal workpiece B fixing end；The D0It is big
Small is 0.4D1≤D0≤D1；
(4) tool heads of supersonic generator are placed on soft metal workpiece B and are in contact；The contact point of the contact away from
15~30mm of soft metal workpiece B welding end surface；
(5) adjusting the distance between hard metal workpiece A, soft metal workpiece B welding end surface is 5~20mm；
(6) supersonic generator is opened, the frequency for adjusting ultrasonic vibration is 20~100kHz, and power is 600~3000W, amplitude
It is 30~80 μm；Welding parameter is set, starting spin friction welder will surpass when the welding end surface of two workpiece contacts with each other
Acoustic vibration introduces weld interface；
(7) welding terminates, and closes the friction welding device, takes out welded specimen.
4. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, step (2) polishing is using #400, #800, #
1200, #1500, #2000 sand paper are polished；The ultrasonic cleaning is that workpiece surface is immersed to acetone, ultrasonic cleaning 5~
15min。
5. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, the rotation speed of step (6) described rotary part is
1500rpm。
6. according to the method described in claim 3, it is characterized in that, step (6) described welding parameter are as follows: friction pressure 30~
200MPa, 0.5~10s of fraction time or friction 1~6mm of shortening amount, 90~300MPa of upsetting force, upset time be 5~
20s。
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| CN111590190A (en) * | 2020-05-28 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | Ultrasonic friction welding forming method for large-size amorphous alloy |
| CN111590224A (en) * | 2020-05-29 | 2020-08-28 | 广东工业大学 | System and method for preparing bulk amorphous alloy with assistance of laser |
| CN113210820A (en) * | 2021-04-25 | 2021-08-06 | 成都交大焊接科技有限公司 | Flash welding method |
| US20230130962A1 (en) * | 2021-10-22 | 2023-04-27 | Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. | Processing route to design and manufacture highly configurable non-magnetic down-hole sensor collars |
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