CN116181619A - Bidirectional energy storage power generation system and power generation method based on compressed air unit - Google Patents

Bidirectional energy storage power generation system and power generation method based on compressed air unit Download PDF

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CN116181619A
CN116181619A CN202310127709.7A CN202310127709A CN116181619A CN 116181619 A CN116181619 A CN 116181619A CN 202310127709 A CN202310127709 A CN 202310127709A CN 116181619 A CN116181619 A CN 116181619A
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power generation
pressure
liquid storage
assembly
air
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Inventor
和孙文
张社荣
王超
王枭华
严磊
霍文龙
杜敏
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Tianjin University
Power Construction Corp of China
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Tianjin University
Power Construction Corp of China
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B41/00—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04B41/02—Pumping installations or systems specially adapted for elastic fluids having reservoirs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
    • F04B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, of pumps or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids, not otherwise provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04B25/00 - F04B37/00
    • F04B39/06—Cooling; Heating; Prevention of freezing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F1/00—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped
    • F04F1/06—Pumps using positively or negatively pressurised fluid medium acting directly on the liquid to be pumped the fluid medium acting on the surface of the liquid to be pumped
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
    • F28D20/0034—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using liquid heat storage material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Other Liquid Machine Or Engine Such As Wave Power Use (AREA)

Abstract

The bidirectional energy storage power generation system and the power generation method based on the compressed air unit are connected with the heat storage piece through heat exchange, so that compressed air in the heat storage piece pressurizes working medium liquid in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, stable operation of the bidirectional energy storage power generation system in a power generation process can be ensured, and the bidirectional energy storage power generation system has the advantages of low requirements on engineering geological conditions, high energy storage power generation efficiency and the like; in addition, a first water turbine set and a second water turbine set which are arranged in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are forward and reverse water turbine sets, and through the communication of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the forward and reverse water turbine sets, the compressed air in the gas storage piece is utilized to pressurize working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank so as to realize bidirectional power generation; in the power generation process, the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank and the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank are increased, so that the forward and reverse water turbine unit is always in an optimal efficiency interval.

Description

Bidirectional energy storage power generation system and power generation method based on compressed air unit
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of energy storage and power generation, in particular to a bidirectional energy storage and power generation system and method based on a compressed air unit.
Background
Energy is the material basis upon which humans survive and develop. In recent years, with the rapid increase of the consumption of fossil energy, problems such as conventional energy shortage and greenhouse gas emission are increasingly serious. Therefore, the power generation is performed by a new energy method such as heat energy, solar energy and wind energy, but the power generation mode is single, the efficiency is low, and the like. In recent years, in order to cope with the challenging problems caused by the greenhouse gas emission caused by fossil fuel consumption and the influence of new energy sources by environmental factors, new energy storage power generation technologies such as compressed air energy storage power generation, electromagnetic energy storage power generation and the like have been developed vigorously. At present, certain limitations exist for relatively mature compressed air energy storage technologies, such as unstable pressure, low utilization rate, application scenes, popularization and application values and other factors directly influence the high efficiency and economy of a power generation system when compressed air energy storage releases air. Therefore, development of a novel pumped storage power generation system based on the compressed air technology is needed, stored energy is utilized to the maximum extent, stability and high efficiency of the system are guaranteed, and popularization and application are easy.
The prior art CN114777233A discloses a water pumping cold-storage heat-storage power station which comprises a hydroelectric generating set, an upper reservoir, a lower reservoir and a heat pump set. When the water is pumped and stored at night, the hydroelectric generating set pumps the water in the lower reservoir to the upper reservoir. And when electricity consumption is high in daytime, water in the upper reservoir is released to the lower reservoir to drive the hydroelectric generating set to generate electricity, and the effect of peak elimination and valley filling is achieved in the operation of a power grid. Although the invention well exploits the potential of water body to store heat energy, the invention is only suitable for being built in mountain areas, has strict limitation on geographical topography conditions, has feasibility only when the upper and lower libraries have enough high drop, and has complex system, large investment and limited application and popularization value. In addition, CN102619668A discloses a constant-pressure water-gas co-tank electric energy storage system, which comprises a water-gas co-tank, a gas compressor unit, a water pump unit, a water storage tank and a water turbine. The surplus electric energy gas compressor of the power grid is utilized to work with the water pump unit, the water pump unit pumps water from the water storage pool through a pipeline, the outlet of the gas compressor unit is communicated with the water-gas co-volume cabin through a valve and a pipeline, the outlet of the water-gas co-volume cabin is communicated with the water turbine through a pipeline and a valve, and the water turbine drags the generator to generate electricity to output electric energy. Although the utilization rate of the existing energy sources can be improved, a new thought can be provided for the research of the compressed air energy storage circulating system, and some disadvantages still exist: the steam boiler needs to consume non-renewable resources to generate steam, and the emission of greenhouse gases can be increased sharply, which is unfavorable for energy conservation and emission reduction. In addition, the system is complex in structure and cannot guarantee the high efficiency and stability of the energy storage power generation system.
Disclosure of Invention
The present application aims to solve, at least to some extent, one of the technical problems in the related art.
Therefore, the purpose of the application is to provide a bidirectional energy storage power generation system and a power generation method based on a compressed air unit, which are connected with a heat storage part and a gas storage part in a heat exchange way to realize the pressurization of compressed air in the gas storage part to working medium liquid in a first power generation assembly and a second power generation assembly, so that the stable operation of the bidirectional energy storage power generation system in the power generation process can be ensured, and the liquid storage part can be arranged at any height position, thereby having the advantages of low requirements on engineering geological conditions, high energy storage power generation efficiency and the like; in addition, a first water turbine set and a second water turbine set which are arranged in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are forward and reverse water turbine sets, and through the communication of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the forward and reverse water turbine sets, the compressed air in the gas storage piece is utilized to pressurize working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank so as to realize bidirectional power generation; meanwhile, in the power generation process, along with the reduction of the liquid level of the working fluid in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, the positive and negative hydraulic turbine sets are always in an optimal efficiency interval by increasing the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, and after unidirectional power generation is completed, the heat energy collected by the heat storage piece in the energy storage process is fully utilized for increasing the heat and supplementing the pressure of the air storage piece in the power generation link.
To achieve the above object, a bi-directional energy storage power generation system based on a compressed air unit according to the present application comprises
A compressed air unit comprising an air compression assembly and at least one air reservoir; the air storage piece is connected with the air compression assembly and is used for storing compressed air generated by the air compression assembly;
the liquid storage and heat storage unit comprises a liquid storage part and a heat storage part which are communicated with each other, wherein working medium liquid is contained in the liquid storage and heat storage part; the heat storage piece is respectively connected with the air compression assembly and the air storage piece in a heat exchange mode, and stores compression heat generated by the air compression assembly and provides heat for the air storage piece; and
the bidirectional energy storage power generation unit comprises a first power generation assembly and a second power generation assembly; the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are respectively communicated with the liquid storage part and the gas storage part, working medium liquid in the first power generation assembly and working medium liquid in the second power generation assembly are mutually circulated, and the input compressed air drives the stored working medium liquid to flow towards each other to realize bidirectional power generation and work.
In some embodiments, the heat storage device further comprises a back pressure passage comprising a first back pressure passage communicating the first power generation assembly with the heat storage member and a second back pressure passage communicating the second power generation assembly with the heat storage member; the first back pressure passage and the second back pressure passage are used for respectively recovering the compressed air in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, exchanging heat with the heat storage piece and then introducing the compressed air into the air storage piece.
In some embodiments, the first power generation assembly includes a first high pressure reservoir assembly and a second water turbine assembly; the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is connected with the liquid storage piece, the air inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the liquid storage piece through a first air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second water turbine unit; and a liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit is connected with the second power generation assembly.
In some embodiments, the first power generation assembly further comprises a first water-gas separator, a first pressure regulator, and a first pressure relief valve disposed on the first gas line in sequence in a gas delivery direction.
In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is disposed on the first pressure relief valve.
In some embodiments, the first gas transmission pipeline, the liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit, the second power generation assembly, the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly and the liquid storage part are respectively provided with a sixth regulating valve, a fifth regulating valve and a second regulating valve.
In some embodiments, a first pressure regulating well is disposed between the second regulator valve and the first high pressure reservoir assembly.
In some embodiments, the second power generation assembly includes a second high pressure reservoir assembly and a first water turbine set; the liquid inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is connected with the liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit, the air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the air storage piece through a second air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is respectively communicated with the liquid inlet of the first water turbine unit and the liquid storage piece; the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit is connected with the liquid inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component.
In some embodiments, the second power generation assembly further comprises a second water-gas separator, a second pressure regulator, and a second pressure relief valve disposed on the second gas line in sequence in a gas delivery direction.
In some embodiments, a pressure sensor is disposed on the second pressure relief valve.
In some embodiments, a first regulating valve, a fourth regulating valve and a third regulating valve are respectively arranged on the second gas transmission pipeline, between the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit and the first high-pressure liquid storage component, and between the second high-pressure liquid storage component and the liquid storage component.
In some embodiments, a second pressure regulating well is disposed between the third regulator valve and the second high pressure reservoir assembly.
According to another object of the present application, a bi-directional energy storage power generation method based on a compressed air unit is provided, which uses the power generation system described in any of the above embodiments to generate power.
In some embodiments, the following process is included:
energy storage stage: the air compression assembly compresses input air, exchanges heat between the generated compressed air and working medium liquid in the heat storage piece, and stores the compressed air in the air storage piece;
and (3) a working power generation stage: the method comprises a first power generation assembly power generation process and a second power generation assembly power generation process;
the power generation process of the first power generation assembly comprises the following steps: the first high-pressure liquid storage component is filled with working medium liquid in the initial stage, and the second high-pressure liquid storage component is empty; opening a second gas transmission pipeline to pre-pressurize the second high-pressure liquid storage component until the second high-pressure liquid storage component and the first high-pressure liquid storage component are in pressure balance, and closing the second gas transmission pipeline;
closing a second regulating valve and a third regulating valve, and opening a first gas transmission pipeline, a second back pressure passage and a fifth regulating valve, wherein working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage component enters a second water turbine unit to do work under set pressure and then flows into the second high-pressure liquid storage component, so that the operation of the second water turbine unit is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in a second high-pressure liquid storage component is introduced into the gas storage piece after heat exchange and temperature increase are carried out between the compressed air and the heat storage piece through the second back pressure passage; closing the fifth regulating valve after all working medium liquid enters the second high-pressure liquid storage component, and balancing the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage component;
And the power generation process of the second power generation assembly comprises the following steps: closing a second regulating valve and a third regulating valve, opening a second gas transmission pipeline, a first back pressure passage and a fourth regulating valve, and enabling working medium liquid in the second high-pressure liquid storage assembly to enter the first water turbine unit to do work under set pressure and then flow into the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly, so that the operation of the first water turbine unit is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in a first high-pressure liquid storage component passes through the first back pressure passage and is introduced into the gas storage piece after heat exchange and temperature increase with the heat storage piece; and balancing the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage component after all working medium liquid enters the first high-pressure liquid storage component.
In some embodiments, when the first water turbine set and the second water turbine set are kept in the optimal working condition, the working water head of the first water turbine set and the second water turbine set can be expressed as follows:
H＝H z +H p
the operation characteristic curve formula is
η＝f(P，H)
P＝η t γQH＝9.81η t QH
Figure BDA0004082643990000041
Figure BDA0004082643990000042
Wherein: η is the efficiency of the turbine; p is the output, kW; η (eta) t Is model efficiency; gamma is the volume weight, kN/m 3 9.81 gravitational acceleration, m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is a water head, m; q is flow, m 3 /s；n 11 Represents the rotational speed of a geometrically similar water turbine when the diameter of a runner is 1m and the effective water head is 1m,m/s；Q 11 represents the effective flow when the diameter of the turbine runner is 1m and the effective water head is 1m, and m is similar to that of the turbine runner 3 S; n is the rotating speed, m/s; d (D) 1 Is the nominal diameter of the rotor, m.
In some embodiments, the working power generation stage further includes closing the second back pressure passage and the first gas transmission pipeline after the working fluid completely enters the second high-pressure liquid storage assembly in the power generation process of the first power generation assembly, opening the first back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly into the gas storage member after exchanging heat with the heat storage member through the first back pressure passage until the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank.
In some embodiments, the working power generation stage further includes closing the first back pressure passage and the second gas transmission pipeline after all working fluid enters the first high pressure reservoir assembly in the power generation process of the second power generation assembly, opening the second back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the second high pressure reservoir assembly into the gas storage member after exchanging heat with the heat storage member through the second back pressure passage until the air pressure in the second high pressure reservoir assembly is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the first high pressure reservoir.
Additional aspects and advantages of the application will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the application.
Drawings
The foregoing and/or additional aspects and advantages of the present application will become apparent and readily appreciated from the following description of the embodiments, taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which:
FIG. 1 is a block diagram of a bi-directional energy storage power generation system based on a compressed air unit in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a bi-directional energy storage power generation system based on a compressed air unit according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of the structure of a first high pressure reservoir assembly and a second high pressure reservoir assembly according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 4 is a graph of the operating ranges of a first water turbine set and a second water turbine set in accordance with an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the output of the first and second turbine units and the water head according to one embodiment of the present application;
in the figure, 1, a liquid storage part; 2. a first high pressure reservoir assembly; 3. a second high pressure reservoir assembly; 4. a heat storage member; 50. a gas storage member; 5. a first air storage tank; 6. a second air storage tank; 7. a third air storage tank; 8. an air compression assembly; 9. a first heat exchanger; 10. a second heat exchanger; 11. a first voltage regulator; 12. a second voltage regulator; 13. a first turbine unit; 14. a second turbine unit; 15. a first water-gas separator; 16. a first pressure regulating well; 17. a second pressure regulating well; 18. a first pressure relief valve; 19. a second pressure relief valve; 20. a first regulating valve; 21. a second regulating valve; 22. a third regulating valve; 23. a fourth regulating valve; 24. a fifth regulating valve; 25. a sixth regulating valve; 26. a seventh regulating valve; 27. an eighth regulating valve; 28. a second water-gas separator; 29. and a ninth regulating valve.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present application are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are exemplary only for the purpose of explaining the present application and are not to be construed as limiting the present application. On the contrary, the embodiments of the present application include all alternatives, modifications, and equivalents as may be included within the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Referring to fig. 1, in order to achieve the above objective, a bidirectional energy storage power generation system based on a compressed air unit is provided, and as shown in fig. 1, the bidirectional energy storage power generation system includes a compressed air unit, a liquid storage and heat storage unit and a bidirectional energy storage power generation unit; the compressed air unit comprises an air compression assembly 8 and at least one air storage piece 50, wherein the air storage piece 50 is connected with the air compression assembly 8 and is used for storing compressed air generated by the air compression assembly 8; in other words, the compressed air unit includes the air compressing assembly 8 and one air container 50 or two or more air containers 50; the air compression assembly 8 in this embodiment is used for compressing air and generating compressed air, and the compressed air is introduced into the air storage member 50 for storage.
The compressed air unit shown in fig. 2 includes an air compressing assembly 8 and three air storages 50, wherein the air compressing assembly 8 can be understood as a multi-stage serial air compressor, the air inlet of the air compressor is filled with air, and compressed air is generated after the air is compressed by the air compressor; the gas outlets of the air compressor are respectively connected with three gas storage pieces 50; it can be known that the gas storage member 50 may be a gas storage tank, and the gas storage tank is provided with a gas inlet and a gas outlet; in this embodiment, the three air storage pieces 50 are a first air storage tank 5, a second air storage tank 6 and a third air storage tank 7 respectively, the inlets of the three air storage tanks are all connected with the gas outlet of the air compressor for storing compressed air, and the outlets of the three air storage tanks are all connected with the bidirectional energy storage power generation unit for pressurizing and doing work to the bidirectional energy storage power generation unit.
The liquid storage and heat storage unit comprises a liquid storage part 1 and a heat storage part 4 which are communicated with each other, wherein working medium liquid, which is exemplified by water, is contained in each of the liquid storage and heat storage parts; the heat storage piece 4 is respectively connected with the air compression assembly 8 and the air storage piece 50 in a heat exchange way, and stores compression heat generated by the air compression assembly 8 and provides heat for the air storage piece 50; in other words, the liquid storage and heat storage unit comprises a liquid storage part 1 and a heat storage part 4, wherein the liquid storage part 1 and the heat storage part 4 both contain a certain volume of working medium liquid, and the working medium liquid between the liquid storage part 1 and the heat storage part 4 can flow mutually. As shown in fig. 2, the liquid storage element 1 may be understood as a liquid storage tank, the volume of which is far greater than that of the heat storage element 4, the liquid storage element 1 may be disposed above the heat storage element 4, during most working conditions of the bidirectional energy storage power generation system, working medium liquid in the liquid storage element 1 flows into the heat storage element 4 in a single direction, and in rare cases, working medium liquid in the heat storage element 4 is required to flow into the heat storage element 4, so that the working medium liquid in the liquid storage element 1 may be disposed above the heat storage element 4 through the liquid storage element 1, and a seventh regulating valve 26 is disposed on a pipeline connecting the liquid storage element 1 and the heat storage element 4, so that the working medium liquid in the liquid storage element 1 flows into the heat storage element 4 through self gravity; as for the working fluid in the heat storage member 4, the working fluid flowing into the heat storage member 4 can be realized through the liquid pump, and the description is omitted.
In the present embodiment, the heat storage member 4 is connected with the air compression assembly 8 and the air storage member 50 by heat exchange, and stores the compression heat generated by the air compression assembly 8 and provides heat to the air storage member 50; as can be appreciated, in the compressed air energy storage system in the related art, up to 85% of electric energy is converted into heat energy in the process of compressing air, the conversion efficiency of air potential energy is extremely low, wherein the heat carried by high-temperature and high-pressure oil gas in the heat energy is approximately equal to 85% of the power consumption of the air compressor, which is recoverable heat, and the air compression assembly 8 generates a large amount of heat in the process of compressing air, and the heat of the compressed air can be collected by arranging a heat exchanger and stored in the heat storage element 4. As shown in fig. 2 for example, a first heat exchanger 9 is arranged between the air compression assembly 8 and the heat storage element 4, wherein the first heat exchanger 9 comprises a hot side and a cold side; compressed air is introduced into the hot side of the first heat exchanger 9, working medium liquid in the heat storage part 4 is introduced into the cold side of the first heat exchanger, after the working medium liquid absorbs heat of the compressed air, the cooled compressed air enters the air storage part 50, and the working medium liquid after heat absorption flows back to the heat storage part 4. In this embodiment, the heat storage member 4 is arranged to store heat generated in the air compression process, so as to realize heat recovery and utilization due to the high specific heat capacity of water.
Similarly, a second heat exchanger 10 is arranged between the heat storage element 4 and the gas storage element 50, wherein the second heat exchanger 10 comprises a hot side and a cold side; the working fluid in the heat storage element 4 is introduced into the hot side of the second heat exchanger 10, the compressed air is introduced into the cold side thereof, and the heated compressed air is introduced into the air storage element 50 to increase the pressure therein. When the compressed air in the air storage piece 50 is released, the air pressure in the air storage piece 50 can be reduced, the heat storage piece 4 is utilized to supplement heat for the air storage piece 50, the air pressure is further enhanced, and the high efficiency and the stability of the bidirectional energy storage power generation system under working and power generation working conditions are ensured.
The bidirectional energy storage power generation unit comprises a first power generation assembly and a second power generation assembly; the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are respectively communicated with the liquid storage part 1 and the gas storage part 50, and compressed air input into the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly drives working medium liquid which are circulated mutually to generate power and do work. In other words, the first power generation component is respectively communicated with the liquid storage component 1 and the liquid storage component 50, which can be understood as that the first power generation component is communicated with the liquid storage component 1, that is, the working fluid in the liquid storage component 1 is communicated with the working fluid in the first power generation component; the first power generation assembly is communicated with the gas storage piece 50, namely compressed air in the gas storage piece 50 is communicated with compressed air in the first power generation assembly; the second power generation assembly is in communication with the liquid storage member 1 and the liquid storage member 50, respectively, and the same understanding as above will not be repeated.
As for the working fluid in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly in this embodiment, the compressed air is input into the first power generation assembly or the second power generation assembly through the air storage member 50, so as to pressurize the working fluid therein, and the working fluid in the first power generation assembly or the second power generation assembly flows into the other, so as to perform work. In this embodiment, the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly can realize bidirectional energy storage power generation through mutual circulation of working medium liquid, and the huge liquid storage space of the liquid storage part 1 is fully utilized, so that the volumes of the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are reduced. In addition, in the power generation process of the bidirectional energy storage power generation system, the air pressure in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly is increased along with the decrease of the water level in the liquid storage part 1, so that the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are always in an optimal efficiency interval.
In some embodiments, the heat storage device further comprises a back pressure passage, wherein the back pressure passage comprises a first back pressure passage which is communicated with the first power generation component and the heat storage piece 4 and a second back pressure passage which is communicated with the second power generation component and the heat storage piece 4; the first back pressure passage and the second back pressure passage are used for respectively recovering the compressed air in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, exchanging heat with the heat storage piece 4 and then introducing the compressed air into the heat storage piece 4.
The bidirectional energy storage power generation system further comprises a back pressure passage, wherein the back pressure passage comprises a first back pressure passage which is communicated with the first power generation component and the heat storage piece 4, and a second back pressure passage which is communicated with the second power generation component and the heat storage piece 4. In other words, the back pressure passage includes a first back pressure passage and a second back pressure passage, the first back pressure passage is disposed between the first power generation component and the heat storage member 4, and is used for exchanging heat between the compressed air in the first power generation component and the heat storage member 4 and then introducing the compressed air into the heat storage member 4; the second back pressure passage is arranged between the second power generation assembly and the heat storage piece 4 and is used for exchanging heat between compressed air in the second power generation assembly and the heat storage piece 4 and then introducing the compressed air into the heat storage piece 4. In some embodiments, an eighth regulating valve 27 and a ninth regulating valve 29 are respectively disposed on the first back pressure passage and the second back pressure passage, and the eighth regulating valve 27 and the ninth regulating valve 29 are used for regulating and controlling the compressed air flow rate on the first back pressure passage and the second back pressure passage.
In some embodiments, the first power generation assembly includes a first high pressure reservoir assembly 2 and a second hydro-turbine assembly 14; the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 is connected with the liquid storage component 1, the air inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the air storage component 50 through a first air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second water turbine unit 14; the liquid outlet of the second turbine unit 14 is connected to a second power generation assembly.
The first high pressure reservoir assembly 2 comprises at least one first high pressure reservoir; the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is a high-pressure high-strength airtight container capable of simultaneously containing compressed air and working medium liquid. Illustratively, the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 shown in fig. 2 comprises a first high-pressure liquid storage tank, wherein the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is provided with a first liquid inlet, a second liquid inlet, an air outlet and a liquid outlet; wherein first inlet and the storage liquid spare 1 of first high pressure liquid storage pot are connected, then the working medium liquid accessible first inlet of first high pressure liquid storage pot in the storage liquid spare 1 is inputed, in some schemes, is provided with second governing valve 21 between storage liquid spare 1 and the first high pressure liquid storage pot matter for regulate and control the flux of working medium liquid between the two. Similarly, the air inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with the air storage piece 50 through a first air transmission pipeline, so that compressed air in the air storage piece 50 can be introduced into the air inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank through the first air transmission pipeline; the second liquid outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second water turbine unit 14, namely working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank enters the second water turbine unit 14 through the second liquid outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank to do work and generate electricity; the air outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with the first back pressure passage. Working fluid flowing out of the second water turbine unit 14 after power generation enters the second power generation assembly, so that the circulation of the working fluid of the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly is realized. Wherein the liquid outlet of the second hydraulic turbine unit 14 is connected with the second power generation assembly, and a fifth regulating valve 24 is disposed therebetween and is used for regulating the flow of the working fluid entering the second power generation assembly.
In some embodiments, the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly 2 as shown in fig. 3 comprises three first high-pressure liquid storage tanks connected in parallel, wherein the liquid outlets of the three first high-pressure liquid storage tanks are all connected with the liquid inlet of the second water turbine unit 14; the first liquid inlets of the three first high-pressure liquid storage tanks are all connected with the liquid storage part 1, namely working medium liquid in the three first high-pressure liquid storage tanks enters the second water turbine unit 14 through the second liquid outlets thereof to do work and generate electricity, and the process is consistent with the process of doing work and generating electricity and is not repeated.
In some embodiments, the first power generation assembly further includes a first water-gas separator 15, a first pressure regulator 11, and a first pressure relief valve 18 disposed in sequence on the first gas line in the direction of gas delivery.
Illustratively, the first power generation assembly further includes a first water-gas separator 15, a first pressure stabilizer 11, and a first pressure relief valve 18; wherein the first water-gas separator 15, the first pressure stabilizer 11 and the first pressure release valve 18 are sequentially disposed on the first gas transmission line according to the gas transmission direction, that is, the direction in which the compressed air in the gas storage member 50 flows into the first power generation assembly. The first water-gas separator 15 is used for separating gas from liquid of the compressed air flowing out of the gas storage piece 50, and the separated compressed air continues to circulate in the first gas transmission pipeline; the first voltage stabilizer 11 may be a first intelligent voltage stabilizer, which is used for stabilizing the water head in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, so as to ensure that the second hydraulic turbine set 14 is in an optimal power interval; the first pressure relief valve 18 is disposed on the inlet of the first high pressure reservoir and is operable to reduce the pressure within the first high pressure reservoir. In some aspects, the first pressure relief valve 18 is provided with a pressure sensor that can detect the pressure in the first high pressure reservoir and adjust the pressure in the first high pressure reservoir using the first pressure relief valve 18 based on the pressure in the first high pressure reservoir. In this embodiment, the first air delivery pipe is further provided with a sixth regulating valve 25, wherein the sixth regulating valve 25 may be disposed between the first water-air separator 15 and the first pressure stabilizer 11, for regulating the flow rate of the compressed air into the first pressure stabilizer 11.
In some embodiments, a first pressure regulating well 16 is provided between the second regulator valve 21 and the first high pressure reservoir assembly 2, wherein the first pressure regulating well 16 is used to balance the initial pressure of the first high pressure reservoir and pre-pressure the first high pressure reservoir.
In some embodiments, the second power generation assembly comprises a second high pressure reservoir assembly 3 and a first water turbine set 13; the liquid inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 is connected with the liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit 14, the air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the air storage piece 50 through a second air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 is respectively communicated with the liquid inlet of the first water turbine unit 13 and the liquid storage piece 1; the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit 13 is connected with the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2.
The second high pressure reservoir assembly 3 comprises at least one second high pressure reservoir; the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is a high-pressure high-strength airtight container capable of simultaneously containing compressed air and working medium liquid. By way of example, the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 shown in fig. 2 comprises a second high-pressure liquid storage tank, wherein the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is provided with a liquid inlet, an air inlet, a first liquid outlet, an air outlet and a second liquid outlet; the first liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is connected with the liquid storage part 1 and is used for inputting working medium liquid in the first liquid outlet to the liquid storage part 1. In some embodiments, a third regulating valve 22 is disposed between the reservoir 1 and the second high-pressure reservoir, for regulating the flux of working fluid therebetween. The air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with the air storage piece 50 through a second air transmission pipeline, so that compressed air in the air storage piece 50 can be introduced into the air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank through the second air transmission pipeline; the air outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with a second back pressure passage; the second liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is communicated with the liquid inlet of the first water turbine unit 13, namely working medium liquid in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank enters the first water turbine unit 13 through the second liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank to do work for power generation. Working fluid flowing out of the first water turbine unit 13 after power generation enters the first power generation assembly. The liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit 13 is connected with the second power generation assembly, and a fourth regulating valve 23 is arranged between the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit 13 and the second power generation assembly and is used for regulating the flow of working medium liquid entering the first power generation assembly.
In some embodiments, the second high-pressure liquid storage assembly 3 as shown in fig. 3 comprises three second high-pressure liquid storage tanks connected in parallel, wherein first liquid outlets of the three second high-pressure liquid storage tanks are all connected with liquid inlets of the first water turbine unit 13; the second liquid outlets of the three second high-pressure liquid storage tanks are all connected with the liquid storage part 1, namely working medium liquid in the three second high-pressure liquid storage tanks enters the first water turbine unit 13 through the second liquid outlets thereof to apply work and generate electricity, and the process is consistent with the process of applying work and generating electricity and is not repeated.
In some embodiments, the second power generation assembly further includes a second water-gas separator 28, a second pressure regulator 12, and a second pressure relief valve 19 disposed in sequence on the second gas line in the direction of gas delivery.
Illustratively, the second power generation assembly further includes a second water-gas separator 28, a second pressure regulator 12, and a second pressure relief valve 19; wherein the second water-gas separator 28, the second pressure stabilizer 12 and the second pressure release valve 19 are sequentially disposed on the second gas transmission line according to the gas transmission direction, that is, the direction in which the compressed air in the gas storage member 50 flows into the second power generation assembly. The second water-gas separator 28 is used for separating gas from liquid of the compressed air flowing out of the gas storage piece 50, and the separated compressed air continues to circulate in the second gas transmission pipeline; the second pressure regulator 12 may be a second intelligent pressure regulator for keeping the pressure of the passing compressed air constant; the second pressure release valve 19 is disposed on the air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and can be used for reducing the pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank. In some embodiments, the second pressure release valve 19 is provided with a pressure sensor, and the pressure sensor can detect the pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, and adjust the pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank according to the pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank by using the second pressure release valve 19. In this embodiment, a first regulator valve 20 is also provided on the second gas line, wherein the first regulator valve 20 may be disposed between the second water-gas separator 28 and the second pressure regulator 12 for regulating the flow of compressed air into the second pressure regulator 12.
In some embodiments, a second pressure regulating well 17 is provided between the third regulating valve 22 and the second high pressure reservoir assembly 3, wherein the second pressure regulating well 17 is used to regulate the pressure of the working fluid flowing out of the second high pressure reservoir.
In some embodiments, a bi-directional energy storage power generation method based on a compressed air unit is proposed, and the power generation system in any embodiment is used for generating power.
In some embodiments, the following process is included:
energy storage stage: the air compression assembly 8 compresses the input air and stores the generated compressed air in the air storage piece 50 after exchanging heat with working medium liquid in the heat storage piece 4;
and (3) a working power generation stage: the method comprises a first power generation assembly power generation process and a second power generation assembly power generation process;
the power generation process of the first power generation assembly comprises the following steps: the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 is filled with working medium liquid in the initial stage, and the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 is empty; opening a second gas transmission pipeline to pre-pressurize the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 until the pressure of the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 and the pressure of the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 are balanced, and closing the second gas transmission pipeline;
closing the second regulating valve 21 and the third regulating valve 22, and opening the first gas transmission pipeline, the second back pressure passage and the fifth regulating valve 24, wherein working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 enters the second water turbine unit 14 under set pressure to apply work and then flows into the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3, so that the operation of the second water turbine unit 14 is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 passes through the second back pressure passage and exchanges heat with the heat storage piece 4 and then is introduced into the air storage piece 50; closing the fifth regulating valve 24 and balancing the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 until all working medium liquid enters the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3;
And the power generation process of the second power generation assembly comprises the following steps: closing the second regulating valve 21 and the third regulating valve 22, opening the second gas transmission pipeline, the first back pressure passage and the fourth regulating valve 23, and enabling working medium liquid in the second high-pressure liquid storage assembly 3 to flow into the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly 2 after entering the first water turbine unit 13 for acting under set pressure, so that the operation of the first water turbine unit 13 is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 passes through the first back pressure passage and exchanges heat with the heat storage piece 4 and then is introduced into the air storage piece 50; and balancing the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 until all working medium liquid enters the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2.
Specifically, when the power source side needs to generate electricity and supply power, the air storage piece 50 is filled with compressed air, the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is filled with working medium liquid, and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is empty, wherein no compressed air or working medium liquid exists. When the first power generation assembly generates power: the second gas transmission pipeline is opened by closing the second regulating valve 21 and the third regulating valve 22 and opening the first regulating valve 20, and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is pre-pressurized by high-pressure air in the gas storage piece 50, so that the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank keep the same hydraulic pressure, and the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank can be measured through the first regulating well 16 and the second regulating well 17 until the pressure of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is balanced, and then the first regulating valve 20 is closed. The second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank keep the same hydraulic pressure, which is beneficial to the second water turbine set 14 to keep stable working, and prevents the working medium liquid from entering the second water turbine set 14 at the initial stage of the second water turbine set 14 to have larger pressure.
The sixth regulating valve 25 is opened, namely the first gas transmission pipeline is opened, the ninth regulating valve 29 is opened, the second back pressure passage and the fifth regulating valve 24 are opened, working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank enters the second water turbine set 14 under set pressure to do work and then flows into the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, so that the operation of the second water turbine set 14 is stably kept in an optimal working condition, and when the working medium liquid is water, the operation of the second water turbine set 14 is stably kept in the optimal working condition to be about 700m water head; along with the continuous improvement of the liquid level in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, the internal air pressure is continuously improved on the basis of prepressing, the compressed air in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is lifted by the water level in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank due to the prepressing, the heat exchange is performed in the second heat exchanger 10 between the second back pressure passage and the working medium liquid in the heat storage part 4, the compressed air after heat exchange is introduced into the air storage part 50 to increase the air pressure in the air storage part 50, the heat and pressure increase of the air storage part 50 in the power generation process is realized, and the operation stability of the second water turbine unit 14 is maintained. Until all working medium liquid enters the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, at the moment, the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is fully filled with compressed air, the fifth regulating valve 24 is closed, and finally the second pressure relief valve 19 is opened to balance the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank, and then the second pressure relief valve 19 and the ninth regulating valve 29 are closed.
The eighth regulating valve 27 is opened, compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank passes through the first back pressure passage and exchanges heat with the heat storage part 4 and then is introduced into the air storage part 50, the air pressure in the air storage part 50 is increased, and the eighth regulating valve 27 is closed until the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank.
The second power generation assembly generates power by the following steps: the first regulating valve 20 is opened, namely the second gas transmission pipeline is opened, meanwhile, the eighth regulating valve 27 is opened, a back pressure passage is opened, working medium liquid in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank of the fourth regulating valve 23 enters the first water turbine unit 13 under set pressure to apply work and then flows into the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, so that the operation of the first water turbine unit 13 is stably kept in an optimal working condition, and when the working medium liquid is water, the operation of the first water turbine unit 13 is stably kept in the optimal working condition to be about 700m water head; along with the continuous improvement of the liquid level in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, the internal air pressure is continuously improved on the basis of prepressing, the compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank exchanges heat with working medium liquid in the heat storage part 4 in the second heat exchanger 10 through the first back pressure passage, and the compressed air after heat exchange is introduced into the air storage part 50 to increase the air pressure in the air storage part 50, so that the operation stability of the first water turbine unit 13 is maintained. Until all working medium liquid enters the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, at the moment, the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is fully filled with compressed air, the fourth regulating valve 23 is closed, and finally the first pressure release valve 18 is opened to balance the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank, and then the first pressure release valve 18 and the eighth regulating valve 27 are closed.
The ninth regulating valve 29 is opened, the compressed air in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank passes through the second back pressure passage and exchanges heat with the heat storage part 4, then the compressed air is introduced into the air storage part 50, the air pressure in the air storage part 50 is increased, and the ninth regulating valve 29 is closed until the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage tank is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage tank.
In some embodiments, when the first water turbine unit 13 and the second water turbine unit 14 are kept in the optimal working condition, the working water head is unchanged and can be expressed as:
H＝H z +H p
the operation characteristic curve formula is
η＝f(P，H)
P＝η t γQH＝9.81η t QH
Figure BDA0004082643990000111
Figure BDA0004082643990000112
Wherein: η is the efficiency of the turbine; p is the output, kW; η (eta) t Is model efficiency; gamma is the volume weight, kN/m 3 9.81 gravitational acceleration, m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is a water head, m; q is flow, m 3 /s；n 11 The rotating speed of the water turbine with similar geometry when the diameter of the rotating wheel is 1m and the effective water head is 1m is represented by m/s; q (Q) 11 Represents the effective flow when the diameter of the turbine runner is 1m and the effective water head is 1m, and m is similar to that of the turbine runner 3 S; n is the rotating speed, m/s; d (D) 1 Is the nominal diameter of the rotor, m.
Wherein FIG. 4 is a graph of the operating ranges of the first and second turbine sets 13 and 14, with the ordinate n 11 The rotating speed of the water turbine with similar geometry when the diameter of the rotating wheel is 1m and the effective water head is 1m is shown; abscissa Q 11 Representing the effective flow when the diameter of the turbine runner is 1m and the effective water head is 1m, which are similar in geometry; fig. 5 is a graph showing the relationship between the output of the first and second turbine units 13 and 14 and the water head, wherein the ordinate H represents the water head; the abscissa P represents the output; in the working water head range H min ～H max Takes eight water head values H i And respectively calculating the unit rotation speed n corresponding to each water head 11i The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the In FIG. 4, with each n 11i Intersecting the value as horizontal line with a certain equal-efficiency line of the model at a series of points, and making every intersection point eta m Is converted into eta, and P of each point is calculated at the same timePoints are drawn into a P-H coordinate system and connected into a smooth curve.
In some embodiments, the working power generation stage further includes closing the second back pressure passage and the first gas transmission pipeline after the working fluid completely enters the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 in the power generation process of the first power generation component, opening the first back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 into the gas storage component 50 after exchanging heat with the heat storage component 4 through the first back pressure passage.
In some embodiments, the working power generation stage further includes closing the first back pressure passage and the second gas transmission pipeline after the working fluid completely enters the first high-pressure liquid storage component 2 in the power generation process of the second power generation component, opening the second back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the second high-pressure liquid storage component 3 into the gas storage component 50 after exchanging heat with the heat storage component 4 through the second back pressure passage.
Therefore, the heat storage piece 4 is adopted to compress air, and in the process of generating electricity by the bidirectional energy storage power generation system, the heat storage piece 4 is utilized to realize the gas pressurization technology for the air storage piece 50, so that the stable operation of the energy storage power generation system can be ensured, the bidirectional energy storage power generation system can be placed at any height position, and the bidirectional energy storage power generation system has the advantages of low requirements on engineering geological conditions, high energy storage power generation efficiency and the like; in addition, a first water turbine unit 13 and a second water turbine unit 14 which are arranged between the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank form a forward and reverse water turbine unit, and bidirectional power generation is realized through the air pressure change inside the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank; and the internal pressure of the second high-pressure liquid storage tank and the first high-pressure liquid storage tank is regulated to keep the first water turbine unit 13 and the second water turbine unit 14 to be always in an optimal efficiency interval.
It should be noted that in the description of the present application, the terms "first," "second," and the like are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance. Furthermore, in the description of the present application, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.
Any process or method descriptions in flow charts or otherwise described herein may be understood as representing modules, segments, or portions of code which include one or more executable instructions for implementing specific logical functions or steps of the process, and further implementations are included within the scope of the preferred embodiment of the present application in which functions may be executed out of order from that shown or discussed, including substantially concurrently or in reverse order, depending on the functionality involved, as would be understood by those reasonably skilled in the art of the embodiments of the present application.
In the description of the present specification, a description referring to terms "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "examples," "specific examples," or "some examples," etc., means that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the present application. In this specification, schematic representations of the above terms do not necessarily refer to the same embodiments or examples. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.
Although embodiments of the present application have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the application, and that variations, modifications, alternatives, and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the application.

Claims (17)

1. A two-way energy storage power generation system based on compressed air unit is characterized by comprising
A compressed air unit comprising an air compression assembly and at least one air reservoir; the air storage piece is connected with the air compression assembly and is used for storing compressed air generated by the air compression assembly;
The liquid storage and heat storage unit comprises a liquid storage part and a heat storage part which are communicated with each other, wherein working medium liquid is contained in the liquid storage and heat storage part; the heat storage piece is respectively connected with the air compression assembly and the air storage piece in a heat exchange mode, and stores compression heat generated by the air compression assembly and provides heat for the air storage piece; and
the bidirectional energy storage power generation unit comprises a first power generation assembly and a second power generation assembly; the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly are respectively communicated with the liquid storage part and the gas storage part, working medium liquid in the first power generation assembly and working medium liquid in the second power generation assembly are mutually circulated, and the input compressed air drives the stored working medium liquid to flow towards each other to realize bidirectional power generation and work.
2. The power generation system of claim 1, further comprising a back pressure path comprising a first back pressure path communicating the first power generation component with the thermal storage and a second back pressure path communicating the second power generation component with the thermal storage; the first back pressure passage and the second back pressure passage are used for respectively recovering the compressed air in the first power generation assembly and the second power generation assembly, exchanging heat with the heat storage piece and then introducing the compressed air into the air storage piece.
3. The power generation system of claim 1 or 2, wherein the first power generation assembly comprises a first high pressure reservoir assembly and a second hydro-generator set; the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is connected with the liquid storage piece, the air inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the liquid storage piece through a first air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the liquid inlet of the second water turbine unit; and a liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit is connected with the second power generation assembly.
4. The power generation system of claim 3, wherein the first power generation assembly further comprises a first water-gas separator, a first pressure regulator, and a first pressure relief valve disposed in sequence on the first gas line in a gas delivery direction.
5. The power generation system of claim 4, wherein the first pressure relief valve is provided with a pressure sensor.
6. The power generation system of claim 3, wherein the first gas line, the liquid outlet of the second hydraulic turbine unit, the second power generation assembly, the liquid inlet of the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly, and the liquid storage member are respectively provided with a sixth regulating valve, a fifth regulating valve, and a second regulating valve.
7. The power generation system of claim 6, wherein a first pressure regulating well is disposed between the second regulator valve and the first high pressure reservoir assembly.
8. The power generation system of claim 3, wherein the second power generation assembly comprises a second high pressure reservoir assembly and a first turbine set; the liquid inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is connected with the liquid outlet of the second water turbine unit, the air inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is communicated with the air storage piece through a second air transmission pipeline, and the liquid outlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component is respectively communicated with the liquid inlet of the first water turbine unit and the liquid storage piece; the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit is connected with the liquid inlet of the second high-pressure liquid storage component.
9. The power generation system of claim 8, wherein the second power generation assembly further comprises a second water-gas separator, a second pressure regulator, and a second pressure relief valve disposed in sequence on the second gas line in a gas delivery direction.
10. The power generation system of claim 9, wherein the second pressure relief valve is provided with a pressure sensor.
11. The power generation system of claim 8, wherein a first regulator valve, a fourth regulator valve, and a third regulator valve are disposed on the second gas line, between the liquid outlet of the first water turbine unit and the first high-pressure reservoir assembly, and between the second high-pressure reservoir assembly and the liquid reservoir, respectively.
12. The power generation system of claim 11, wherein a second pressure regulating well is disposed between the third regulator valve and the second high pressure reservoir assembly.
13. A bi-directional energy storage power generation method based on a compressed air unit, characterized in that power generation is performed by using the power generation system according to any one of claims 1-12.
14. The method according to claim 13, characterized by comprising the following process:
energy storage stage: the air compression assembly compresses input air, exchanges heat between the generated compressed air and working medium liquid in the heat storage piece, and stores the compressed air in the air storage piece;
and (3) a working power generation stage: the method comprises a first power generation assembly power generation process and a second power generation assembly power generation process;
the power generation process of the first power generation assembly comprises the following steps: the first high-pressure liquid storage component is filled with working medium liquid in the initial stage, and the second high-pressure liquid storage component is empty; opening a second gas transmission pipeline to pre-pressurize the second high-pressure liquid storage component until the second high-pressure liquid storage component and the first high-pressure liquid storage component are in pressure balance, and closing the second gas transmission pipeline;
closing a second regulating valve and a third regulating valve, and opening a first gas transmission pipeline, a second back pressure passage and a fifth regulating valve, wherein working medium liquid in the first high-pressure liquid storage component enters a second water turbine unit to do work under set pressure and then flows into the second high-pressure liquid storage component, so that the operation of the second water turbine unit is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in the second high-pressure liquid storage component exchanges heat with the heat storage part through the second back pressure passage and is heated, and then is introduced into the heat storage part to increase heat and supplement pressure; closing the fifth regulating valve after all working medium liquid enters the second high-pressure liquid storage component, and balancing the air pressure in the second high-pressure liquid storage component;
And the power generation process of the second power generation assembly comprises the following steps: closing a second regulating valve and a third regulating valve, opening a second gas transmission pipeline, a first back pressure passage and a fourth regulating valve, and enabling working medium liquid in the second high-pressure liquid storage assembly to enter the first water turbine unit to do work under set pressure and then flow into the first high-pressure liquid storage assembly, so that the operation of the first water turbine unit is stably kept in an optimal working condition; simultaneously, compressed air in the first high-pressure liquid storage component is introduced into the gas storage piece after heat exchange and temperature increase are carried out between the compressed air and the heat storage piece through the first back pressure passage; and balancing the air pressure in the first high-pressure liquid storage component after all working medium liquid enters the first high-pressure liquid storage component.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the operating head of the first and second turbine sets while maintained at optimal conditions is invariably expressed as:
H＝H z +H p
the operation characteristic curve formula is
η＝f(P，H)
P＝η t γQH＝9.81η t QH
Figure FDA0004082643980000031
Figure FDA0004082643980000032
Wherein: η is the efficiency of the turbine; p is the output, kW: η (eta) t Is model efficiency; gamma is the volume weight, kN/m 3 9.81 gravitational acceleration, m/s 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the H is a water head, m; q is flow, m 3 /s；n 11 The rotating speed of the water turbine with similar geometry when the diameter of the rotating wheel is 1m and the effective water head is 1m is represented by m/s; q (Q) 11 Represents the effective flow when the diameter of the turbine runner is 1m and the effective water head is 1m, and m is similar to that of the turbine runner 3 S; n is the rotating speed, m/s; d (D) 1 Is the nominal diameter of the rotor, m.
16. The method of claim 14, wherein the power generation stage further comprises closing the second back pressure passage and the first gas transmission pipeline after all working fluid enters the second high-pressure reservoir assembly during power generation of the first power generation assembly, opening the first back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the first high-pressure reservoir assembly into the gas storage member after exchanging heat with the heat storage member through the first back pressure passage until the air pressure in the first high-pressure reservoir assembly is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the second high-pressure reservoir.
17. The method of claim 14, wherein the power generation stage further comprises closing the first back pressure passage and the second gas transmission pipeline after all working fluid enters the first high-pressure reservoir assembly during power generation of the second power generation assembly, opening the second back pressure passage, and introducing the compressed air in the second high-pressure reservoir assembly into the gas storage member after exchanging heat with the heat storage member through the second back pressure passage until the air pressure in the second high-pressure reservoir assembly is the same as the hydraulic pressure in the first high-pressure reservoir.
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CN117318315A (en) * 2023-09-25 2023-12-29 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117318315A (en) * 2023-09-25 2023-12-29 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation
CN117318315B (en) * 2023-09-25 2024-04-30 水利部交通运输部国家能源局南京水利科学研究院 Heat-insulating pumping compressed air energy storage device and method based on multistage water circulation

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