CN112881453A - Solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device and working method thereof - Google Patents
Solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device and working method thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device and a working method thereof, belonging to the technical field of ocean temperature difference energy power generation. The invention solves the problem of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation test technology by changing the external water temperature to simulate the change of the seawater temperature along with the depth.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device and a working method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of ocean temperature difference energy power generation.
Background
The ocean temperature difference energy is ocean heat energy stored in the form of temperature difference of surface seawater and deep seawater, and the main energy source of the ocean temperature difference energy is solar radiation energy stored in the ocean. The thermoelectric power generation refers to power generation by using the temperature difference of seawater. The temperature difference between different water layers of the ocean is very large, under the condition of south China sea, the surface water temperature is about 25 ℃, the temperature of the seawater is gradually reduced along with the increase of the depth of the seawater, and the temperature of the seawater is about 10 ℃ in the depth of 500 meters of water.
At present, the temperature difference energy power generation technology mainly has two forms, one is that surface layer seawater is used for heating certain low boiling point working media to gasify the working media so as to drive a steam turbine to generate power, and meanwhile deep layer cold seawater is used for condensing the gas after doing work into liquid again so as to form system circulation; the other is solid-liquid phase change heat storage power generation, energy is stored by utilizing the temperature difference of a meter and deep seawater and the pressure generated by volume reduction of liquid during solidification and volume expansion of solid during melting, the heat energy in seawater is converted into hydraulic energy, and then the hydraulic energy is converted into electric energy through a generator. The solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation device has small volume and simple structure, and can be widely applied to ocean exploration instruments such as buoys, gliders and the like.
The solid-liquid phase change is that the generating efficiency mainly depends on the volume change rate of a phase change working medium (PCM), the efficiency of a hydraulic motor and the efficiency of a generator. The corresponding test device is needed for measuring the generated power.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation testing device and a working method thereof. The invention solves the problem of the ocean temperature difference energy power generation test technology by changing the external water temperature to simulate the change of the seawater temperature along with the depth.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device comprises an energy accumulator, a solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, a water pool, an oil bag, an electromagnetic directional valve, a hydraulic motor, a generator and a collecting card;
the energy accumulator, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, the oil bag and the hydraulic motor are all connected with a valve block, a plurality of oil inlet and outlet ports are arranged on the valve block and comprise an A1 port, an A2 port, a B1 port, a B2 port and a P port, the energy accumulator is connected with the A1 port of the valve block through a ball valve a and a four-way pipe joint a, a flowmeter a is arranged between the four-way pipe joint a and the A1 port of the valve block, the A1 port of the valve block is connected with the P port of the valve block through a one-way valve a, the P port of the valve block is connected with an oil outlet of the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, and a pressure sensor a is connected between the one-way valve a and the A1 port of the;
the oil bag is connected with a port B1 of the valve block through a four-way pipe joint B, a port B1 of the valve block is connected with a port P of the valve block through a one-way valve B, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger is placed in a water pool, the water pool is placed on the ground, water is contained in the water pool, two water inlets and two water outlets are formed in the outer side of the water pool and are respectively connected with a constant-temperature water tank, and constant-temperature water circulation is achieved;
the four-way pipe joint a is further connected with an A2 port of the valve block, an A2 port of the valve block is connected with an oil inlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve, an oil outlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with a B2 port of the valve block, a B2 port of the valve block is connected with an oil inlet of a hydraulic motor through a flowmeter B, an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with a generator through a coupler, a pressure sensor B is connected between the oil outlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve and the B2 port of the valve block, the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor is connected with an oil bag through a ball valve B and a four-way pipe joint B, and a pressure sensor c is connected between the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor and the ball valve B;
the sampling resistor is connected between two end points of the generator, the sampling resistor is connected with a voltage sensor in parallel and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor, the voltage sensor is a sensor with input being voltage signal output as current signal and capable of collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor and converting the voltage values into analog signal transmission collection cards.
The collecting card is connected with the flowmeter a, the flowmeter b, the pressure sensor a, the pressure sensor b, the pressure sensor c and the voltage sensor, the collecting card is connected with the computer, the pressure sensor a, the pressure sensor b and the pressure sensor c are all thread-mounted sensors, and output signals are current signals.
The electromagnetic reversing valve adopted by the invention is an electromagnetic ball valve, is a zero-leakage valve, is a steel ball type reversing valve operated by an electromagnet, is strictly sealed along the flow closing direction, can realize zero leakage, can select M-2SEW6N30B from Huade in specific model, has no oil flow loss, and has higher hydraulic system efficiency.
The constant temperature basin is the basin that can provide 0 ~ 100 ℃ constant temperature water, is a comparatively ripe product, and this place is not being repeated.
Preferably, the generator is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator, the output end of the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator is connected with the alternating current input end of a three-phase rectifier bridge through 3 electric wires, two end points of the direct current output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are indirectly connected into the sampling resistor, and the sampling resistor is connected in parallel with a voltage sensor and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor; the selected generator is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator, the electricity generated by the generator is three-phase electricity, and a three-phase rectifier bridge is required to convert the three-phase electricity into two-phase electricity.
Preferably, the oil inlet and outlet of the valve block further comprises an A3 port and a B3 port, the four-way pipe joint a is connected with the A3 port of the valve block, the A3 port of the valve block is connected with the oil inlet of a safety valve, the oil outlet of the safety valve is connected with the B3 port of the valve block, and the B3 port of the valve block is connected with the oil bag through the four-way pipe joint B;
preferably, the safety valve has a pressure rating of 10 MPa.
The valve block is also called a hydraulic oil circuit block, can integrate dispersed hydraulic oil circuits together, can reduce the oil circuit loss of a hydraulic system, has relatively small volume, and has the advantages that the port A1, the port A2, the port A3, the port B1, the port B2, the port B3 and the port P of the valve block are oil inlet and outlet ports of the valve block, the outermost end of the structure is provided with a threaded hole of 10-15mm, and a through hole is arranged in the valve block.
Preferably, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger comprises a metal shell and a rubber leather bag, hydraulic oil is filled in the rubber leather bag, a phase change material is placed between the rubber leather bag and the metal shell, the metal shell is placed in a water tank, and an oil outlet of the rubber leather bag is connected with a port P of the valve block.
Preferably, the phase change material is a material with a solid-liquid phase change temperature of 10-20 ℃, such as n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane or a mixture of the three materials.
Preferably, the safety valve and the electromagnetic reversing valve are both arranged on the valve block; the check valve a and the check valve b are plug-in type check valves, are placed in the holes of the valve block and are screwed and fixed through the plug; the pressure sensor a and the pressure sensor b are both thread-mounted sensors and are screwed in the pressure port of the valve block.
The safety valve is a plate-type connection safety valve and is arranged on the valve block, the electromagnetic reversing valve is a plate-type connection reversing valve and is arranged on the valve block,
preferably, the sampling resistor is a high-precision low-temperature drift resistor, a sampling current is formed by direct current output by a three-phase rectifier bridge through the sampling resistor, voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor can be measured by a voltage sensor, so that the voltage value of the direct current output by the three-phase rectifier bridge can be known, the direct current power generation power of the generator can be calculated through a power formula, the precision of the sampling resistor is within 1%, the temperature drift is plus or minus 5ppm, a low-resistance resistor is required to be selected for general current sampling, and a high-resistance resistor is required to be selected for voltage sampling, wherein the resistance value of the sampling resistor is 50-200 ohms.
A working method of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device comprises the following steps:
(1) ensuring that the electromagnetic directional valve is in a closed state, and the ball valve a and the ball valve b are in an open state;
(2) putting a phase-change material into a solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, sealing, putting the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger into a water tank, opening a circulation mode of a constant-temperature water tank, adjusting the constant-temperature water tank to be below a phase-change temperature, at the moment, circularly flowing water in the water tank between the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank, when the water temperature in the water tank is reduced to be below the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, starting phase change of the phase-change material in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, converting the phase-change material into a solid state from a liquid state, reducing the volume of the phase-change material to cause the pressure of hydraulic oil in a rubber bladder of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger to be reduced, wherein the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil bladder is greater than that of the rubber bladder of the heat exchanger, at the moment, flowing the hydraulic oil in the oil bladder into the rubber bladder of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger sequentially through a port, the process is a solidification process;
(3) resetting the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank to enable the temperature to be higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, keeping water in the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank to continuously circulate in the whole experiment process, enabling the phase-change material to absorb external heat to melt along with the gradual rise of the water temperature in the water tank, extruding a rubber leather bag in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger along with the volume expansion of the phase-change material in the melting process, extruding hydraulic oil in the rubber leather bag, and enabling the hydraulic oil to enter an energy accumulator through a P port of a valve block, a one-way valve a, an A1 port of the valve block, a flowmeter a;
(4) when the numerical value of the flow meter a is observed to be 0, the phase-change material in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger is completely melted at the moment, the hydraulic oil pressure of the energy accumulator reaches a pressure level, all the hydraulic oil flows into the energy accumulator, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is P at the moment1The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, P0The initial inflation pressure of the energy accumulator is MPa; v is the nominal volume of the accumulator, L; Δ V is the volume of hydraulic oil extruded from the phase change material, wherein Δ V can be calculated by formula (2) or formula (3):
ΔV＝V0*E (2)
wherein, V0The initial volume of the phase-change material, and E the rate of change of the phase-change volume of the phase-change material, which can be checked;
q is the flow rate of the flowmeter a, t0、t1Respectively counting the starting time and the ending time of the numerical value of the flowmeter a;
(5) when the device is powered on, the electromagnetic directional valve is opened, hydraulic oil of the energy accumulator flows into an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor through the electromagnetic directional valve and the flowmeter b to drive the hydraulic motor to rotate, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to rotate through the coupler to generate electric energy;
when the numerical value of the flow meter b is observed to be 0, the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is completely flowed out, and the electromagnetic directional valve is powered off;
the computer acquires the values of the flowmeter a and the pressure sensor a through an acquisition card, acquires the flow and the pressure of hydraulic oil at the outlet of the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger in real time, acquires the values of the flowmeter b, the pressure sensor b and the pressure sensor c respectively to acquire the flow of an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor and the pressure of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic motor in real time, and calculates the torque T and the rotating speed n of the hydraulic motor in real time through the computer:
wherein, Δ p is the pressure difference between the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor; vLThe displacement of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value; sigma is the mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic motor and is a fixed value;
wherein q is the flow of the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor, namely the value of the flowmeter b; sigmaMVThe volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value;
the acquisition card acquires the voltage value of electric energy generated by the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator in real time, namely the voltage value of the voltage sensor, and the generated power P is obtained through calculation:
wherein, U is the voltage value of the voltage sensor, and R is the resistance value of the sampling resistor.
Preferably, the phase change material adopts n-hexadecane.
Preferably, in the step (2), a circulation mode of the constant-temperature water tank is opened, and the constant-temperature water tank is adjusted to 10 ℃;
and (4) resetting the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank in the step (3), wherein the set temperature is 25 ℃.
Preferably, when the pressure of the energy accumulator is lower than the pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve is in a closed state, when the pressure of the energy accumulator is higher than the pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve is automatically opened, at the moment, all hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator flows into the oil bag through the safety valve, and the power generation testing device does not work, namely, the power generation power cannot be normally tested.
The safety valve is arranged for considering the safety of the test, the pressure setting of the safety valve is selected by a user, on the premise that the rated pressure of the safety valve cannot be exceeded, the type of the safety valve can be selected freely, and considering the safety factor, the rated pressure of the safety valve provided by the invention is 10MPa, the set pressure of the safety valve is 10MPa, the safety valve is essentially an overflow valve, and the overflow is started only when the system pressure is greater than or equal to the set pressure of the safety valve, so that the overload protection effect is realized on the system.
The acquisition card of the invention has a plurality of acquisition channels and can acquire a plurality of groups of data simultaneously.
It should be noted that, in order to verify the influence of different oil pressures on the power generation performance, the following method may be adopted in the specific experimental scheme:
the whole system has 3-level energy conversion, the conversion from heat energy (temperature difference energy) to mechanical energy (hydraulic energy) and then to electric energy, and the conversion from the heat energy to the mechanical energy and the conversion from the mechanical energy to the electric energy can be two independent processes.
Therefore, when the influence of different oil pressures on the power generation performance is verified, a manual hydraulic pump is generally adopted to supply oil to the energy accumulator, a pressure step length (for example, 0.5MPa is used as a step length) can be set according to the requirement of a user, the user can change the volume of the oil input into the energy accumulator each time to change the pressure of the oil input into the energy accumulator, and the value of the pressure of the input oil is judged by observing the value of the pressure sensor a.
The invention is not described in detail in the prior art.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the invention can adopt various phase-change materials to carry out experiments, and verify the influence of different materials on the heat storage capacity; the invention can verify the influence of different hydraulic elements on the performance of the hydraulic part system, such as the replacement of a hydraulic motor, and the energy conversion efficiency can be influenced by the different hydraulic motor efficiencies;
the invention can verify the influence of different system pressures on the conversion efficiency from hydraulic energy to electric energy, such as changing the oil hydraulic pressure of the energy accumulator to verify the influence of the pressure on the conversion efficiency of the electric energy;
the invention can verify the influence of different system flows on the power generation efficiency of the generator, and if the electromagnetic directional valve is replaced by a proportional electromagnetic directional valve, the proportional electromagnetic directional valve can control the opening of a valve port by controlling a proportional electromagnet so as to control the flow;
the invention can replace different generators to verify the influence of different generators on the power generation efficiency.
In conclusion, the power generation performance can be verified aiming at different loads, and the problem that the ocean temperature difference energy power generation test is difficult is solved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a three-dimensional perspective view of a solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a system diagram of the solid-liquid phase-change thermal storage type power generation testing device of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the generated voltage sampling of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a top view of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device of the present invention;
in the figure, 1-an accumulator, 2-a ball valve a, 3-a flow meter a, 4-a safety valve, 5-an electromagnetic directional valve, 6-a pressure sensor b, 7-a flow meter b, 8-a generator, 9-a pressure sensor c, 10-a hydraulic motor, 11-a ball valve b, 12-an oil bag, 13-a one-way valve b, 14-a water tank, 15-a solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, 16-a one-way valve a, 17-a pressure sensor a, 18-a three-phase rectifier bridge, 19-a sampling resistor, 20-a voltage sensor, 21-a water drain valve, 22-a constant temperature water tank, 23-an accumulator supporting seat, 24-a valve block, 25-a hydraulic motor supporting seat, 26-a coupler, 27-a generator supporting seat and 28-a fixing plate.
The specific implementation mode is as follows:
in order to make the technical problems, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the following detailed description is given with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific examples, but not limited thereto, and the present invention is not described in detail and is in accordance with the conventional techniques in the art.
Example 1:
a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device is shown in figures 1-4 and comprises an energy accumulator 1, a solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger 15, a water pool 14, an oil bag 12, an electromagnetic directional valve 5, a hydraulic motor 10, a generator 8 and a collecting card, wherein the energy accumulator 1 is installed on an energy accumulator supporting seat 23, the hydraulic motor 10 is installed on a hydraulic motor supporting seat 25, the generator is installed on a generator supporting seat 27, and the hydraulic motor supporting seat 25 and the generator supporting seat 27 are fixed on a fixing plate 28.
The energy accumulator 1, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger 15, the oil bag 12 and the hydraulic motor 10 are all connected with a valve block 24, a plurality of oil inlet and outlet ports are arranged on the valve block 24 and comprise an A1 port, an A2 port, a B1 port, a B2 port and a P port, the energy accumulator 1 is connected with the A1 port of the valve block 24 through a ball valve a2 and a four-way pipe joint a, a flowmeter A3 is arranged between the four-way pipe joint a and the A1 port of the valve block 24, the A1 port of the valve block 24 is connected with the P port of the valve block 24 through a one-way valve a 16, the P port of the valve block 24 is connected with an oil outlet of the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger 15, and a pressure sensor a 17 is connected between the one-way valve a 16 and the A;
the oil bag 12 is connected with a port B1 of the valve block 24 through a four-way pipe joint B, a port B1 of the valve block 24 is connected with a port P of the valve block 24 through a one-way valve B13, the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger 15 is used for being placed in a water tank 14, the water tank 14 is placed on the ground, water is contained in the water tank, a water drain valve 21 is arranged on the water tank, two water inlets and two water outlets are arranged on the outer side of the water tank and are respectively connected with a constant-temperature water tank 22, and constant;
the four-way pipe joint a is further connected with an A2 port of the valve block 24, an A2 port of the valve block 24 is connected with an oil inlet of the electromagnetic directional valve 5, an oil outlet of the electromagnetic directional valve 5 is connected with a B2 port of the valve block 24, a B2 port of the valve block 24 is connected with an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor 10 through a flowmeter B7, an output shaft of the hydraulic motor 10 is connected with a generator 8 through a coupler 26, a pressure sensor B6 is connected between the oil outlet of the electromagnetic directional valve 5 and the B2 port of the valve block 24, the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor 10 is connected with the oil bag 12 through a ball valve B11 and a four-way pipe joint B, and a pressure sensor c9 is connected between the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor 10 and the ball valve;
a sampling resistor 19 is connected between two end points of the generator 8, a voltage sensor 20 is connected in parallel with the sampling resistor 19 and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor 19, the voltage sensor 20 is a sensor with voltage signal input and current signal output, and can collect voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor and convert the voltage values into analog signals to transmit only collection cards.
The acquisition card is connected with the flowmeter a3, the flowmeter b 7, the pressure sensor a 17, the pressure sensor b 6, the pressure sensor c9 and the voltage sensor 20, the acquisition card is connected with the computer, the pressure sensor a 17, the pressure sensor b 6 and the pressure sensor c9 are all thread-mounted sensors, and output signals are current signals.
The electromagnetic directional valve 5 adopted by the invention is a zero-leakage valve, no oil flow loss exists, and the hydraulic system has higher efficiency.
The constant temperature water tank 22 is a relatively mature product, and is not described herein any more, and is a water tank capable of providing constant temperature water of 0-100 ℃.
Example 2:
the structure of the solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation testing device is as shown in embodiment 1, except that as shown in fig. 3, a power generator 8 is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous power generator, the output end of the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous power generator is connected with the alternating current input end of a three-phase rectifier bridge 18 through 3 electric wires, two end points of the direct current output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge 18 are connected with a sampling resistor 20 in an indirect mode, and the sampling resistor 19 is connected with a voltage sensor 20 in parallel and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor 19; the selected generator is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator, the electricity generated by the generator is three-phase electricity, and a three-phase rectifier bridge is required to convert the three-phase electricity into two-phase electricity.
Example 3:
the structure of the solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation testing device is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that an oil inlet and an oil outlet of a valve block 24 further comprise an A3 port and a B3 port, a four-way pipe joint a is connected with an A3 port of the valve block 24, an A3 port of the valve block 24 is connected with an oil inlet of a safety valve 4, an oil outlet of the safety valve 4 is connected with a B3 port of the valve block 24, and a B3 port of the valve block 24 is connected with an oil bag 12 through a four-way pipe joint B;
in this embodiment, the rated pressure of the relief valve 4 is 10 MPa.
Example 4:
the utility model provides a solid-liquid phase becomes heat-retaining formula electricity generation testing arrangement, the structure is shown as embodiment 1, and the difference is that solid-liquid phase becomes heat exchanger 15 and includes a metal casing and rubber leather bag, and the rubber leather bag is filled with hydraulic oil, has placed phase change material between rubber leather bag and the metal casing, and metal casing places in the pond, and the oil-out of rubber leather bag is connected with the P mouth of valve block.
The phase-change material is a material with a solid-liquid phase-change temperature of 10-20 ℃, such as n-pentadecane, n-hexadecane, n-heptadecane or a mixture of the three materials.
Example 5:
the structure of the solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation testing device is as shown in embodiment 1, except that a safety valve 4 and an electromagnetic directional valve 5 are both arranged on a valve block; the check valve a 16 and the check valve b 13 are plug-in type check valves, are placed in the holes of the valve block and are screwed and fixed through the plug; the pressure sensor a 17 and the pressure sensor b 6 are both screw-mounted sensors, and are screwed into the pressure ports of the valve block.
Example 6:
the structure of the solid-liquid phase-change heat storage type power generation testing device is as shown in embodiment 1, and is different in that a sampling resistor 19 is a high-precision low-temperature drift resistor, direct current output by a three-phase rectifier bridge 18 can form sampling current through the sampling resistor 19, voltages at two ends of the sampling resistor can be measured by a voltage sensor 20, so that the voltage value of the direct current output by the three-phase rectifier bridge can be obtained, the direct current power generation power of a generator can be calculated through a power formula, the precision of the sampling resistor is within 1%, the temperature drift is plus or minus 5ppm, a resistor with a low resistance value is required to be selected for general current sampling, a resistor with a high resistance value is required to be selected for voltage sampling, and the resistance value of the sampling resistor is 50-200 ohms.
Example 7:
a working method of a solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device comprises the following steps:
(1) ensuring that the electromagnetic directional valve 5 is in a closed state, and the ball valve a2 and the ball valve b 11 are in an open state;
(2) putting a phase-change material into a solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, wherein the phase-change material is n-hexadecane and is sealed, putting the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger into a water tank, opening a constant-temperature water tank circulation mode, adjusting the constant-temperature water tank to 10 ℃ (at the moment, the water temperature in the water tank is normal temperature, and the experiment can be started when the water temperature is reduced to 10 ℃), wherein the water in the water tank circulates and flows between the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank, when the water temperature in the water tank is reduced to be below the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, the n-hexadecane in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger begins to change phase, the state of the n-hexadecane at room temperature is liquid, the n-hexadecane is slowly changed into solid from liquid state along with the reduction of the temperature, the process is a slow process because the thermal conductivity of the n-hexadecane is very low and only has 0.2-0.3W/(, the volume of the n-hexadecane is reduced, so that the pressure of hydraulic oil in a rubber bag of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger is reduced, the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil bag is greater than that of the hydraulic oil in the rubber bag of the phase-change heat exchanger, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the oil bag flows out and flows into the rubber bag of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger through a port B1 of the valve block, a one-way valve B and a port P of the valve block in sequence until the n-hexadecane is completely solidified, the hydraulic oil in the oil bag does not flow into the rubber bag of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger any more, and;
(3) resetting the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank, setting the temperature to be 25 ℃, keeping the water in the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank continuously circulating in the whole experiment process, along with the gradual rise of the water temperature in the water tank, absorbing external heat by n-hexadecane and beginning to melt, extruding a rubber leather bag in the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger along with the volume expansion of the n-hexadecane in the melting process, extruding hydraulic oil in the rubber leather bag, and entering an energy accumulator through a P port of a valve block, a one-way valve a, an A1 port of the valve block, a flowmeter a and a ball valve a;
(4) when the numerical value of the flow meter a is observed to be 0, the phase-change material in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger is completely melted at the moment, the hydraulic oil pressure of the energy accumulator reaches a pressure level, all the hydraulic oil flows into the energy accumulator, and the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is P at the moment1The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, P0The initial inflation pressure of the energy accumulator is MPa; v is the nominal volume of the accumulator, L; Δ V is the volume of hydraulic oil extruded from the phase change material, wherein Δ V can be calculated by formula (2) or formula (3):
ΔV＝V0*E (2)
wherein, V0The initial volume of the phase-change material, and E the rate of change of the phase-change volume of the phase-change material, which can be checked;
q is the flow rate of the flowmeter a, t0、t1Respectively counting the starting time and the ending time of the numerical value of the flowmeter a;
e.g. initial charge pressure P of the accumulator0The pressure of the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is P, the pressure is 5MPa, the nominal volume V of the energy accumulator is 1L, the volume delta V of the hydraulic oil extruded by the n-hexadecane is 400mL1Is 8.3 MPa.
(5) When the device is powered on, the electromagnetic directional valve 5 is opened, hydraulic oil of the energy accumulator 1 flows into an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor 10 through the electromagnetic directional valve 5 and the flowmeter b 7 to drive the hydraulic motor 10 to rotate, and the hydraulic motor 10 drives the generator 8 to rotate through the coupler 26 to generate electric energy;
when the numerical value of the flow meter b 7 is observed to be 0, the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator 1 is completely flowed out, and the electromagnetic directional valve 5 is powered off;
the computer acquires the values of the flowmeter a3 and the pressure sensor a 17 through an acquisition card, acquires the flow and the pressure of hydraulic oil at the outlet of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger 15 in real time, acquires the values of the flowmeter b 7, the pressure sensor b 6 and the pressure sensor c9, respectively acquires the flow of an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor 10 and the pressure of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic motor 10 in real time, and can calculate the torque T and the rotating speed n of the hydraulic motor 10 in real time through computer programming:
wherein, Δ p is the pressure difference between the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor; vLThe displacement of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value; sigma is the mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic motor and is a fixed value;
wherein q is the flow of the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor, namely the flowCalculating the value of b; sigmaMVThe volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value;
the acquisition card acquires the voltage value of electric energy generated by the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator in real time, namely the voltage value of the voltage sensor 20, and the generated power P is obtained through calculation:
wherein, U is the voltage value of the voltage sensor, and R is the resistance value of the sampling resistor;
in this embodiment, the acquisition card is a portable data acquisition card USB4716 of Guangzhou Shanhua science and technology group, Inc.
Example 8:
the working method of the solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device is as shown in embodiment 7, and is different in that when the pressure of an energy accumulator 1 is lower than the pressure of a safety valve 4, the safety valve 4 is in a closed state, when the pressure of the energy accumulator 1 is higher than the pressure of the safety valve 4, the safety valve 4 is automatically opened, at the moment, all hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator 1 flows into an oil bag through the safety valve 4, and a 12 power generation testing device does not work, namely, the power generation power cannot be normally tested.
The safety valve is arranged for considering the safety of the test, the pressure setting of the safety valve is selected by a user, on the premise that the rated pressure of the safety valve cannot be exceeded, the type of the safety valve can be selected freely, and considering the safety factor, the rated pressure of the safety valve provided by the invention is 10MPa, the set pressure of the safety valve is 10MPa, the safety valve is essentially an overflow valve, and the overflow is started only when the system pressure is greater than or equal to the set pressure of the safety valve, so that the overload protection effect is realized on the system.
While the foregoing is directed to the preferred embodiment of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. A solid-liquid phase change heat storage type power generation testing device is characterized by comprising an energy accumulator, a solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, a water pool, an oil bag, an electromagnetic directional valve, a hydraulic motor, a power generator and a collecting card;
the energy accumulator, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, the oil bag and the hydraulic motor are all connected with a valve block, a plurality of oil inlet and outlet ports are arranged on the valve block and comprise an A1 port, an A2 port, a B1 port, a B2 port and a P port, the energy accumulator is connected with the A1 port of the valve block through a ball valve a and a four-way pipe joint a, a flowmeter a is arranged between the four-way pipe joint a and the A1 port of the valve block, the A1 port of the valve block is connected with the P port of the valve block through a one-way valve a, the P port of the valve block is connected with an oil outlet of the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger, and a pressure sensor a is connected between the one-way valve a and the A1 port of the;
the oil bag is connected with a port B1 of the valve block through a four-way pipe joint B, a port B1 of the valve block is connected with a port P of the valve block through a one-way valve B, the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger is placed in a water pool, the water pool is placed on the ground, water is contained in the water pool, and two water inlets and two water outlets are arranged on the outer side of the water pool and are respectively connected with the constant-temperature water tank;
the four-way pipe joint a is further connected with an A2 port of the valve block, an A2 port of the valve block is connected with an oil inlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve, an oil outlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve is connected with a B2 port of the valve block, a B2 port of the valve block is connected with an oil inlet of a hydraulic motor through a flowmeter B, an output shaft of the hydraulic motor is connected with a generator through a coupler, a pressure sensor B is connected between the oil outlet of the electromagnetic reversing valve and the B2 port of the valve block, the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor is connected with an oil bag through a ball valve B and a four-way pipe joint B, and a pressure sensor c is connected between the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor and the ball valve B;
a sampling resistor is connected between two end points of the generator, and the sampling resistor is connected with a voltage sensor in parallel and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor;
the collecting card is connected with the flowmeter a, the flowmeter b, the pressure sensor a, the pressure sensor b, the pressure sensor c and the voltage sensor, and the collecting card is connected with the computer.
2. The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device according to claim 1, wherein the power generator is a three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous power generator, an output end of the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous power generator is connected with an alternating current input end of a three-phase rectifier bridge through 3 wires, two end points of a direct current output end of the three-phase rectifier bridge are connected into the sampling resistor, and the sampling resistor is connected with a voltage sensor in parallel and used for collecting voltage values at two ends of the sampling resistor.
3. The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device as claimed in claim 2, wherein the oil inlet and outlet of the valve block further comprises an A3 port and a B3 port, the four-way pipe joint a is connected with the A3 port of the valve block, the A3 port of the valve block is connected with the oil inlet of a safety valve, the oil outlet of the safety valve is connected with the B3 port of the valve block, and the B3 port of the valve block is connected with the oil bag through the four-way pipe joint B;
preferably, the safety valve has a pressure rating of 10 MPa.
4. The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device according to claim 3, wherein the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger comprises a metal shell and a rubber leather bag, hydraulic oil is filled in the rubber leather bag, a phase change material is placed between the rubber leather bag and the metal shell, the metal shell is placed in a water tank, and an oil outlet of the rubber leather bag is connected with a port P of the valve block;
preferably, the phase change material is a material with a solid-liquid phase change temperature of 10-20 ℃.
5. The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device according to claim 4, wherein the safety valve and the electromagnetic directional valve are both mounted on a valve block; the check valve a and the check valve b are plug-in type check valves, are placed in the holes of the valve block and are screwed and fixed through the plug; the pressure sensor a and the pressure sensor b are both thread-mounted sensors and are screwed in the pressure port of the valve block.
6. The solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device according to claim 2, wherein the precision of the sampling resistor is within 1%, the temperature drift is plus or minus 5ppm, and the resistance value of the sampling resistor is 50-200 ohms.
7. The working method of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device as claimed in claim 3, characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) ensuring that the electromagnetic directional valve is in a closed state, and the ball valve a and the ball valve b are in an open state;
(2) putting a phase-change material into a solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, sealing, putting the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger into a water tank, opening a circulation mode of a constant-temperature water tank, adjusting the constant-temperature water tank to be below a phase-change temperature, at the moment, circularly flowing water in the water tank between the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank, when the water temperature in the water tank is reduced to be below the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, starting phase change of the phase-change material in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, converting the phase-change material into a solid state from a liquid state, reducing the volume of the phase-change material to reduce the pressure of hydraulic oil in a rubber bladder of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger, wherein the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the oil bladder is greater than that of the rubber bladder of the heat exchanger, at the moment, the hydraulic oil in the oil bladder flows into the rubber bladder of the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger sequentially through a port B35, the process is a solidification process;
(3) resetting the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank to enable the temperature to be higher than the phase-change temperature of the phase-change material, keeping water in the water tank and the constant-temperature water tank to continuously circulate in the whole experiment process, enabling the phase-change material to absorb external heat to melt along with the gradual rise of the water temperature in the water tank, extruding a rubber leather bag in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger along with the volume expansion of the phase-change material in the melting process, extruding hydraulic oil in the rubber leather bag, and enabling the hydraulic oil to enter an energy accumulator through a P port of a valve block, a one-way valve a, an A1 port of the valve block, a flowmeter a;
(4) observing that when the value of the flowmeter a is 0, the phase in the solid-liquid phase-change heat exchanger is inThe variable material is completely melted, the hydraulic oil pressure of the energy accumulator reaches a pressure level, and the hydraulic oil completely flows into the energy accumulator, wherein the pressure of the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is P1The calculation formula is as follows:
wherein, P0The initial inflation pressure of the energy accumulator is MPa; v is the nominal volume of the accumulator, L; Δ V is the volume of hydraulic oil extruded from the phase change material, wherein Δ V can be calculated by formula (2) or formula (3):
ΔV＝V0*E (2)
wherein, V0The initial volume of the phase-change material, and E the phase-change volume change rate of the phase-change material;
q is the flow rate of the flowmeter a, t0、t1Respectively counting the starting time and the ending time of the numerical value of the flowmeter a;
(5) when the device is powered on, the electromagnetic directional valve is opened, hydraulic oil of the energy accumulator flows into an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor through the electromagnetic directional valve and the flowmeter b to drive the hydraulic motor to rotate, and the hydraulic motor drives the generator to rotate through the coupler to generate electric energy;
when the numerical value of the flow meter b is observed to be 0, the hydraulic oil in the energy accumulator is completely flowed out, and the electromagnetic directional valve is powered off;
the computer acquires the values of the flowmeter a and the pressure sensor a through an acquisition card, acquires the flow and the pressure of hydraulic oil at the outlet of the solid-liquid phase change heat exchanger in real time, acquires the values of the flowmeter b, the pressure sensor b and the pressure sensor c respectively to acquire the flow of an oil inlet of the hydraulic motor and the pressure of an oil inlet and an oil outlet of the hydraulic motor in real time, and calculates the torque T and the rotating speed n of the hydraulic motor in real time through the computer:
wherein, Δ p is the pressure difference between the oil inlet and the oil outlet of the hydraulic motor; vLThe displacement of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value; sigma is the mechanical efficiency of the hydraulic motor and is a fixed value;
wherein q is the flow of the oil inlet of the hydraulic motor, namely the value of the flowmeter b; sigmaMVThe volumetric efficiency of the hydraulic motor is a fixed value;
the acquisition card acquires the voltage value of electric energy generated by the three-phase permanent magnet alternating current synchronous generator in real time, namely the voltage value of the voltage sensor, and the generated power P is obtained through calculation:
wherein, U is the voltage value of the voltage sensor, and R is the resistance value of the sampling resistor.
8. The working method of the solid-liquid phase-change thermal storage type power generation testing device as claimed in claim 7, wherein n-hexadecane is used as the phase-change material.
9. The working method of the solid-liquid phase change thermal storage type power generation testing device as claimed in claim 8, wherein in the step (2), a constant temperature water tank circulation mode is opened, and the constant temperature water tank is adjusted to 10 ℃;
and (4) resetting the temperature of the constant-temperature water tank in the step (3), wherein the set temperature is 25 ℃.
10. The operation method of the solid-liquid phase-change thermal storage type power generation testing device as claimed in claim 7, wherein when the pressure of the accumulator is lower than the pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve is in a closed state, when the pressure of the accumulator is higher than the pressure of the safety valve, the safety valve is automatically opened, at the moment, all hydraulic oil in the accumulator flows into the oil bag through the safety valve, and the power generation testing device does not work.
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