CN116079125B - Special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite material - Google Patents

Special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite material Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116079125B
CN116079125B CN202310370194.3A CN202310370194A CN116079125B CN 116079125 B CN116079125 B CN 116079125B CN 202310370194 A CN202310370194 A CN 202310370194A CN 116079125 B CN116079125 B CN 116079125B
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area
reaming
milling
cutting edges
cutter
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CN116079125A (en
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郝兆朋
孔令昊
范依航
徐永烁
林洁琼
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Changchun University of Technology
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Changchun University of Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23CMILLING
    • B23C5/00Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/02Milling-cutters characterised by the shape of the cutter
    • B23C5/10Shank-type cutters, i.e. with an integral shaft
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/10Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)

Abstract

A special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of a carbon fiber composite material belongs to milling tools and solves the problem that layering, tearing, machining and damage occur on the upper surface and the lower surface of a workpiece during machining of the existing spiral milling cutter. The cutting part comprises a front milling hole area, a middle reaming area and a rear trimming area which are connected in sequence; the milling hole area with smaller diameter is connected with the trimming area with larger diameter by a reaming area with isosceles trapezoid projection surface, the cutting edge of the milling hole area deflects towards the inner side of the cutter, the curved surface formed by the movement of the milling hole area around the rotary shaft of the cutter is conical inverted to the reaming area, and the trimming area is in a peripheral milling cutter structure; the hole milling area is provided with a plurality of cutting edges which feed and cut along the axial direction of the cutter, the reaming area is provided with right-handed reaming cutting edges which are equal in number and sequentially connected with the hole milling area, and the trimming area is provided with left-handed reaming cutting edges which are larger than the reaming cutting edges in number. The invention can effectively inhibit layering and tearing damage of the top layer and the bottom layer of the workpiece in the hole processing of the carbon fiber composite material.

Description

Special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite material
Technical Field
The invention relates to a spiral hole milling tool for a composite material with a laminated structure, in particular to a special composite tool for spiral hole milling of a carbon fiber composite material.
Background
The carbon fiber composite material is widely applied to the manufacture of aircraft skins and structural members in the aerospace field by virtue of the excellent characteristics of light weight, high strength, good fatigue resistance and the like, so that a great deal of connecting hole processing demands are met. The current common method for processing the holes of the carbon fiber composite material is to drill holes by using a drill bit or mill holes by using an end mill, and the poor processing quality restricts the wide application of the carbon fiber composite material for a long time. The carbon fiber composite material is generally a laminate material formed by bonding prepreg cloth made of carbon fibers with epoxy resin. Because the carbon fiber and the prepreg cloth manufactured by the carbon fiber have obvious anisotropism, the production of processing damage such as tearing, layering and the like is easy to occur in the hole making process, the layering damage seriously affects the processing quality, even the workpiece is scrapped, and the serious consequences of the increase of the processing cost and the lengthening of the production period are caused. Delamination damage often occurs near the surface of the workpiece and is classified into delamination that occurs at the upper surface of the workpiece and extrusion that occurs at the lower surface of the workpiece. The extrusion delamination is the debonding separation between the layers of material due to the axial force generated by the tooling during the process being greater than the adhesion between the prepreg layers. Expert practitioners believe that delamination is the peeling of the upper surface of the workpiece caused by the axial force component of the cutting force generated by the side edge of the tool with the helix angle during the cutting process.
The axial force of the helical milling Kong Shiji is reduced in comparison with that of the drilling by using the end mill, but various machining damages cannot be avoided, so that the reduction of the axial force is a necessary measure and an important measure for improving the machining efficiency and the machining quality from the aspect of the structural optimization design of the cutter.
The invention of patent No. ZL2020112856901 discloses the following: the cutting part comprises a front end hole milling area, a transition reaming area and a rear cutting area which are connected in sequence; the diameter of the front end milling hole area is smaller than that of the rear end cutting area, and a transition reaming area is adopted between the front end milling hole area and the rear end cutting area for smooth transition; the front end milling hole area is of an end milling cutter structure, the front end milling hole area is provided with a plurality of bottom cutting edges which feed and cut along the axis direction of the cutter, and the outer surface of the transition reaming area and the outer surface of the rear cutting area are respectively provided with transition cutting edges and side cutting edges which are equal in number with the bottom cutting edges and are sequentially and smoothly connected. In the scheme, the axial force in the spiral hole milling process of the carbon fiber composite material is reduced through the structure of the drum conical flat end mill, the possibility of extrusion delamination of the outlet is reduced, but an effective coping scheme is not provided for delamination at the inlet in the scheme, and the difference of the abrasion degrees of cutting edges at different heights in the transitional reaming region is larger.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problem that layering, tearing and damage easily occur in the spiral hole milling process of the existing carbon fiber composite material, the invention provides a special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of the carbon fiber composite material.
The invention discloses a special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of a carbon fiber composite material.
The cutting part comprises a milling hole area (1), a reaming area (2) and a trimming area (3) which are connected in sequence.
The milling hole area (1) is provided with a plurality of bottom cutting edges which are symmetrically distributed at the center and feed and cut along the axial direction of the cutter, the cutting edges are obliquely arranged in an umbrella shape, a curved surface formed by the movement of the cutting edges around a cutter rotating shaft is in a conical shape inverted to the reaming area (2), and a sharp cutter point is formed at the intersection of the cutting edges of the milling hole area (1) and the cutting edges of the reaming area (2).
The diameter of the milling hole area (1) is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), the milling hole area (1) is connected with the trimming area (3) through a reaming area (2), and the radial projection of the reaming area (2) is isosceles trapezoid.
Preferably, the milling hole area (1) comprises four bottom cutting edges which are distributed in a central symmetry mode and feed and cut along the axis direction of the cutter.
The outer surface of the reaming area (2) is provided with reaming cutting edges which are the same in number as the milling area (1) and are connected with the milling area, the reaming cutting edges are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the reaming area (2), extend to the trimming area (3) and gradually reduce the chip groove depth to fade out.
The trimming area (3) is in a cylindrical shape and is in a Zhou Xidao structure, a plurality of spiral side cutting edges which extend to the reaming area (2) and cut along the radial feeding direction of the cutter are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical surface of the trimming area, and the number of the cutting edges of the trimming area (3) is larger than that of the reaming cutting edges of the reaming area (2).
Preferably, the dressing region (3) comprises six cutting edges which are axially symmetrically distributed and feed-cut along the radial direction of the tool.
Preferably, the included angle, the cutting edge rake angle, the cutting edge relief angle and the cutting edge margin width of adjacent cutting edges in the milling hole area (1) are respectively the same as the included angle, the cutting edge rake angle, the cutting edge relief angle and the cutting edge margin width of adjacent cutting edges in the reaming area (2). The included angle of adjacent cutting edges, the front angle, the rear angle and the cutting edge width of each cutting edge in the trimming area (3) are arranged in the same way.
The reaming area (2) is provided with a right-handed reaming cutting edge, the trimming area (3) is provided with a left-handed reaming cutting edge, the trimming area (3) is provided with a cutting edge which is intersected with the reaming area (2) extending to the trimming area near the connection part of the reaming area (2) and the trimming area (3), and quadrangular bulge-shaped cutting edges with different staggered shapes are formed.
Preferably, the eccentricity is smaller than the radius of the milling area (1) during machining.
Preferably, the lead of the tool path helix should be less than 50% of the length of the reaming region during processing.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention relates to a special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of a carbon fiber composite material, which comprises the steps of firstly, cutting a workpiece by a cutting edge of a milling hole area (1) to process a smaller hole, then continuously expanding the diameter of the hole along with the axial feeding of the cutter by a cutting edge of a reaming area (2), and finally, processing the hole to a final aperture by a cutting edge of a trimming area (3); the cutting edge of the concave milling hole area reduces the action area of the bottom edge and the workpiece, and further reduces the axial force; meanwhile, a cutter point formed by a concave milling hole area cutting edge and a reaming area cutting edge in the processing process of the workpiece bottom layer material can quickly and effectively form a notch on the workpiece bottom layer, so that the pushing action of the processing axial force on the bottom layer material is timely reduced, and the possibility of forming pushing layering at an outlet is greatly reduced; in the final trimming process, the axial component of the cutting force generated by the left-handed cutting edge is consistent with the axial feeding direction of the cutter, so that the possibility of delamination of the top layer of the workpiece can be reduced; the radial projection area is isosceles trapezoid reaming area (2) and cutting load in the height range in the machining process is more uniformly dispersed, so that a more stable lifting effect can be provided during outlet machining, and the outlet machining quality is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a diagram showing the whole structure of a special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of a carbon fiber composite material.
Fig. 2 is a radial projection of the tool of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is an end view of a milling hole area of the compound tool.
Fig. 4 is a section A-A of the inventive tool reaming region of fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 4 at C.
FIG. 6 is a section B-B of the tool modification area of the present invention shown in FIG. 1.
Fig. 7 is a partial enlarged view of fig. 6 at E.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is apparent that the embodiments described are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
It should be noted that, without conflict, the embodiments of the present invention and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other.
The invention is further described below with reference to the drawings and specific examples, which are not intended to be limiting.
As shown in fig. 1 to 7, a composite tool special for low-damage helical milling and expanding of a carbon fiber composite material of the present embodiment includes a cutting portion, a necking structure (4) and a shank portion (5) connected.
The cutting part of the embodiment comprises a milling hole area (1), a reaming area (2) and a trimming area (3) which are connected in sequence.
The diameter of the milling hole area (1) is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), the milling hole area (1) is connected with the trimming area (3) through a reaming area (2), and the radial projection of the reaming area (2) is isosceles trapezoid.
The milling hole area (1) is provided with four bottom cutting edges which are distributed in a central symmetry mode and feed and cut along the axial direction of the cutter, and the milling hole area comprises a first bottom cutting edge D1, a second bottom cutting edge D2, a third bottom cutting edge D3 and a fourth bottom cutting edge D4.
The reaming area (2) is provided with four reaming cutting edges which are axially symmetrically distributed and cut along the radial feeding direction of the cutter, and the reaming area comprises a first reaming cutting edge K1, a second reaming cutting edge K2, a third reaming cutting edge K3 and a fourth reaming cutting edge K4, and the reaming cutting edges extend to the trimming area (3) and gradually reduce the chip groove depth to fade-out.
In practical application, the milling hole area (1) and the reaming area (2) are not limited to four blades, but can be arranged in 2 or more than two.
In the present embodiment, the trimming area (3) has a cylindrical shape and a Zhou Xidao structure, and six spiral side cutting edges extending to the reaming area (2) and feeding cutting along the radial direction of the cutter are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction, wherein the spiral side cutting edges comprise a first trimming cutting edge X1, a second trimming cutting edge X2, a third trimming cutting edge X3, a fourth trimming cutting edge X4, a fifth trimming cutting edge X5 and a sixth trimming cutting edge X6.
In practical application, the trimming area (3) is not limited to six cutting edges, and the number of the cutting edges of the reaming area (2) can be selected according to the cutter size.
In the embodiment, the outer diameter of the small end of the reaming area (2) is matched with the milling area (1), and the outer diameter of the large end of the reaming area is matched with the trimming area (3); an included angle (10) between the radial projection of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) and the radial projection of the cutting edge of the milling hole area (3) is an acute angle, so that a sharp knife point (8) is formed; an included angle (9) between the radial projection of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) and the radial projection of the cutting edge of the trimming area (3) is an obtuse angle.
In the embodiment, the included angle (11) of the adjacent cutting edges of the hole milling area (1) and the included angle (12) of the adjacent cutting edges of the reaming area (2) are arranged in the same mode, and the front angle, the rear angle and the margin width of the cutting edges of the hole milling area (1) are arranged in the same mode as the front angle (13), the rear angle (15) and the margin width (14) of the cutting edges of the reaming area (2).
In the present embodiment, the trimming area (3) selects the adjacent cutting edge included angle (16) according to the number, and the rake angle (17), relief angle (19) and margin width (18) of the cutting edge are set to be the same as the rake angle (13), relief angle (15) and margin width (14) of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2).
In the embodiment, the reaming cutting edge of the reaming area (2) is in right rotation, the spiral angle is (6), the cutting edge of the trimming area (3) is in left rotation, the spiral angle is (7), and the cutting edge of the trimming area (3) and the reaming cutting edge of the reaming area (2) extending to the trimming area intersect at the vicinity of the joint of the reaming area (2) and the trimming area (3) to form quadrilateral convex cutting edges with different staggered shapes.
According to the milling hole area (1), the cutting edge diameter is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), the milling hole area (1) and the trimming area (3) are connected through the reaming area (2), milling machining is carried out on the milling hole area (1) and the trimming area (3) with the same eccentricity in the spiral milling process, a hole with smaller diameter is formed by the cutting edge of the milling hole area (1), the radial dimension of the cutter in contact with a material is changed due to the axial movement of the cutter in the axial movement process of the cutter, the initially formed hole is enlarged continuously, and the milling hole re-reaming machining process is formed; the material removal proportion of the right spiral cutting edge is effectively improved through the reaming process, and the lifting effect of the right spiral cutting edge in the processing process of the outlet material is improved; through using radial projection to be isosceles trapezoid's reaming district (2), cutter axial motion distance is linear variation trend with the processing region cutter diameter, makes export course of working reaming cutting edge can provide stable pulling effect for a long time, reduces the export and extrudes the possibility of layering, improves processingquality, and the fibre takes place the shearing fracture in strong support direction simultaneously, further reduces the fibre and takes place the probability that bending deformation failed in time cut off in weak support direction, reduces burr area improvement surface quality.
According to the milling hole area (1), the diameter of the cutting edge is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), so that the action area of the cutting edge of the milling hole area (1) and a material can be reduced, the contact area of the cutting edge of the milling hole area (1) and the material is further reduced through the cutting edge which is obliquely arranged in an umbrella shape, the axial force generated by the milling hole area (1) in the machining process is concentrated at the center of the hole, the axial force acting on the edge of the hole wall is reduced, and the possibility of extrusion layering is reduced; the sharp knife point (8) formed by the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) and the cutting edge of the milling area (1) can quickly release the material deformation of the bottom layer material caused by the axial force when the bottom layer material forms a notch in the outlet machining process, so that the possibility of extrusion delamination is reduced, and the machining quality is improved.
When the left-hand cutting edge of the trimming area (3) cuts the inlet material, the cutting edge generates acting force in the pushing direction on the top layer material under the influence of the spiral angle of the cutting edge, so that the possibility of delamination and tearing is reduced, the possibility of delamination in the inlet is reduced, the processing quality is improved, meanwhile, the fibers are sheared and broken in the strong supporting direction, the probability that the fibers are bent and deformed in the weak supporting direction and cannot be cut off in time is further reduced, the burr area is reduced, and the surface quality is improved.
Specific examples: the reaming zone (2) of this embodiment is 5mm in length, the dressing zone (3) is 5mm in length, the necking structure (4) is 10mm in length, and the shank (5) is 50mm in length.
On the premise of not affecting the integral rigidity and the use convenience of the cutter, the necking structure (4) can be properly prolonged, so that the cutter has enough movement space in the axial direction, and the length of the handle (5) is required to ensure the stability of clamping.
In order to ensure the machining effect of the cutter, the radius of the necking structure (4) is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), and the length of the necking structure (4) can be properly adjusted according to the thickness of the machined material.
The included angle between four cutting edges of the milling hole area (1) is 90 degrees, and the included angle between adjacent cutting edges of the trimming area (3) is 60 degrees.
The diameter of the milling hole area (1) and the length of the reaming area (2) are both larger than the radius of the cutting edge of the trimming area (3) so as to ensure the strength of the cutter. The diameter of the milling hole area (1) is 5.5mm, and the diameter of the finishing area (3) is 8mm. In order to ensure the strength of the cutter, the included angle (9) between the radial projection of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) and the radial projection of the cutting edge of the trimming area (3) is 166 degrees; in order to ensure the strength of the cutter, an included angle (10) between the radial projection of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) and the radial projection of the cutting edge of the milling area (3) is 84 degrees.
The front angle (13) of the cutting edge of the reaming area (2) is 7 degrees, the back angle (15) is 7 degrees, the cutting edge width (14) is 0.5mm, and the helix angle (6) is 30 degrees.
The cutting edge rake angle (17) of the trimming area (3) is 7 degrees, the relief angle (19) is 7 degrees, the margin (18) is 0.5mm, and the helix angle (7) is 30 degrees.
The YG8 type tungsten cobalt hard alloy is adopted as the base material of the cutter, the Co content of the base material is 8%, the base material is suitable for processing cast iron, nonferrous metals and alloys and nonmetallic materials thereof, and the base material has the characteristics of high hardness, good thermosetting property, difficult deformation, difficult breakage and the like, and has better toughness and wear resistance.
In order to ensure the machining effect of the cutter, the eccentricity during machining is smaller than the radius of the bottom cutting edge of the front end milling hole area, holes with different sizes can be machined by changing the eccentricity within the range of the value, and the machining flexibility of the production line is improved.
Although the invention herein has been described with reference to particular embodiments, it is to be understood that these embodiments are merely illustrative of the principles and applications of the present invention. It is therefore to be understood that numerous modifications may be made to the illustrative embodiments and that other arrangements may be devised without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as defined by the appended claims. It should be understood that the different dependent claims and the features herein may be combined in ways other than as described in the original claims. It is also to be understood that features described in connection with separate embodiments may be used in other embodiments.

Claims (4)

1. The special composite cutter for the low-damage spiral milling and expanding of the carbon fiber composite material is characterized by comprising a cutting part, a necking structure and a handle part which are connected;
the cutting part comprises a front milling hole area (1), a middle reaming area (2) and a rear trimming area (3) which are connected in sequence;
the radial projection of the reaming area (2) is isosceles trapezoid, the milling area (1) is provided with a plurality of bottom cutting edges which are symmetrically distributed in the center and feed and cut along the axial direction of the cutter, the cutting edges are obliquely arranged in an umbrella shape, a curved surface formed by the movement of the cutting edges around a cutter rotating shaft is in a conical shape inverted to the reaming area (2), and a sharp cutter point is formed at the intersection of the cutting edges of the milling area (1) and the cutting edges of the reaming area (2);
the reaming area (2) is provided with a right-handed reaming cutting edge, the trimming area (3) is provided with a left-handed reaming cutting edge, the trimming area (3) is provided with a cutting edge which is intersected with the reaming area (2) extending to the trimming area near the connection part of the reaming area (2) and the trimming area (3), and quadrangular bulge-shaped cutting edges with different staggered shapes are formed.
2. The special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of the carbon fiber composite material according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the milling hole area (1) is smaller than that of the trimming area (3), the milling hole area (1) and the trimming area (3) are connected by a reaming area (2), the outer surface of the reaming area (2) is provided with reaming cutting edges which are the same in number as and are connected with bottom cutting edges, the reaming cutting edges are uniformly distributed on the outer surface of the reaming area (2), extend to the trimming area (3) and the chip groove depth is gradually reduced to fade-out;
the trimming area (3) is in a cylindrical shape and is in a Zhou Xidao structure, a plurality of spiral side cutting edges which extend to the reaming area (2) and cut along the radial feeding direction of the cutter are uniformly distributed on the cylindrical surface of the trimming area, and the number of the cutting edges of the trimming area (3) is larger than that of the reaming cutting edges of the reaming area (2).
3. The composite tool special for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, wherein during machining, the eccentricity is smaller than the radius of a milling hole area.
4. The composite tool special for low-damage helical milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite materials according to claim 1, wherein the lead of the tool path helical line is less than 50% of the length of the reaming area during processing.
CN202310370194.3A 2023-04-10 2023-04-10 Special composite cutter for low-damage spiral milling and expanding of carbon fiber composite material Active CN116079125B (en)

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CN215786995U (en) * 2021-03-01 2022-02-11 湖南贝特新能源科技有限公司 Composite forming milling cutter
CN218109475U (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-23 苏州嘉诚自动化科技有限公司 Slotting tool for dovetail slide rail

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CN202239847U (en) * 2011-07-04 2012-05-30 沈阳飞机工业(集团)有限公司 Numerical control end milling cutter for burr-free processing composite material
DE102012009328B3 (en) * 2012-03-21 2013-08-14 MAPAL Fabrik für Präzisionswerkzeuge Dr. Kress KG Fräsbohrwerkzeug
JP5925250B2 (en) * 2014-07-07 2016-05-25 ユニオンツール株式会社 Square end mill
CN206277477U (en) * 2016-12-26 2017-06-27 浙江瑞亨精密工具有限公司 A kind of blade milling cutter of double helix two
CN207577516U (en) * 2017-05-24 2018-07-06 超美精密工业(惠州)有限公司 A kind of milling cutter with high abrasion resisting
CN108637337A (en) * 2018-05-04 2018-10-12 大连理工大学 A kind of forward direction-reverse acting spiral milling cutter
CN109128323A (en) * 2018-07-20 2019-01-04 西安交通大学 A kind of double helix side edge milling cutter towards composite material hole milling
CN112453532B (en) * 2020-11-17 2022-05-31 哈尔滨工业大学 Special composite cutter for carbon fiber composite spiral hole milling and machining method thereof

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN211539657U (en) * 2019-12-16 2020-09-22 天津市亿环金属机械制造有限公司 Novel nonferrous metal milling blade
CN215786995U (en) * 2021-03-01 2022-02-11 湖南贝特新能源科技有限公司 Composite forming milling cutter
CN218109475U (en) * 2022-10-17 2022-12-23 苏州嘉诚自动化科技有限公司 Slotting tool for dovetail slide rail

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