CN112894996B - Progressive cutting drill bit and CFRP hole making method based on progressive cutting drill bit - Google Patents
Progressive cutting drill bit and CFRP hole making method based on progressive cutting drill bit Download PDFInfo
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- CN112894996B CN112894996B CN202110046670.7A CN202110046670A CN112894996B CN 112894996 B CN112894996 B CN 112894996B CN 202110046670 A CN202110046670 A CN 202110046670A CN 112894996 B CN112894996 B CN 112894996B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26F—PERFORATING; PUNCHING; CUTTING-OUT; STAMPING-OUT; SEVERING BY MEANS OTHER THAN CUTTING
- B26F1/00—Perforating; Punching; Cutting-out; Stamping-out; Apparatus therefor
- B26F1/16—Perforating by tool or tools of the drill type
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Abstract
The invention discloses a progressive cutting drill and a CFRP hole making method based on the progressive cutting drill, and relates to the technical field of composite material processing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of composite material processing, in particular to a progressive cutting drill bit and a CFRP hole making method based on the progressive cutting drill bit.
Background
The structure light weight and the fatigue durability become the common pursuit targets of modern airplane structures, and advanced composite materials represented by carbon fiber reinforced composite materials (CFRP) have the advantages of high specific strength, high specific modulus, good fatigue resistance and the like and are widely applied to the field of aerospace.
Although large-area integral forming of a CFRP complex structural member can be achieved at present, machining of a CFRP forming product is still required to meet the requirements of connection and assembly, for example, trimming, hole making and the like of the CFRP product are completed by milling, drilling and the like. Due to the macroscopic anisotropy of the CFRP, the cutting difficulty of the CFRP is far higher than that of the traditional metal material, the common twist drill or dagger drill has low cutting efficiency and short cutter life, and the processing defects of layering, burrs, fiber tearing, hole wall scratching and the like cannot be avoided, so that the cutting quality and efficiency can be greatly reduced.
Scholars at home and abroad develop a plurality of researches on optimizing the structural parameters of the cutter, and design a plurality of processing cutters for carbon fiber reinforced composite materials, which have advantages and disadvantages. For example, patent application No. 201510400642.5, which is invented by Shenzhen lightstarting Innovation technology Limited company, discloses a dagger drill and a method for hole machining, and provides a novel dagger drill for machining carbon fiber composite materials, so that the original machining process of drilling, expanding and reaming cutter splitting is optimized to the in-place machining of a cutter, the machining efficiency is improved, the layering risk is reduced, and the hole quality is improved. Compared with the common twist drill, the tool can reduce the risk of layering to a certain extent, but the defects such as burrs and the like can appear quickly along with the abrasion of the tool, so that the service life of the tool is shortened. The invention aims to solve the problems that the cutting load born by a cutting edge is high due to the fact that a drill bit acts on a composite material with large force, the service life of a cutter is shortened, and the quality of a hole-making surface is poor.
Disclosure of Invention
Therefore, the invention provides a progressive cutting drill and a CFRP hole making method based on the progressive cutting drill, which aim to solve the problems that the cutting load borne by a cutting edge is high, the service life of a cutter is shortened and the hole making surface quality is poor due to the fact that the force of the drill acting on a composite material is large in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:
according to a first aspect of the invention, a progressive cutting drill is provided, which comprises a drill body, wherein a first main cutting area, a second main cutting area, a continuous auxiliary cutting area and a tool holder clamping area are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the drill body, the first main cutting area has a taper with a taper angle alpha, the second main cutting area has a taper with a taper angle beta, a chip removal straight groove is arranged on the periphery of the drill body, the chip removal straight groove extends from the first main cutting area to the continuous auxiliary cutting area, the groove edge of the chip removal straight groove in the first main cutting area facing the cutting direction is a first main cutting edge, a multi-micro-edge structure is arranged on the periphery of the second main cutting area, the multi-micro-edge structure comprises a plurality of micro-edges which are uniformly distributed, and the groove edge of the chip removal straight groove in the continuous auxiliary cutting area facing the cutting direction is an auxiliary cutting edge.
Furthermore, the taper angle alpha is 110-120 degrees, and the taper angle beta is 10-30 degrees.
Further, the chip removal straight flute is equipped with many, and many chip removal straight flutes are along the circumference evenly distributed of drill bit body.
Furthermore, two chip removal straight grooves are arranged.
Furthermore, the distances from the micro blades to the axis of the drill bit body are equal, wherein the micro blades are positioned on the same plane perpendicular to the axis of the drill bit body.
Further, the surface of each micro blade facing the cutting direction is a front tool face of the micro blade, each micro blade is provided with two rear tool faces, the first rear tool face is intersected with the front tool face of the micro blade, the included angle formed by the first rear tool face and the cutting direction is a first rear angle, the second rear tool face is intersected with the first rear tool face of the micro blade, the included angle formed by the second rear tool face and the cutting direction is a second rear angle, the first rear angle of the micro blade is 6-12 degrees, the second rear angle of the micro blade is 25-30 degrees, and the front angle formed by the front tool face of the micro blade and the cutting direction of the micro blade is 0-5 degrees.
Further, the plurality of micro-blades are distributed along a helix extending from the front end to the rear end of the second main cutting area, and the lead angle of the helix is 30-40 degrees.
Further, the plurality of micro-blades are distributed at equal intervals on the spiral line.
Furthermore, a plurality of first chip flutes are formed among the micro blades distributed along the circumferential direction of the drill body, a plurality of second chip flutes are formed among the micro blades distributed along the axial direction of the drill body, and the second chip flutes are intersected with the first chip flutes.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a CFRP drilling method based on a progressive cutting bit, comprising five stages: step S1, a first main cutting area of a progressive cutting drill bit is used for contacting and extruding a workpiece, and the center of a hole to be machined is formed on the surface of the workpiece; s2, rotating and feeding the progressive cutting drill, and removing materials of the workpiece by using the first main cutting edge; s3, using a plurality of micro blades on a second main cutting area of the progressive cutting drill bit to participate in cutting, and performing progressive cutting; s4, removing burrs by using a secondary cutting edge of the progressive cutting drill; and S5, retreating the progressive cutting drill to leave the cut material, and finishing hole making.
The invention has the following advantages:
because the taper angle alpha of the first main cutting area and the taper angle beta of the second main cutting area are different in degree, a double-tip-angle structure is formed, the contact area between the drill and the CFRP is increased by the taper angle alpha of the first main cutting area, and the cutting axial force is reduced by the taper angle beta of the second main cutting area, so that the cutting load born by the cutting edge is reduced by the double-tip-angle structure; the peripheral side of the second main cutting area is provided with a multi-micro-blade structure which can gradually cut, materials with the thickness d are synchronously and gradually removed by m micro blades, and on the premise that the material removal amount in unit time is the same, the cutting thickness corresponding to each micro blade is reduced to d/m, so that the cutting depth is effectively controlled, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the cutting heat is effectively dispersed; the auxiliary cutting edge is arranged, so that the machined hole wall has better surface quality. Therefore, the invention utilizes a plurality of micro blades to cut simultaneously, and the connection and the disconnection between the micro blades and the workpiece are carried out gradually, thereby improving the hole making efficiency, improving the surface quality of the processed hole wall and prolonging the service life of the drill.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below. It should be apparent that the drawings in the following description are merely exemplary, and that other embodiments can be derived from the drawings provided by those of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort.
The structures, ratios, sizes, and the like shown in the present specification are only used for matching with the contents disclosed in the specification, so that those skilled in the art can understand and read the present invention, and do not limit the conditions for implementing the present invention, so that the present invention has no technical significance, and any structural modifications, changes in the ratio relationship, or adjustments of the sizes, without affecting the functions and purposes of the present invention, should still fall within the scope covered by the contents disclosed in the present invention.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a progressive cutting drill according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion of the second cutting area of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is an end axial view of the bit body;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a micro-blade of a progressive cutting drill according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a view showing the construction of a secondary cutting edge of a progressive cutting drill according to example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a flowchart of a CFRP drilling method based on a progressive cutting bit according to embodiment 2 of the present invention.
In the figure: 11-a first main cutting zone; 12-a second main cutting zone; 13-a continuous secondary cutting zone; 14-a shank clamping area; 1-a first main cutting edge; 3-micro blade; 4-a secondary cutting edge; 5, a chip removal straight groove; 6-first chip flutes; 7-a second chip flute; alpha-a first apex angle; beta-second apex angle.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in terms of particular embodiments, other advantages and features of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following disclosure, and it is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention and that it is not intended to limit the invention to the particular embodiments disclosed. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
In the present specification, the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "middle", and the like are used for clarity of description, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and changes or modifications in the relative relationship may be made without substantial changes in the technical content.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1 to 5, embodiment 1 provides a progressive cutting drill, including a drill body, a first main cutting area 11, a second main cutting area 12, a continuous auxiliary cutting area 13 and a shank clamping area 14 are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the drill body, a chip removal straight flute 5 is arranged on the periphery of the drill body, the chip removal straight flute 5 extends from the first main cutting area 11 to the continuous auxiliary cutting area 13, the chip removal straight flute 5 can be multiple, preferably, two chip removal straight flutes 5 are arranged on the drill body, and the two chip removal straight flutes 5 are symmetrical about the axis of the drill body, so that the drill has better strength. The groove edge of the straight chip removal groove 5 in the continuous secondary cutting area 13 facing the cutting direction is a secondary cutting edge 4, and the secondary cutting edge 4 is used for removing burrs, so that the machined hole wall has better surface quality.
In the present embodiment, the groove edge of the straight chip removal groove 5 facing the cutting direction in the first main cutting area 11 is a first main cutting edge 1, the first main cutting area 11 has a taper with a taper angle α, preferably, the taper angle α is 110 ° to 120 °, the contact area between the drill and the CFRP is increased, the first main cutting edge 1 has high rigidity, and the centering effect after drilling is good, and the second main cutting area 12 has a taper with a taper angle β, preferably, the taper angle β is 10 ° to 30 °, the cutting axial force is reduced. Because the taper angle alpha of the first main cutting area 11 and the taper angle beta of the second main cutting area 12 are different, a double-vertex angle structure is formed, and the stability of drilling in during cutting is improved.
In this embodiment, a multi-micro-blade structure is disposed on the peripheral side of the second main cutting area 12, preferably, the plurality of micro-blades 3 are distributed along a spiral line extending from the front end to the rear end of the second main cutting area 12, the lift angle of the spiral line is 30 ° to 40 °, the plurality of micro-blades 3 are distributed on the spiral line at equal intervals, the cutting load borne by the cutting blade is reduced, and the CFRP is not prone to delamination damage.
In the present embodiment, the distances from the bit body axis to the plurality of micro blades 3 located on the same plane perpendicular to the bit body axis are equal. The surface of each micro blade 3 facing the cutting direction is a front blade surface of the micro blade 3, each micro blade 3 is provided with two rear blade surfaces, the first rear blade surface is intersected with the front blade surface of the micro blade 3, the included angle formed by the first rear blade surface and the cutting direction is a first rear angle, the second rear blade surface is intersected with the first rear blade surface of the micro blade 3, the included angle formed by the second rear blade surface and the cutting direction is a second rear angle, the first rear angle of the micro blade 3 is 6-12 degrees, the second rear angle of the micro blade 3 is 25-30 degrees, and the front angle formed by the front blade surface of the micro blade 3 and the cutting direction of the micro blade 3 is 0-5 degrees. By using a plurality of micro-blades 3 to remove material, the cutting depth is equally distributed among all the micro-blades 3, so that the chip load of each micro-blade 3 will be reduced, and a greater feeding speed or cutting depth can be adopted to improve the removal rate of the material, thereby improving the cutting efficiency.
In the present embodiment, since the peripheral side of the second main cutting region 12 is provided with the multi-micro-blade structure, a plurality of first chip flutes 6 are formed between the plurality of circumferentially distributed micro-blades 3 on the peripheral side of the second main cutting region 12, preferably, the cross section of each first chip flute 6 is triangular, the diagonal angle of one side of the conical surface where the first chip flutes are located is 60-80 °, the flute pitch of each first chip flute 6 is 2.5-3.5mm, the flute depth is 1-1.5mm, a plurality of second chip flutes 7 are formed between the plurality of axially distributed micro-blades 3 on the peripheral side of the second main cutting region 12, preferably, the flute pitch of each second chip flute 7 is 1-2.5mm, the flute depth is 1-1.5mm, and the second chip flutes 7 intersect with the first chip flutes 6. The micro blades 3 are distributed on the spiral line at equal intervals, so that the lead angle of the first chip groove 6 is the same as that of the spiral line where the micro blades 3 are located, the lead angle is 30-40 degrees, the first chip groove 6 and the second chip groove 7 are used for containing chips and discharging chips, the CFRP is composed of fibers and a matrix, the micro blades 3 cut the chips and the matrix to form discrete powder chips, and the chips are different from chips of metal cutting and can be distributed in the first chip groove 6 and the second chip groove 7 and are taken out after hole making is finished.
Example 2
As shown in fig. 6, embodiment 2 provides a CFRP drilling method based on the progressive cutting drill of embodiment 1, including five stages: step S1, a first main cutting area 11 of a progressive cutting drill is used for contacting and extruding a workpiece, and the center of a hole to be machined is formed on the surface of the workpiece; s2, rotating and feeding the progressive cutting drill, and removing materials of the workpiece by using the first main cutting edge 1; s3, using a plurality of micro blades 3 on a second main cutting area 12 of the progressive cutting drill to participate in cutting, carrying out progressive cutting, and synchronously and progressively removing the material with the thickness of d by using m micro blades 3, wherein on the premise of ensuring the same material removal amount in unit time, the cutting thickness corresponding to each micro blade 3 is reduced to d/m, so that the cutting depth is effectively controlled, the cutting efficiency is improved, and the cutting heat is effectively dispersed; s4, removing burrs by using a secondary cutting edge 4 of the progressive cutting drill; and S5, retreating the progressive cutting drill to leave the cut material, and finishing hole making.
Although the invention has been described in detail above with reference to a general description and specific examples, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (6)
1. The progressive cutting drill is characterized by comprising a drill body, wherein a first main cutting area (11), a second main cutting area (12), a continuous auxiliary cutting area (13) and a shank clamping area (14) are sequentially arranged from the front end to the rear end of the drill body, the first main cutting area (11) has a taper with a taper angle alpha, the second main cutting area (12) has a taper with a taper angle beta, a chip removal straight flute (5) is arranged on the periphery of the drill body, the chip removal straight flute (5) extends from the first main cutting area (11) to the continuous auxiliary cutting area (13), the flute edge of the chip removal straight flute (5) which faces the cutting direction and is positioned in the first main cutting area (11) is a first main cutting edge (1), the peripheral side of the second main cutting area (12) is provided with a multi-micro-edge structure, the multi-micro-edge structure comprises a plurality of micro-edges (3) which are uniformly arranged, and the flute edge of the chip removal straight flute (5) which is positioned in the continuous auxiliary cutting area (13) faces the cutting direction and is a cutting edge (4);
the surface of each micro blade (3) facing the cutting direction is a front cutter surface of the micro blade (3), each micro blade (3) is provided with two rear cutter surfaces, a first rear cutter surface is intersected with the front cutter surface of the micro blade (3), the included angle formed by the first rear cutter surface and the cutting direction is a first rear angle, a second rear cutter surface is intersected with the first rear cutter surface of the micro blade (3), the included angle formed by the second rear cutter surface and the cutting direction is a second rear angle, the first rear angle of the micro blade (3) is 6-12 degrees, the second rear angle of the micro blade (3) is 25-30 degrees, and the front angle formed by the front cutter surface of the micro blade (3) and the cutting direction of the micro blade (3) is 0-5 degrees;
the plurality of micro blades (3) are distributed along a spiral line extending from the front end to the rear end of the second main cutting area (12), and the lead angle of the spiral line is 30-40 degrees;
a plurality of said micro-blades (3) are distributed at equal intervals on said helix;
a plurality of first chip flutes (6) are formed between the micro blades (3) distributed along the circumferential direction of the drill body, a plurality of second chip flutes (7) are formed between the micro blades (3) distributed along the axial direction of the drill body, and the second chip flutes (7) are intersected with the first chip flutes (6);
the section of the first chip groove (6) is triangular, the diagonal angle of one side of the conical surface where the first chip groove (6) is located is 60-80 degrees, the groove pitch of the first chip groove (6) is 2.5-3.5mm, and the groove depth is 1-1.5mm; the distance between the second chip flutes (7) is 1-2.5mm, and the depth of the second chip flutes is 1-1.5mm.
2. The progressive cutting drill bit of claim 1, wherein the taper angle α is between 110 ° and 120 ° and the taper angle β is between 10 ° and 30 °.
3. The progressive cutting drill according to claim 1, wherein the chip discharge straight groove (5) is provided in a plurality of pieces, and the plurality of chip discharge straight grooves (5) are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction of the drill body.
4. Progressive cutting drill according to claim 3, characterised in that the debris discharging straight flutes (5) are provided in two.
5. Progressive cutting drill according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of said microedges (3) lying in the same plane perpendicular to the drill body axis are equidistant from the drill body axis.
6. A CFRP hole making method based on the progressive cutting drill bit of any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized by comprising five stages: s1, contacting and extruding a workpiece by using the first main cutting area (11) of the progressive cutting drill bit, and forming the center of a hole to be machined on the surface of the workpiece; s2, rotating and feeding the progressive cutting drill, and removing materials of a workpiece by using the first main cutting edge (1); s3, using a plurality of micro blades (3) on the second main cutting area (12) of the progressive cutting drill bit to participate in cutting, and performing progressive cutting; s4, removing burrs by using the secondary cutting edge (4) of the progressive cutting drill; and S5, retreating the progressive cutting drill to leave the cut material, and finishing hole making.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110046670.7A CN112894996B (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Progressive cutting drill bit and CFRP hole making method based on progressive cutting drill bit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110046670.7A CN112894996B (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Progressive cutting drill bit and CFRP hole making method based on progressive cutting drill bit |
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| CN112894996A CN112894996A (en) | 2021-06-04 |
| CN112894996B true CN112894996B (en) | 2022-10-14 |
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| CN202110046670.7A Active CN112894996B (en) | 2021-01-13 | 2021-01-13 | Progressive cutting drill bit and CFRP hole making method based on progressive cutting drill bit |
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Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2919212B1 (en) * | 2007-07-26 | 2009-12-25 | Snecma | CERAMIC DRILL FOR HIGH SPEED DRILLING OF COMPOSITE MATERIALS. |
| JP5802893B2 (en) * | 2011-05-18 | 2015-11-04 | Uht株式会社 | Drill and drilling device using the same |
| CN104999118B (en) * | 2015-07-13 | 2017-05-03 | 大连理工大学 | High-efficiency special drilling head for drilling holes in carbon fiber composite material |
| CN105034076B (en) * | 2015-08-18 | 2016-07-27 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of dedicated tool of the efficient drilling of fibre reinforced composites |
| CN105598509A (en) * | 2016-03-07 | 2016-05-25 | 大连理工大学 | Drill bit special for high-quality drilling of carbon fiber reinforced composite |
| CN107378009B (en) * | 2017-08-01 | 2019-04-09 | 大连理工大学 | A kind of micro- serrated knife tool of multi-ladder multiple-cutting-edge gradual change for carbon fibre composite drilling |
| CN210254406U (en) * | 2019-04-23 | 2020-04-07 | 湖南科技大学 | Linear type three-point-fine tooth-shaped drilling and milling composite cutter |
| CN111136722A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-12 | 西南石油大学 | Cutter and method for drilling carbon fiber composite material |
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