CN112885153A - General aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network integration - Google Patents
General aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network integration Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The embodiment of the invention provides a general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion, wherein a central computer receives flight data acquired by each sensor device in a flight data acquisition device group, determines a network transmission link by analyzing one or more of the ground-air environment, the executed task type and the flight data type of a general aviation aircraft, and starts one or more of a map transmission station, a public network signal sending device, a Beidou signal sending device and a Shulaa signal sending device to establish communication with corresponding devices in a ground terminal system according to the network transmission link so as to transmit the flight data. The invention enables the general aviation aircraft to adaptively select a proper network transmission link when facing various complex environments, exerts the advantages of various communication links, provides reliable link guarantee for monitoring the safety of the general aviation aircraft, and can obviously improve the flight capability of the general aviation aircraft under various complex conditions.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of general aviation, in particular to a general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion.
Background
This section is intended to provide a background or context to the embodiments of the invention that are recited in the claims. The description herein is not admitted to be prior art by inclusion in this section.
General aviation refers to aviation activities other than military flight and public air transportation flight, including flight activities in the aspects of industry, agriculture, forestry and animal husbandry, medical treatment and health, emergency and disaster relief, meteorological detection, scientific experiments, cultural sports, private flight and the like.
The safety monitoring of the aircraft is to discover hidden dangers of the aircraft, reduce flight delay, reduce flight cancellation, reduce return events and make the airline profit from the hidden dangers through various applications of the existing flight data.
At present, the general aviation flight safety monitoring is mainly based on an old-fashioned flight service station, technical equipment is backward, the reliability of a communication link between a ground end and an airborne end is low, the transmission rate is low, the number of bytes of transmission data is low, images in an engine room cannot be monitored in real time through a camera and recording equipment and can not be downloaded to the ground system, some special tasks of navigation operation are executed in a boundary and a far sea area, manual assistance is required when the images exceed a tower range, a monitoring blind area exists, the problem that an airplane is out of control when the traditional satellite communication monitoring system based on a single communication means is used for flight operation under extreme conditions of mountainous areas, deserts, rivers, forests and the like is easily caused, and the problems that a general aviation company lacks widely-applicable effective monitoring means and the like are.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to meet the application requirements of rapid development of the general aviation industry in China and strengthen the supervision of a low-altitude aircraft, and to solve the problem of low-altitude general aviation safe operation caused by relative lag of the flight supervision technical means of the current low-altitude aircraft in China, a novel general aircraft safety monitoring system needs to be developed and researched urgently.
In view of the above, the present invention provides a general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network convergence, which overcomes or at least partially solves the above problems, comprising: an onboard terminal system and a ground terminal system;
the airborne terminal system is arranged in the general aviation aircraft and comprises a flight data acquisition equipment group, a central computer, a picture transmission radio station and a multi-network fusion equipment group; the flight data acquisition equipment group comprises one or more sensor equipment used for acquiring flight data of the general aviation aircraft, and the flight data is used for remotely monitoring the flight condition of the general aviation aircraft; the multi-network fusion equipment group comprises public network signal sending equipment, Beidou signal sending equipment and Schwara sub signal sending equipment;
the ground terminal system is arranged on a ground monitoring station and comprises a picture transmission base station, a multi-network fusion receiver set and a display equipment set; the multi-network fusion receiver set comprises a public network signal receiver, a Beidou signal receiver and a Schwara sub signal receiver; the display equipment set comprises one or more display equipment which receives flight data from the graph transmission base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Shulaa signal receiver and analyzes, displays, models, stores and the like the flight data;
the map radio station, the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Shula sub-signal sending equipment are communicated with the map base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Shula sub-signal receiver respectively to transmit flight data;
the central computer receives the flight data acquired by each sensor device in the flight data acquisition device group, determines a network transmission link by analyzing one or more of the ground-air environment, the executed task type and the flight data type of the general aviation aircraft, and starts one or more of a map transmission station, a public network signal sending device, a Beidou signal sending device and a Shulaza signal sending device to establish communication with corresponding devices in the ground terminal system according to the network transmission link so as to transmit the flight data.
Optionally, the central computer determines the network transmission link by analyzing one or more of the ground-air environment where the general aviation aircraft is located, the type of the executed task, and the type of the flight data, and starts one or more of the graph transmission station, the public network signal transmission device, the beidou signal transmission device, and the schalaya signal transmission device to establish communication with a corresponding device in the ground terminal system according to the network transmission link to transmit the flight data, including:
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an area which is less than a preset distance away from the ground monitoring station, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a picture transmission station communication link and starts the picture transmission station to transmit flight data to the picture transmission base station;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace which is less than a preset height from the ground and the coverage rate of the public network is greater than a preset threshold value, the central computer determines that a network transmission link is a public network communication link, starts the public network signal sending equipment to send flight data to a public network base station, and then the public network base station forwards the flight data to a public network signal receiver;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace of which the public network coverage rate is smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a Shula sub-satellite communication link, starts the Shula sub-signal sending equipment to send flight data to the Shula sub-satellite, then the Shula sub-satellite forwards the flight data to a communication satellite gateway station arranged on the land, and finally the flight data is forwarded to a Shula sub-signal receiver through the communication satellite gateway station;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace with the public network coverage rate smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value and meets an emergency, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a Beidou satellite communication link, starts a Beidou signal to send flight data to a Beidou satellite, forwards the flight data to a Beidou satellite gateway station arranged on the land through the Beidou satellite, and finally forwards the flight data to a Beidou signal receiver through the Beidou satellite gateway station.
Optionally, the frequencies, positions, and spacing distances of the antennas in the public network signal transmitting device, the Beidou signal transmitting device, and the Schwara sub signal transmitting device make the antennas not have electromagnetic interference with each other.
Optionally, the on-board terminal system further includes: an airborne switch; and the airborne switch is used for establishing a data transmission channel for the central computer and one or more of the chart radio station, the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Schwara sub signal sending equipment according to the network transmission link determined by the central computer, and transmitting flight data by using the transmission channel.
Optionally, the flight data acquisition device group includes one or more of the following sensor devices:
the cockpit audio and video acquisition equipment is used for acquiring sound and image information in a cockpit in real time;
the atmosphere data computer is used for measuring and calculating data related to atmosphere parameters around the flying general aviation aircraft;
the flight data recorder is used for recording flight parameters and flight states of the general aviation aircraft and parameters of the working states of all systems of the general aviation aircraft;
the navigation and positioning equipment is used for acquiring data such as satellite positioning data, flight attitude and the like of the general aviation aircraft;
and the flight control command acquisition equipment is used for acquiring control commands and/or task data received by the general aviation aircraft from the ground station or the pilot.
Optionally, the frequencies, positions, and spacing distances of the antennas in the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver, and the Schwara sub signal receiver make the antennas not have electromagnetic interference with each other.
Optionally, the display device group includes one or more of an image display device, a horizon finder display device, and an airway display device.
Optionally, the ground terminal system further comprises: a ground switch; the ground switch is used for establishing a data transmission channel between one or more of the image transmission base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Schwara sub signal receiver and one or more of the image display equipment, the horizon finder display equipment and the airway display equipment so as to transmit flight data.
Optionally, the flight data acquisition device group includes a flight data recorder, an atmospheric data computer, a flight control command acquisition device, a differential radio station, a differential global positioning system DGPS, an inertial measurement unit IMU, and a camera; the differential station is connected with the DGPS through an RS232 interface; the central computer is connected with the IMU through an RS232 interface, is connected with the DGPS through an RS232 interface, is connected with the flight data recorder through an RS232 interface and an RS422 interface, is connected with the atmosphere data computer through an RS422 interface, is connected with the flight control command acquisition equipment through an I/O interface, is connected with the camera through a Local Area Network (LAN) interface, and is connected with the airborne switch through an LAN interface; the airborne switch is connected with the image radio station through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected with the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Shulaya signal sending equipment in the multi-network fusion equipment group through the RS232 interface.
Optionally, the ground switch is connected to the image transmission base station through an LAN interface, and is respectively connected to the public network signal receiver, the beidou signal receiver and the scholaya signal receiver in the multi-network convergence receiver set through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected to the image display device, the horizon finder display device and the route display device in the display device set through the LAN interface.
By means of the technical scheme, the invention provides the network transmission mode switching, so that when the general aviation aircraft faces various complex environments, can adaptively select a proper network transmission link, exerts the advantages of various communication links such as a map radio station, a public network link, a Beidou satellite, a Shulaya satellite and the like, provides reliable link guarantee for monitoring the safety of the general aviation aircraft, the seamless integration of ground, low-altitude and space-based information networks is realized by the flexible switching of the four networks, the defect that only a single satellite communication link is adopted in the general aviation field in the past is overcome, the scheme can remarkably improve the flying ability of the general aviation aircraft to adapt to various complex conditions such as forests, sea areas, deserts, mountainous areas, the overhead space of cities and the like, expands the range of navigation operation, and meets the requirements of navigation operation in different work tasks and different flying environments.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectives and other advantages of the invention will be realized and attained by the structure particularly pointed out in the written description and claims hereof as well as the appended drawings.
The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail by the accompanying drawings and embodiments.
Drawings
The above and other objects, features and advantages of exemplary embodiments of the present invention will become readily apparent from the following detailed description read in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Several embodiments of the invention are illustrated by way of example, and not by way of limitation, in the figures of the accompanying drawings and in which:
FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a schematic diagram of a general aviation safety monitoring system in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 2 schematically illustrates a structural frame diagram of an on-board terminal system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
figure 3 schematically illustrates a structural frame diagram of an on-board terminal system according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 4 schematically illustrates a structural frame diagram of a ground terminal system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 schematically illustrates a structural frame diagram of a ground terminal system according to yet another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 schematically illustrates an operational scenario of a general aviation safety monitoring system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
figure 7 schematically illustrates a structural connection diagram of an on-board terminal system according to an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 schematically illustrates a structural connection diagram of a ground terminal system according to one embodiment of the present invention;
in the drawings, the same or corresponding reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.
Detailed Description
The principles and spirit of the present invention will be described with reference to a number of exemplary embodiments. It is understood that these embodiments are given solely for the purpose of enabling those skilled in the art to better understand and to practice the invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention in any way. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure will be thorough and complete, and will fully convey the scope of the disclosure to those skilled in the art.
For convenience of understanding, the technical terms related to the present invention are explained as follows:
it should be noted that the terminal according to the embodiment of the present invention may include, but is not limited to, a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a desktop computer, a laptop computer, and the like.
In addition, the term "and/or" herein is only one kind of association relationship describing an associated object, and means that there may be three kinds of relationships, for example, a and/or B, which may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist simultaneously, and B exists alone. In addition, the character "/" herein generally indicates that the former and latter related objects are in an "or" relationship.
Although the current universal aviation in China has relatively rapid development, compared with the developed countries of the universal aviation, the gap is still large, the limiting factors influencing the development of the universal aviation are still many, and the value of the universal aviation is not fully exerted. With the advance of the reform process, the bottleneck restricting the development of general aviation gradually disappears, the general aviation industry will be increased explosively, and the number of general aviation aircrafts and small airports will be greatly increased. The general aviation industry faces unprecedented opportunities for development, with the attendant greatly increased low-altitude monitoring and management requirements, and increased aviation weather service capabilities and service quality.
However, most of navigation operation companies in China are generally small in scale, management is not standard enough, and operation cost is sensitive, general aviation operation has the characteristics of wide operation area points and areas, multiple near-ground tasks, randomness of part of service operation paths, execution of some special operations in boundaries and open sea areas, and the like, so that the current general aviation safety monitoring in China has many problems, for example: the flight monitoring is mainly carried out by a tower, manual assistance is needed when the flight monitoring exceeds the range of the tower, a monitoring blind area exists, the loss of connection and the loss of control of the airplane are easy to occur in low-altitude and long-distance flight operation, and a general aviation company lacks of widely applicable effective monitoring means and the like.
In order to meet the application requirements of rapid development of the general aviation industry in China and strengthen the supervision of a low-altitude aircraft, and to solve the problem of low-altitude general aviation safe operation caused by relative lag of the flight supervision technical means of the current low-altitude aircraft in China, a novel general aircraft safety monitoring system needs to be developed and researched urgently.
In order to overcome the problems or at least partially solve the problems, the invention provides a general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion.
The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network integration includes an airborne terminal system 1 and a ground terminal system 2. The on-board terminal system 1 is mounted on a general aviation aircraft and moves along with the flight of the general aviation aircraft. The ground terminal system 2 is installed in a ground monitoring station (including but not limited to a tower, a mobile base station and the like) which is fixed or movable on the ground, and the ground terminal system 2 is installed in the airborne terminal system 1 to communicate with the airborne terminal system so as to realize the safety monitoring of the general aviation aircraft.
As shown in fig. 2, the airborne terminal system 1 includes a flight data acquisition device group 11, a central computer 12, a map transmission station 13 and a multi-network fusion device group 14, which are described below.
The flight data acquisition equipment group 11 is used for acquiring various flight data of the general aviation aircraft, and the flight data can be used for remotely monitoring the flight condition of the general aviation aircraft by a ground monitoring station. In some embodiments, the flight data acquisition device suite 11 may include one or more of the following sensor devices:
(1) the cockpit audio and video acquisition device 111 may be composed of an audio and video acquisition device such as a microphone and a camera, and is used for acquiring sound and image information in the cockpit in real time, such as voice and video images of a pilot;
(2) an atmospheric data computer 112 for measuring and calculating data related to atmospheric parameters around the flying general-purpose aircraft, such as flying height, vertical change rate, indicated airspeed, true airspeed, Mach number, atmospheric static temperature, angle of attack, etc.;
(3) a flight data recorder 113 for recording flight parameters, flight states of the general aviation aircraft and parameters of each system working state of the general aviation aircraft, such as flying height, speed, heading, climbing rate, descending rate, acceleration condition, oil consumption, radar data, Greenwich mean time, airplane system working conditions, engine working parameters and the like;
(4) the navigation and positioning device 114 may be composed of a Real-time kinematic (RTK) carrier phase Differential radio station, a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU), and the like, and is configured to collect data such as satellite positioning data and flight attitude;
(5) the flight control command acquisition device 115 is configured with a DI/DO interface (data input/data output interface), and can acquire control instruction data, task data, and the like received by the general-purpose aircraft from a ground station or a pilot by connecting to an aircraft control system, a flight management computer, and the like.
It should be noted that, in the implementation of the present invention, suitable sensor devices may be combined into the flight data collection device group 11 according to actual situations so as to collect various flight data for remotely monitoring the flight safety situation of the general aviation aircraft, the sensor devices included in the flight data collection device group 11 are not specifically limited in the present invention, that is, the above description is only a specific example of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the protection scope of the present invention, and any other suitable sensor devices combined into the flight data collection device group 11 within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
And the central computer 12 is connected with each sensor device in the flight data acquisition device group 11, receives the flight data acquired by the sensor devices, and forwards the flight data to the image transmission station 13 and/or the multi-network fusion device group 14. The central computer 12 has rich interface resources and can be connected with various sensor devices in the flight data acquisition device group 11, the image transmission radio station 13 and the multi-network fusion device group 14.
The radio transceiver station 13 may establish communication with the base transceiver station 21 in the ground terminal system 2, and transmit flight data of image type, audio type and/or video stream type, in some embodiments, the communication link between the radio transceiver station 13 and the base transceiver station 21 uses UDP protocol to transmit data, for example, according to functional requirements, a telemetry frame protocol of a ground-air data link may be designed, and the protocol includes a frame header, a data bit, a check bit, a frame trailer, etc.
The multi-network convergence device group 14 includes a public network signal transmitting device 141, a beidou signal transmitting device 142 and a schalaya signal transmitting device 143, and these three kinds of transmission devices can establish communication with the public network signal receiver 221, the beidou signal receiver 222 and the schalaya signal receiver 223 of the multi-network convergence receiver group 22 in the ground terminal system 2 respectively to transmit flight data.
(1) The public network signal sending device 141 and the public network signal receiver 221 transmit data through public network links such as 3G/4G/5G;
(2) the Beidou signal transmitting equipment 142 and the Beidou signal receiver 222 transmit data through a communication link of a Beidou satellite;
(3) the scholaya signal transmitting apparatus 143 and the scholaya signal receiver 223 transmit data through a communication link of the scholaya satellite.
In specific implementation, the frequency, the position and the spacing distance of each antenna of the public network signal transmitting device 141, the beidou signal transmitting device 142 and the schalaya signal transmitting device 143 need to satisfy the requirement that the antennas do not interfere with each other electromagnetically. In specific implementation, the frequency, position, and spacing distance of each antenna may be set according to the size of the antenna and the signal transmission frequency, which are actually used, and are not described herein again.
The central computer 12 determines a network transmission link suitable for transmitting information in the ground-air environment by analyzing the ground-air environment where the general aviation aircraft is located, and starts one or more of the image transmission station 13, the public network signal transmitting device 141, the Beidou signal transmitting device 142 and the Schwara signal transmitting device 143 to establish communication with corresponding devices in the ground terminal system 2 according to the network transmission link, so as to transmit flight data.
In some embodiments, in addition to considering the ground-air environment, the central computer 12 may also consider the type of mission being performed by the general-purpose aircraft and/or the type of flight data to be transmitted in combination before determining the network transmission links.
Specifically, the map transmission station 13 is suitable for executing tasks within 20km of short distance, high transmission rate and large broadband flow, such as a video task of real-time transmission monitoring; the Beidou satellite can provide all-weather reliable communication service, so that when emergency situations occur and emergency communication with a ground monitoring station is required, the Beidou signal sending equipment 142 and the Beidou signal receiver 222 in the ground terminal system 2 can be started to transmit data; in the airspace covered by the low-altitude public network, public network links such as 3G/4G/5G and the like can provide high-speed and high-capacity communication services, and when the general aviation aircraft flies in the airspace covered by the low-altitude public network, the public network signal sending equipment 141 and the public network signal receiver 221 in the ground terminal system 2 can be started to transmit data; the scholaya satellite communication system can provide wide-coverage communication support, and is suitable for starting the scholaya signal transmitting equipment 143 and the scholaya signal receiver 223 to transmit data in an airspace with poor public network coverage.
Through the switching of the network transmission mode, the universal aviation aircraft can select a proper network transmission link in a self-adaptive manner when facing various complex environments, the advantages of various communication links such as a map radio station, a public network link, a Beidou satellite, a Shula sub-satellite and the like are exerted, reliable link guarantee is provided for monitoring the safety of the universal aviation aircraft, seamless fusion of ground, low-altitude and space-based information networks is realized through flexible switching of four networks, the defect that only a single satellite communication link is adopted in the field of universal aviation in the past is overcome, the scheme can remarkably improve the flight capability of the universal aviation aircraft in adapting to various complex conditions such as forests, sea areas, deserts, mountainous areas, urban air and the like, the range of navigation operation is expanded, and the requirement of navigation operation in different work tasks and different flight environments is met.
As shown in fig. 3, in some embodiments, in order to relieve the data transmission pressure of the central computer 12 and facilitate outputting the flight data from the central computer 12 to the map transmission station 13, the public network signal transmission device 141, the beidou signal transmission device 142 and the schua sub-signal transmission device 143 according to the determined network transmission link, an onboard switch 15 may be disposed in the onboard end subsystem 1 and respectively connected to the central computer 12 and the map transmission station 13, the public network signal transmission device 141, the beidou signal transmission device 142 and the schua sub-signal transmission device 143, and the onboard switch 15 may select and switch transmission channels according to the network transmission link determined by the central computer 12 to implement data transmission. For example, when the network transmission link determined by central computer 12 is radio map station 13, airborne switch 15 establishes a transmission channel between central computer 12 and radio map station 13, and transmits flight data using the transmission channel.
As shown in fig. 4, the ground terminal system 2 includes a map-based base station 21, a multi-network convergence receiver group 22, and a display device group 23, which are described below.
And the image transmission base station 21 is used for establishing a communication link with the image transmission station 13 in the airborne terminal system 1 and transmitting the flight data of image type, audio type and/or video stream type.
The multi-network convergence receiver set 22 comprises a public network signal receiver 221, a Beidou signal receiver 222 and a Schalaya signal receiver 223, wherein the three receivers can respectively establish communication with a public network signal sending device 141, a Beidou signal sending device 142 and a Schalaya signal sending device 143 of multi-network convergence devices in the airborne terminal system 1 to transmit flight data.
In specific implementation, the frequency, position and spacing distance of each antenna of the public network signal receiver 221, the Beidou signal receiver 222 and the Schwara sub signal receiver 223 need to meet the requirement that the antennas do not interfere with each other electromagnetically. In specific implementation, the frequency, position, and spacing distance of each antenna may be set according to the size of the antenna and the signal transmission frequency, which are actually used, and are not described herein again.
The display device group 23 includes one or more display devices capable of receiving the flight data from the mapping base station 21, the public network signal receiver 221, the beidou signal receiver 222 and the schalaya signal receiver 223, and performing analysis, display, modeling, storage and other processing on the flight data. The flight data are analyzed, displayed, modeled, stored and the like through the display devices, the ground monitoring station can master the flight condition of the general aviation aircraft in real time, reasonable indication is made in time, and the flight safety is ensured.
In some embodiments, the display device group 23 may include one or more of an image display device 231, a horizon finder display device 232, and an airway display device 233:
(1) the image display device 231 receives flight data of images, audios and/or video streams, and previews images of pilots, sounds of cockpit, readings of instrument panels of airplanes and the like in real time through audio and video playing software;
(2) the horizon sensor display device 232 receives flight data such as satellite navigation attitude information and atmospheric aircraft information, and obtains attributes such as data delay and the like by analyzing, recording and comparing an onboard time stamp and a ground terminal time stamp of the data; the interface of the horizon finder display device 232 is used for displaying flight data such as the attitude, the flight speed, engine parameters, atmospheric information and the like of the airplane and mastering the safe and healthy state of the airplane;
(3) the route display device 233 receives flight data such as satellite positioning and attitude, analyzes the data to obtain three-dimensional position data, route data, flight trajectory, and the like of the aircraft, and displays the flight trajectory of the aircraft on a screen.
Through image display device 231, horizon finder display device 232, route display device 233, flight data such as pilot's state, satellite navigation, attitude speed, atmospheric information can be shown in real time to ground monitoring station, and simultaneously through storing, resolving these flight data, ground monitoring station can know in real time and master general aviation aircraft's flight state, provides visual data for safety monitoring.
As shown in fig. 5, in some embodiments, in order to increase the data transmission rate and facilitate the image display device 231, the horizon finder display device 232, and the route display device 233 to receive various types of flight data from the image base station 21, the public network signal receiver 221, the beidou signal receiver 222, and the scholaba signal receiver 223, a ground switch may be configured in the ground terminal system 2, and is used to select and switch transmission channels as needed between the image display device 231, the horizon finder display device 232, the route display device 233, and the image base station 21, the public network signal receiver 221, the beidou signal receiver 222, and the scholaba signal receiver 223, so as to implement data transmission.
Fig. 6 is a working scene example of the general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion shown in fig. 2 to 5, and as shown in fig. 6, an airborne terminal system 1 is installed on the general aviation aircraft, and a ground terminal system 2 is installed in a ground monitoring station, where the airborne terminal system 1 may selectively establish communication connection with the ground terminal system 2 through any one or more of a map transmission radio station 13, a public network communication link, a schalaya satellite communication link, and a beidou satellite communication link, so as to transmit flight data.
(1) When the general aviation aircraft executes a flight task in an area close to the ground monitoring station (for example, less than 20km away from the ground monitoring station), the airborne terminal system 1 selects to transmit flight data to the ground terminal system 2 through the image transmission station 13, and specifically, the central computer 12 in the airborne terminal system 1 starts the image transmission station 13 to directly transmit the flight data to the image transmission base station 21 in the ground terminal system 2.
In the area close to the ground monitoring station, the image transmission station 13 is directly used for transmitting data without external communication networks such as public networks, satellites and the like, the communication link has the advantages of high speed, large capacity, low delay, low error rate and the like, and the communication link is particularly suitable for transmitting image type, audio type and video stream type flight data in short distance and is beneficial to the ground monitoring station to monitor the state of a pilot in real time.
(2) When the general aviation aircraft flies in a low altitude (for example, less than 1km from the ground) and an airspace with good public network coverage (for example, the sky above a city, a forest, and the like), the airborne terminal system 1 selects to transmit flight data to the ground terminal system 2 through the public network communication link, and specifically, the central computer 12 in the airborne terminal system 1 starts the public network signal transmitting device 141 to transmit a public network signal to a public network base station (including but not limited to a public network base station of 3G/4G/5G and the like), and then the public network signal is forwarded to the public network signal receiver 221 in the ground terminal system 2 by the public network base station.
In the airspace with better coverage of the low-altitude public network, the public network communication link can provide high-speed, large-capacity and stable communication service, is convenient to transmit various types of flight data, and fully meets the requirement that a ground monitoring station carries out safety monitoring on the general aviation aircrafts flying in the airspace.
(3) When the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace with poor public network coverage (such as the sky above lakes, sea areas, deserts, mountainous areas and the like), the airborne terminal system 1 selects to transmit flight data to the ground terminal system 2 through the schalaya satellite communication link, specifically, the central computer 12 in the airborne terminal system 1 starts the schalaya signal transmitting device 143 to transmit a satellite communication signal to the schalaya communication satellite, and then the satellite communication signal is transmitted to a communication satellite gateway station arranged on the land through the schalaya communication satellite, and finally the satellite communication signal is transmitted to the schalaya signal receiver 223 in the ground terminal system 2 through the communication satellite gateway station, so that the transmission of the flight data is completed;
when a traditional flight service station executes tasks at a boundary or a far sea area, the monitoring range beyond a ground monitoring station needs to be assisted manually, a monitoring blind area exists, the loss of connection and the loss of control of an airplane are easy to occur in low-altitude and long-distance flight operation, accident reasons can be analyzed afterwards, technical equipment falls behind, effective monitoring is lacked, and safety holes exist. The Schraya communication satellite can provide communication support with high coverage rate, and in an airspace with poor public network coverage, the monitoring range of the ground monitoring station can be remarkably expanded by utilizing the Schraya satellite communication link, so that the problem that the monitoring area is not as long as the flying airspace is solved, and reliable guarantee is provided for monitoring safe flight.
(4) When the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace with poor public network coverage (such as the air above lakes, sea areas, deserts, mountainous areas and the like) and meets emergency situations, the airborne terminal system 1 selects to transmit flight data to the ground terminal system 2 through a Beidou satellite communication link, specifically, the central computer 12 in the airborne terminal system 1 starts a Beidou signal to transmit the satellite signal to the Beidou satellite, the satellite signal is transmitted to a Beidou satellite gateway station arranged on the land through the Beidou satellite, and finally the satellite signal is transmitted to the Beidou signal receiver 222 in the ground terminal system 2 through the Beidou satellite gateway station, so that the transmission of the flight data is completed, and the emergency communication is completed.
Compared with a Shulaya communication satellite, the Beidou satellite has the advantages of being more reliable and lower in delay (but the single communication capacity is smaller), so that when an airspace with poor public network coverage meets emergency situations, the Beidou satellite communication link is selected to complete emergency communication tasks more quickly and reliably, and the ground end monitoring subsystem is ensured to carry out safety monitoring on the aircraft at the moment.
It should be noted that the public network coverage (better or worse) of the airspace may be determined in advance according to the coverage of the mobile signal published by the mobile operating company, for example, for the airspace with the coverage of the 4G network greater than 80%, it may be determined as the airspace with better coverage of the public network, otherwise, it is determined as the airspace with worse coverage of the public network, and in the specific implementation, it is only necessary to configure the public network coverage of different airspaces in the central computer 12 in advance.
Through the switching of the network transmission mode, the general aviation aircraft can select a proper network transmission link in a self-adaptive manner when facing various complex environments, the advantages of various communication links such as a map transmission station 13, a public network link, a Beidou satellite, a Shula sub-satellite and the like are exerted, reliable link guarantee is provided for monitoring the safety of the general aviation aircraft, seamless fusion of ground, low-altitude and space-based information networks is realized through flexible switching of four networks, the defect that only a single satellite communication link is adopted in the general aviation field in the past is overcome, the scheme can remarkably improve the flying capability of the general aviation aircraft in adapting to various complex conditions such as forests, sea areas, deserts, mountainous areas, urban air and the like, the range of navigation operation is expanded, and the requirement of navigation operation in different work tasks and different flying environments is met.
The present invention provides one embodiment of an airborne terminal system, as shown in fig. 7, in which the set of flight data acquisition devices includes a flight data recorder, an atmospheric data computer, a flight control command acquisition device, a differential station, a differential global positioning system DGPS, an inertial measurement unit IMU, and a camera.
As shown in fig. 7, the central computer is connected to the IMU through an RS232 interface, connected to the DGPS through an RS232 interface (the differential station is connected to the DGPS through an RS232 interface), connected to the flight data recorder through an RS232 interface and an RS422 interface, connected to the atmospheric data computer through an RS422 interface, connected to the flight control command acquisition device through an I/O interface, connected to the camera through a Local Area Network (LAN) interface, and connected to the airborne switch through an LAN interface; the airborne switch is connected with the image radio station through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected with the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Shulaya signal sending equipment in the multi-network fusion equipment group through the RS232 interface.
The airborne terminal system of the embodiment has the characteristics of high reliability and multiple acquisition paths, and particularly, the central computer has rich interface resources, and the central computer is connected with various sensor devices in the flight data acquisition device group by utilizing the interfaces so as to collect various types of flight data acquired by the sensor devices and then forwards the flight data to each device in the image radio station or the multi-network fusion device group through the airborne switch.
The invention provides an embodiment of a ground terminal system, as shown in fig. 8, in the embodiment of the ground terminal system, a ground switch is connected with an image transmission base station through a LAN interface, is respectively connected with a public network signal receiver, a Beidou signal receiver and a Schwara sub signal receiver in a multi-network convergence receiver set through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected with an image display device, a horizon finder display device and an airway display device in a display device set through the LAN interface.
The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
(1) the universal aviation aircraft has four network transmission modes such as a map transmission station, a public network communication link, a Beidou satellite communication link and a Schwara sub satellite communication link, can self-adaptively select a proper network transmission link when the universal aviation aircraft faces various complex environments and complex tasks through flexible switching of the four networks, and provides reliable link guarantee for monitoring the safety of the universal aviation aircraft;
(2) by means of the advantages of different communication links, the defect of a single communication link is overcome, the flying capacity of the general aviation aircraft in various complex conditions such as forest, sea area, desert, mountain area, city sky and the like is obviously improved, the navigation operation range is expanded, the requirements of navigation operation in different work tasks and different flying environments are met, the monitoring, tracking and guaranteeing capacities are improved, the supervision blind area is reduced, the flying potential safety hazard is reduced, and the flying safety is ensured;
the image transmission station has the advantages of high speed, large capacity, low delay and low error rate, and is suitable for transmitting flight data in an area with a small distance from a ground monitoring station (such as a tower station and the like); the public network communication link can provide high-speed, large-capacity and stable communication service, is convenient to transmit various types of flight data, and fully meets the requirement of a ground monitoring station on safety monitoring of a general aviation aircraft flying in an airspace with good low-altitude public network coverage; the Schwara communication satellite can provide communication support with high coverage rate, and in an airspace with poor public network coverage, the monitoring range of a ground monitoring station can be remarkably expanded by using a Schwara satellite communication link, so that the problem that the monitored area is not as long as the flying airspace is solved, and reliable guarantee is provided for monitoring safe flight; the Beidou satellite has the advantages of reliability and low delay, so that when the public network covers an airspace with poor coverage and meets emergency situations, the Beidou satellite communication link is selected to complete emergency communication tasks more quickly and reliably, and the ground-side monitoring subsystem is ensured to perform safety monitoring on the aircraft at the moment;
(3) the airborne terminal system is provided with abundant interface resources, can acquire flight data from various sensor devices of different types in a highly reliable and multi-path manner, and meets the requirement that the ground monitoring station carries out various types of safety monitoring on the general aviation aircraft;
(4) the ground terminal system is provided with multifunctional analysis and display equipment, can analyze, display and model various types of received flight data, and provides a data basis for serving as a ground station end command control center for a ground monitoring station.
The above-mentioned embodiments are intended to illustrate the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention in further detail, and it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the scope of the present invention.
Those of skill in the art will further appreciate that the various illustrative logical blocks, units, and steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented as electronic hardware, computer software, or combinations of both. To clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, various illustrative components, elements, and steps have been described above generally in terms of their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends upon the particular application and design requirements of the overall system. Skilled artisans may implement the described functionality in varying ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions should not be interpreted as causing a departure from the scope of the present embodiments.
The various illustrative logical blocks, or elements, or devices described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented or performed with a general purpose processor, a digital signal processor, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC), a field programmable gate array or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein. A general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. A processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g., a digital signal processor and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a digital signal processor core, or any other similar configuration.
The steps of a method or algorithm described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein may be embodied directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in a combination of the two. A software module may be stored in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. For example, a storage medium may be coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC, which may be located in a user terminal. In the alternative, the processor and the storage medium may reside in different components in a user terminal.
In one or more exemplary designs, the functions described above in connection with the embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination of the three. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media that facilitate transfer of a computer program from one place to another. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer. For example, such computer-readable media can include, but is not limited to, RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store program code in the form of instructions or data structures and which can be read by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Additionally, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium, and, thus, is included if the software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source via a coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, Digital Subscriber Line (DSL), or wirelessly, e.g., infrared, radio, and microwave. Such discs (disk) and disks (disc) include compact disks, laser disks, optical disks, DVDs, floppy disks and blu-ray disks where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while disks usually reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above may also be included in the computer-readable medium.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a general aviation safety monitoring system based on many network fusions which characterized in that includes: an onboard terminal system and a ground terminal system;
the airborne terminal system is arranged in the general aviation aircraft and comprises a flight data acquisition equipment group, a central computer, a picture transmission radio station and a multi-network fusion equipment group; the flight data acquisition equipment group comprises one or more sensor equipment used for acquiring flight data of the general aviation aircraft, and the flight data is used for remotely monitoring the flight condition of the general aviation aircraft; the multi-network fusion equipment group comprises public network signal sending equipment, Beidou signal sending equipment and Schwara sub signal sending equipment;
the ground terminal system is arranged on a ground monitoring station and comprises a picture transmission base station, a multi-network fusion receiver set and a display equipment set; the multi-network fusion receiver set comprises a public network signal receiver, a Beidou signal receiver and a Schwara sub signal receiver; the display equipment set comprises one or more display equipment which receives flight data from the graph transmission base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Shulaa signal receiver and analyzes, displays, models, stores and the like the flight data;
the drawing radio station, the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Shulaa signal sending equipment respectively establish communication with the drawing base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Shulaa signal receiver to transmit flight data;
the central computer receives flight data acquired by each sensor device in the flight data acquisition device group, determines a network transmission link by analyzing one or more of the ground-air environment, the executed task type and the flight data type of the general aviation aircraft, and starts one or more of the image transmission radio station, the public network signal sending device, the Beidou signal sending device and the Shulaza signal sending device to communicate with corresponding devices in the ground terminal system according to the network transmission link so as to transmit the flight data.
2. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central computer determines a network transmission link by analyzing one or more of a ground-air environment where the general aviation aircraft is located, a type of task executed, and a type of flight data, and starts one or more of the map transmission station, the public network signal sending device, the beidou signal sending device, and the schalaya signal sending device to establish communication with a corresponding device in a ground terminal system according to the network transmission link to transmit flight data, including:
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an area which is less than a preset distance away from the ground monitoring station, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a picture transmission station communication link and starts the picture transmission station to transmit flight data to the picture transmission base station;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace which is less than a preset height from the ground and the coverage rate of the public network is greater than a preset threshold value, the central computer determines that a network transmission link is a public network communication link, starts the public network signal sending equipment to send flight data to a public network base station, and then the public network base station forwards the flight data to a public network signal receiver;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace of which the public network coverage rate is smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a Shula sub-satellite communication link, starts the Shula sub-signal sending equipment to send flight data to the Shula sub-satellite, then the Shula sub-satellite forwards the flight data to a communication satellite gateway station arranged on the land, and finally the flight data is forwarded to a Shula sub-signal receiver through the communication satellite gateway station;
when the general aviation aircraft flies in an airspace with the public network coverage rate smaller than or equal to the preset threshold value and meets an emergency, the central computer determines that the network transmission link is a Beidou satellite communication link, starts a Beidou signal to send flight data to a Beidou satellite, forwards the flight data to a Beidou satellite gateway station arranged on the land through the Beidou satellite, and finally forwards the flight data to a Beidou signal receiver through the Beidou satellite gateway station.
3. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion of claim 1, wherein the frequencies, positions and spacing distances of the antennas in the public network signal transmitting device, the Beidou signal transmitting device and the Schwara sub signal transmitting device enable the antennas to have no electromagnetic interference with each other.
4. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network convergence according to claim 1, wherein the onboard terminal system further comprises: an airborne switch;
and the airborne switch is used for establishing a data transmission channel for the central computer and one or more of the chart radio station, the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Schwara sub signal sending equipment according to the network transmission link determined by the central computer, and transmitting flight data by using the transmission channel.
5. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion of claim 1, wherein the flight data collection equipment set comprises one or more of the following sensor devices:
the cockpit audio and video acquisition equipment is used for acquiring sound and image information in a cockpit in real time;
the atmosphere data computer is used for measuring and calculating data related to atmosphere parameters around the flying general aviation aircraft;
the flight data recorder is used for recording flight parameters and flight states of the general aviation aircraft and parameters of the working states of all systems of the general aviation aircraft;
the navigation and positioning equipment is used for acquiring data such as satellite positioning data, flight attitude and the like of the general aviation aircraft;
and the flight control command acquisition equipment is used for acquiring control commands and/or task data received by the general aviation aircraft from the ground station or the pilot.
6. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion of claim 1, wherein the frequencies, positions and spacing distances of the antennas in the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Schwara signal receiver are such that there is no electromagnetic interference between the antennas.
7. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion as claimed in claim 1, wherein the display device group comprises one or more of an image display device, a horizon finder display device and an airway display device.
8. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network convergence according to claim 7, wherein the ground terminal system further comprises: a ground switch;
the ground switch is used for establishing a data transmission channel between one or more of the image transmission base station, the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Schwara sub signal receiver and one or more of the image display equipment, the horizon finder display equipment and the airway display equipment so as to transmit flight data.
9. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network fusion as claimed in claim 4, wherein the set of flight data acquisition devices comprises a flight data recorder, an atmospheric data computer, a flight control command acquisition device, a differential radio station, a Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS), an Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and a camera;
the differential station is connected with the DGPS through an RS232 interface;
the central computer is connected with the IMU through an RS232 interface, is connected with the DGPS through an RS232 interface, is connected with the flight data recorder through an RS232 interface and an RS422 interface, is connected with the atmosphere data computer through an RS422 interface, is connected with the flight control command acquisition equipment through an I/O interface, is connected with the camera through a Local Area Network (LAN) interface, and is connected with the airborne switch through an LAN interface;
the airborne switch is connected with the image radio station through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected with the public network signal sending equipment, the Beidou signal sending equipment and the Shulaya signal sending equipment in the multi-network fusion equipment group through the RS232 interface.
10. The general aviation safety monitoring system based on multi-network convergence according to claim 8, wherein the ground switch is connected with the image transmission base station through a LAN interface, is respectively connected with the public network signal receiver, the Beidou signal receiver and the Schwara signal receiver in the multi-network convergence receiver set through the LAN interface, and is respectively connected with the image display device, the horizon finder display device and the airway display device in the display device set through the LAN interface.
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