CN112893854A - 一种用氨水雾化金属或合金熔液制取金属、合金粉末的方法 - Google Patents
一种用氨水雾化金属或合金熔液制取金属、合金粉末的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonium hydroxide Chemical compound [NH4+].[OH-] VHUUQVKOLVNVRT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 235000011114 ammonium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 19
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 17
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000003116 impacting effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000000967 suction filtration Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000009692 water atomization Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000009689 gas atomisation Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006555 catalytic reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010146 3D printing Methods 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002915 carbonyl group Chemical group [*:2]C([*:1])=O 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011031 large-scale manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011859 microparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001603 reducing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005979 thermal decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明公开了一种用氨水雾化金属或合金熔液制取金属、合金粉末的方法。首先是配置氨水,将氨气通入去离子水中,根据需要,配置质量比1%‑35%的氨水。第二,根据目标产品的要求,配置并熔化金属液;第三,将整个雾化系统抽真空,加入氮气保护,高压水泵将氨水加压至10MPa‑150MPa,冲击从中间包漏下的金属或合金熔液流束,得到金属或合金粉末与氨水混合物;最后,在金属或合金粉末与氨水混合物沉淀后,氨水进入贮罐循环使用;湿的粉末经氮气保护下抽滤、烘干、筛分或气流分级,得到金属、合金粉末。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用高压液体射流冲击金属、合金熔液(下简称“金属液”)流束,制取超细金属、合金粉末的方法。具体地说,是利用液氨与水的混合液氨水,经加压至高压,高压氨水射流冲击金属液流束,将金属液流束冲击成细小微粒,得到超细金属、合金粉末的方法。本方法可以制造不含与氨反应的单质金属粉末、不锈钢及合金钢粉末、非晶粉末、纳米晶粉末。属微纳米金属材料、金属功能材料技术领域。
背景技术
随着金属粉末注射成型(MIM)、增材制造(3D打印)、软磁金属材料及电子元器件(电感、电磁屏蔽)、微波吸收材料、超硬材料制品等领域的发展与技术进步,对金属粉末在超细化(微、纳米粒径)、球形形貌、高纯度、好的流动性、大比表面积、质量均匀稳定等方面,要求越来越高。规模化地生产出满足上述高新技术领域要求的金属粉末,不锈钢及合金钢粉末,非晶粉末,纳米晶粉末,已成为行业的普遍追求。
金属粉末的制造方法多种多样。比如还原法,主要是通过将海绵铁破碎、球磨、还原,得到还原铁粉;电解法,主要生产单质的铁、镍、锰粉等;羰基法,是通热分解Fe(CO)5、Ni(CO)4,生产微、纳米铁粉、镍粉;离心法,熔化的金属液流被高速旋转的离心盘甩成细小液滴,得到金属或合金粉末,该法可以生产各种金属合金粉,但设备要求高,大规模生产受到限制。
既能生产单质金属粉末,又能生产不锈钢及合金钢粉末、非晶粉末、纳米晶粉末的生产技术,当属雾化法。雾化法又分为高压气雾化法、高压或超高压水雾化法两种。
高压气雾化法制粉,是用高压氮气或氩气作动力源,通过高压氮气或氩气的射流,冲击熔化的金属液流束,得到金属或合金粉末。此方法可以生产出球形、低氧含量的金属或合金粉末。但因高压气体在喷嘴喷出后,即刻扩散而没有方向性,导致冲击力减弱,比较难生产出平均粒径10μm以下的产品。要使喷出的气体接触到被雾化的金属液瞬间,尚有所需要的冲击力来雾化金属液流束达到雾化效果,就必须使气体喷嘴紧贴于金属液漏嘴(一般称之为紧耦式),尽量减小两者之间的距离,由于压缩气体从喷嘴喷出时的强烈扩散,气体可能扩散向金属液漏嘴,将金属液顶在漏嘴处,造成堵塞;严重时,将金属液向上顶出,迫使雾化中断。即使对雾化系统采取抽真空的措施,也难以避免堵塞漏嘴或金属液流束反冲问题的发生。上述原因导致气雾化制粉实现较为困难,限制了该技术的使用。
高压或超高压水雾化法制粉,是用高压或超高压水作动力源,通过高压或超高压水的射流,冲击熔化的金属液流束,得到金属或合金粉末。因高压或超高压水在喷出后,具有一定的方向性,即使高压水喷嘴与被雾化的金属液之间保持一定的距离(一般称之为分离式),当高压水接触到金属液时,仍有相当的能量来冲击金属液,达到雾化金属液流束的效果,使得水雾化制粉较容易实现。水雾化制粉虽然较容易实现,但其所制取的金属或合金粉末形貌不规则;由于水中含有活性氧,以及水遇到高温金属液时,在高温金属液催化下会有少量分解出氧,氧极易与高温金属反应,导致水雾化所制取的金属粉末氧含量较高,降低了质量,限制了水雾化制粉的使用。
发明内容
本发明利用高压氨水作为雾化动力源,高压氨水射流冲击金属流束,生产出颗粒球形、平均粒径20μm以下、氧含量低的超细金属、合金粉末。
具体地说,本发明是针对现有高压气雾化、高压或超高压水雾化技术的不足,创造性地运用液氨与水可以任意比例互溶,得到氨水,利用氨水物理、化学性质,制造金属、合金粉末。
氨水有沸点低(氨的比例不同,沸点不同)、气液体积比大、气化膨胀迅速的物理性质。当高压氨水射流冲击到高温金属液流束时,瞬间气化膨胀,给予金属液流束更大的冲击力,使得金属液流束被冲击成更加细微的液滴,也就是收得的粉末更细;氨水中的氨在射出后,瞬间气化,起到气雾化制粉中气的作用,使得粉末像气雾化粉一样为球形。
氨具有遇高温铁族元素,可部分被催化分解出H2+N2的化学性质。H2可还原水中的活性氧及水分解出的氧,使得制取的金属、合金粉末氧含量低,烧结活性好。
氨水是危险化学品,易挥发,挥发物对人有害;可燃,分解出的氢与空气接触,会爆炸;兼具还原、氧化性;碱性等。所以,利用氨水作为雾化介质,必须在全密闭的真空条件进行。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
配置氨水,将氨气通入去离子水中,根据需要,配置质量比1%-35%的氨水。
根据目标产品的要求,配置并熔化金属液。
将整个雾化系统抽真空,加入氮气保护,高压水泵将氨水加压至10MPa-150MPa,冲击从中间包漏下的金属液流束,得到金属粉末与氨水混合物。
金属粉末与氨水混合物沉淀后,氨水进入贮罐循环使用;湿的粉末经氮气保护下抽滤、烘干、筛分或气流分级,得到金属、合金粉末。
Claims (1)
1.一种用氨水雾化金属或合金熔液制取金属、合金粉末的方法,其特征在于用高压的氨水射流冲击金属液流束,制取金属、合金粉末。
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN113878124A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-04 | 泉州市鑫航新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铁硅铬镓铟氮合金软磁粉末的水气联合雾化制备方法 |
CN113909482A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-11 | 泉州市鑫航新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铁硅铬镓铟氮合金软磁粉末的气雾化制备方法 |
CN115156543A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-11 | 河南弘博新材料有限公司 | 一种铁镍合金粉生产工艺 |
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CN113878124A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-04 | 泉州市鑫航新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铁硅铬镓铟氮合金软磁粉末的水气联合雾化制备方法 |
CN113909482A (zh) * | 2021-10-15 | 2022-01-11 | 泉州市鑫航新材料科技有限公司 | 一种铁硅铬镓铟氮合金软磁粉末的气雾化制备方法 |
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CN115156543A (zh) * | 2022-07-15 | 2022-10-11 | 河南弘博新材料有限公司 | 一种铁镍合金粉生产工艺 |
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