CN112876719A - 一种阻燃环保塑胶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种阻燃环保塑胶及其制备方法,该塑胶包括PC塑胶基体层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层上表面的第一立方氮化硼阻燃层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层下表面的第二立方氮化硼阻燃层,所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层,所述第一相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第一回形结构,所述第二相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第一回形结构内的第二回形结构;所述第一相变材料层为硫氰酸铵材料层,所述第二相变材料层为新戊二醇材料层。相比于现有技术,本发明提供的塑胶具有高散热及阻燃性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及塑胶材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种阻燃环保塑胶及其制备方法。
背景技术
塑胶主要由碳、氧、氢和氮及其他有机或无机元素所构成,成品为固体,在制造过程中是熔融状的液体,因此可以机加热使其熔化、加压力使其流动、冷却使其固化,而形成各种形状,此庞大而变化多端的材料族群称为塑胶。塑胶应用非常广泛,是家电、汽车、手机、PC、医疗器械、照明电器、电缆中不可或缺的部件。随着我国经济实现了持续稳定的增长,家电、汽车、手机、PC、医疗器械等行业受益于良好的外部环境也实现了快速发展,下游行业的发展进一步拉动了对塑胶的需求。
然而,现有的塑胶产品在使用过程中存以下问题:散热性能不足,且阻燃性能差,这样很容易出现高温燃烧或报废问题,大大缩短了其使用寿命,并限制了其使用范围。
有鉴于此,确有必要对现有的塑胶进行改进,使其具备良好的散热和阻燃性能。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于:针对现有技术的不足,而提供一种具备高阻燃性能的环保塑胶。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种阻燃环保塑胶,包括PC塑胶基体层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层上表面的第一立方氮化硼阻燃层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层下表面的第二立方氮化硼阻燃层,所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层,所述第一相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第一回形结构,所述第二相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第一回形结构内的第二回形结构;所述第一相变材料层为硫氰酸铵材料层,所述第二相变材料层为新戊二醇材料层。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第三相变材料层和第四相变材料层,所述第三相变材料层沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第三回形结构,所述第四相变材料层沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第三回形结构内的第四回形结构;所述第三相变材料层为氟氢化钾材料层,所述第四相变材料层为三羟甲基丙烷层。通过第三相变材料层的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~196℃)时,该相变材料(氟氢化钾)发生固固相变,吸收热量,降低塑胶的表面温度,能够避免塑胶的温度过高;通过第四相变材料层的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~62.3℃)时,该相变材料(三羟甲基丙烷)发生固固相变,释放热量,能够防止塑胶温度过低。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述PC塑胶基体层和所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层之间设置有石墨烯散热层。石墨烯具有极佳的导热散热性能,通过设置石墨烯散热层,能够进一步提高塑胶的散热及阻燃性能。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述PC塑胶基体层和所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层之间设置有网状铝箔散热层。通过设置网状铝箔散热层,能够进一步提高塑胶的散热及阻燃性能。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述PC塑胶基体层的两侧表面均设置有若干第一凸起和第二凸起,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起间隔且交替设置,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起高度比为1.2~1.5:1。通过设置高度不同的第一凸起和第二凸起,能够增加PC塑胶基体与其他层间的接触面积,提高层间的连接强度。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述塑胶设置有若干沿纵向贯通所述塑胶上下表面的第一散热孔,所述PC基体层沿横向设置有与所述第一散热孔相连通的第二散热孔。通过横向及纵向设置的散热孔,能够有效提高塑胶的散热效率,提高塑胶的散热性能。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。将两个相变材料层设置在同一表面上,既能满足塑胶的耐高低温性能,又可以减少塑胶整体厚度,节省用材。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述第三相变材料层和第四相变材料层的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。将两个相变材料层设置在同一表面上,既能满足塑胶的耐高低温性能,又可以减少塑胶整体厚度,节省用材。
在根据本申请所述的阻燃环保塑胶的一实施例中,所述PC塑胶基体层的两侧表面设置有银纤抑菌层。通过银纤抑菌层对细菌进行有效抑制并最终杀灭细菌,有助于延长塑胶的使用寿命。
此外,本申请还提供一种阻燃环保塑胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)选取靶材:分别选取立方氮化硼、硫氰酸铵、新戊二醇、氟氢化钾、三
羟甲基丙烷为靶材,以PC塑胶为基体;
2)将基体和靶材置于磁控溅射设备的真空室中,对真空室抽真空至本底真
空度为2×10 -3 pa;
3)通入质量纯度为99.999%的氩气作为工作气体,溅射工作气压为0.2~ 0.3Pa,对基体施加50~200V的负偏压;
4)在基体的一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第一立方氮化硼阻燃层;然后溅射硫氰酸铵靶材6~12秒后停止,并使硫氰酸铵在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成第一回形结构;接着溅射新戊二醇靶材6~12秒后停止,并使新戊二醇在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成与第一回形结构相嵌合的第二回形结构;
5)在基体的另一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第二立方氮化硼阻燃层;然后溅射氟氢化钾靶材6~12秒后停止,并使氟氢化钾在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成第三回形结构;接着溅射三羟甲基丙烷靶材6~12秒后停止,并使三羟甲基丙烷在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成与第三回形结构相嵌合的第四回形结构。
本发明的有益效果在于:本发明一种阻燃环保塑胶,包括PC塑胶基体层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层上表面的第一立方氮化硼阻燃层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层下表面的第二立方氮化硼阻燃层,所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层,所述第一相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第一回形结构,所述第二相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第一回形结构内的第二回形结构;所述第一相变材料层为硫氰酸铵材料层,所述第二相变材料层为新戊二醇材料层。相比于现有技术,一方面,本发明通过在基体的两侧设置第一立方氮化硼阻燃层和第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的双阻燃层结构,能够有效提高塑胶的阻燃性能,且高强度的立方氮化硼能够有效提高塑胶的强度;另一方面,通过第一相变材料层的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~150℃)时,该相变材料(硫氰酸铵)发生固固相变,吸收热量,降低塑胶的表面温度,能够避免塑胶的温度过高;通过第二相变材料层的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~47.3℃)时,该相变材料(新戊二醇)发生固固相变,释放热量,能够防止塑胶温度过低;因此,本发明通过第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层的双重控温设置,能够使塑胶的温度保持在一定范围,使得塑胶具备良好的散热性能和阻燃性能,有效增加塑胶的使用寿命。
附图说明
图1为本发明中实施例1的结构示意图。
图2为本发明中实施例1的第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层表面结构示意图。
图3为本发明中实施例1的第三相变材料层和第四相变材料层表面结构示意图。
图4为本发明中实施例2的结构示意图。
图5为本发明中实施例3的结构示意图。
图中:1、PC塑胶基体层;2、第一立方氮化硼阻燃层;3、第二立方氮化硼阻燃层;4、第一相变材料层;5、第二相变材料层;6、第三相变材料层、7、第四相变材料层;8、石墨烯散热层;9、网状铝箔散热层。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合具体实施方式和说明书附图,对本发明及其有益效果作进一步详细的描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
如图1~3所示,一种阻燃环保塑胶,包括PC塑胶基体层1、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层1上表面的第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层1下表面的第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3,所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2的外表面设置有第一相变材料层4和第二相变材料层5,所述第一相变材料层4沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2的表面设置并形成第一回形结构,所述第二相变材料层5沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第一回形结构内的第二回形结构;所述第一相变材料层4为硫氰酸铵材料层,所述第二相变材料层5为新戊二醇材料层。
相比于现有技术,一方面,本发明通过在基体的两侧设置第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2和第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的双阻燃层结构,能够有效提高塑胶的阻燃性能,且高强度的立方氮化硼能够有效提高塑胶的强度;另一方面,通过第一相变材料层4的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~150℃)时,该相变材料(硫氰酸铵)发生固固相变,吸收热量,降低塑胶的表面温度,能够避免塑胶的温度过高;通过第二相变材料层5的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~47.3℃)时,该相变材料(新戊二醇)发生固固相变,释放热量,能够防止塑胶温度过低;因此,本发明通过第一相变材料层4和第二相变材料层5的双重控温设置,能够使塑胶的温度保持在一定范围,使得塑胶具备良好的散热性能和阻燃性能,有效增加塑胶的使用寿命。
优选地,所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的外表面设置有第三相变材料层6和第四相变材料层7,所述第三相变材料层6沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的表面设置并形成第三回形结构,所述第四相变材料层7沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第三回形结构内的第四回形结构;所述第三相变材料层6为氟氢化钾材料层,所述第四相变材料层7为三羟甲基丙烷层。通过第三相变材料层6的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~196℃)时,该相变材料(氟氢化钾)发生固固相变,吸收热量,降低塑胶的表面温度,能够避免塑胶的温度过高;通过第四相变材料层7的设置,在外部环境达到其相变温度(~62.3℃)时,该相变材料(三羟甲基丙烷)发生固固相变,释放热量,能够防止塑胶温度过低。
优选地,所述第一相变材料层4和第二相变材料层5的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。将两个相变材料层设置在同一表面上,既能满足塑胶的耐高低温性能,又可以减少塑胶整体厚度,节省用材。
优选地,所述第三相变材料层6和第四相变材料层7的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。将两个相变材料层设置在同一表面上,既能满足塑胶的耐高低温性能,又可以减少塑胶整体厚度,节省用材。
其中,该阻燃环保塑胶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
1)选取靶材:分别选取立方氮化硼、硫氰酸铵、新戊二醇、氟氢化钾、三羟甲基丙烷为靶材,以PC塑胶为基体;
2)将基体和靶材置于磁控溅射设备的真空室中,对真空室抽真空至本底真空度为2×10 -3 pa;
3)通入质量纯度为99.999%的氩气作为工作气体,溅射工作气压为0.2~ 0.3Pa,对基体施加50~200V的负偏压;
4)在基体的一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2;然后溅射硫氰酸铵靶材6~12秒后停止,并使硫氰酸铵在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2的表面形成第一回形结构;接着溅射新戊二醇靶材6~12秒后停止,并使新戊二醇在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2的表面形成与第一回形结构相嵌合的第二回形结构;
5)在基体的另一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3;然后溅射氟氢化钾靶材6~12秒后停止,并使氟氢化钾在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的表面形成第三回形结构;接着溅射三羟甲基丙烷靶材6~12秒后停止,并使三羟甲基丙烷在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3的表面形成与第三回形结构相嵌合的第四回形结构。
实施例2
如图4所示,与实施例1不同的是,所述PC塑胶基体层1和所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层2之间设置有石墨烯散热层8。石墨烯具有极佳的导热散热性能,通过设置石墨烯散热层8,能够进一步提高塑胶的散热及阻燃性能。
其他结构同实施例1,这里不再赘述。
实施例3
如图5所示,与实施例2不同的是,所述PC塑胶基体层1和所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层3之间设置有网状铝箔散热层9。通过设置网状铝箔散热层9,能够进一步提高塑胶的散热及阻燃性能。
其他结构同实施例2,这里不再赘述。
实施例4
与实施例1不同的是,所述PC塑胶基体层1的两侧表面均设置有若干第一凸起和第二凸起,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起间隔且交替设置,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起高度比为1.2~1.5:1。通过设置高度不同的第一凸起和第二凸起,能够增加PC塑胶基体与其他层间的接触面积,提高层间的连接强度。
其他结构同实施例1,这里不再赘述。
实施例5
与实施例1不同的是,所述塑胶设置有若干沿纵向贯通所述塑胶上下表面的第一散热孔,所述PC基体层沿横向设置有与所述第一散热孔相连通的第二散热孔。通过横向及纵向设置的散热孔,能够有效提高塑胶的散热效率,提高塑胶的散热性能。
其他结构同实施例1,这里不再赘述。
实施例6
与实施例1不同的是,所述PC塑胶基体层1的两侧表面设置有银纤抑菌层。通过银纤抑菌层对细菌进行有效抑制并最终杀灭细菌,有助于延长塑胶的使用寿命。
其他结构同实施例1,这里不再赘述。
根据上述说明书的揭示和教导,本发明所属领域的技术人员还能够对上述实施方式进行变更和修改。因此,本发明并不局限于上述的具体实施方式,凡是本领域技术人员在本发明的基础上所作出的任何显而易见的改进、替换或变型均属于本发明的保护范围。此外,尽管本说明书中使用了一些特定的术语,但这些术语只是为了方便说明,并不对本发明构成任何限制。
Claims (9)
1.一种阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:包括PC塑胶基体层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层上表面的第一立方氮化硼阻燃层、设置在所述PC塑胶基体层下表面的第二立方氮化硼阻燃层,所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层,所述第一相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第一回形结构,所述第二相变材料层沿所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第一回形结构内的第二回形结构;所述第一相变材料层为硫氰酸铵材料层,所述第二相变材料层为新戊二醇材料层。
2.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的外表面设置有第三相变材料层和第四相变材料层,所述第三相变材料层沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成第三回形结构,所述第四相变材料层沿所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面设置并形成嵌设在所述第三回形结构内的第四回形结构;所述第三相变材料层为氟氢化钾材料层,所述第四相变材料层为三羟甲基丙烷层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述PC塑胶基体层和所述第一立方氮化硼阻燃层之间设置有石墨烯散热层。
4.根据权利要求3所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述PC塑胶基体层和所述第二立方氮化硼阻燃层之间设置有网状铝箔散热层。
5.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述PC塑胶基体层的两侧表面均设置有若干第一凸起和第二凸起,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起间隔且交替设置,所述第一凸起和所述第二凸起高度比为1.2~1.5:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述塑胶设置有若干沿纵向贯通所述塑胶上下表面的第一散热孔,所述PC基体层沿横向设置有与所述第一散热孔相连通的第二散热孔。
7.根据权利要求1所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述第一相变材料层和第二相变材料层的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。
8.根据权利要求2所述的阻燃环保塑胶,其特征在于:所述第三相变材料层和第四相变材料层的厚度相等,并且两者的外表面处在同一水平面上。
9.一种根据权利要求2所述的阻燃环保塑胶的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
选取靶材:分别选取立方氮化硼、硫氰酸铵、新戊二醇、氟氢化钾、三羟甲基丙烷为靶材,以PC塑胶为基体;
将基体和靶材置于磁控溅射设备的真空室中,对真空室抽真空至本底真空度为2×10 -3 pa;
通入质量纯度为99.999%的氩气作为工作气体,溅射工作气压为0.2~ 0.3Pa,对基体施加50~200V的负偏压;
在基体的一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第一立方氮化硼阻燃层;然后溅射硫氰酸铵靶材6~12秒后停止,并使硫氰酸铵在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成第一回形结构;接着溅射新戊二醇靶材6~12秒后停止,并使新戊二醇在第一立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成与第一回形结构相嵌合的第二回形结构;
在基体的另一表面开启溅射立方氮化硼靶材10~30秒后停止,制得第二立方氮化硼阻燃层;然后溅射氟氢化钾靶材6~12秒后停止,并使氟氢化钾在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成第三回形结构;接着溅射三羟甲基丙烷靶材6~12秒后停止,并使三羟甲基丙烷在第二立方氮化硼阻燃层的表面形成与第三回形结构相嵌合的第四回形结构。
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