CN112876170A - Ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents

Ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes and preparation method thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112876170A
CN112876170A CN202110225346.1A CN202110225346A CN112876170A CN 112876170 A CN112876170 A CN 112876170A CN 202110225346 A CN202110225346 A CN 202110225346A CN 112876170 A CN112876170 A CN 112876170A
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artificial fish
fish reef
aggregate
concrete
oyster shell
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全洪珠
丛干文
张思雨
孟丹
王亮
孔佳丰
孙嘉卿
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Qingdao Agricultural University
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Priority to PCT/CN2021/107030 priority patent/WO2022183662A1/en
Priority to ZA2021/07694A priority patent/ZA202107694B/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
    • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
    • C04B28/04—Portland cements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B7/00—Hydraulic cements
    • C04B7/24—Cements from oil shales, residues or waste other than slag
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
    • C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
    • Y02P40/10—Production of cement, e.g. improving or optimising the production methods; Cement grinding

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial fish reefs, and particularly relates to ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes and a preparation method thereof. The invention provides ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 1420-1598 parts of aggregate, 555-657 parts of fine material, 1-5 parts of water reducing agent and 164-197 parts of water; the aggregate comprises natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate, and the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the mass of the aggregate; the recycled aggregate is prepared from construction waste; the fine material comprises cement or a mixture of cement and oyster shell powder, wherein the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%; the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time. The invention replaces cement with oyster shell powder, reduces the alkalinity of concrete and avoids the influence of artificial fish reef on the living environment of marine organisms.

Description

Ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes and preparation method thereof
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of artificial fish reefs, and particularly relates to ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
According to a report issued by a prospective industry research institute, 500-600 tons of building wastes are generated in the construction process of every 1 ten thousand square meters of buildings, 1 ten thousand square meters of old buildings are dismantled, and 7000-1.2 tons of building wastes are generated; the quantity of the construction waste accounts for more than 30 percent of the total quantity of the urban waste. The quantity of the construction waste is further increased along with the social development, but the resource utilization rate of the construction waste is low at present, and the total resource utilization rate of the construction waste is less than 10%. Therefore, how to try to widen the resource utilization mode and channel of the construction waste and further accelerate the technical innovation of resource utilization is still one of the research focuses which need to be paid attention to in China.
The artificial fish reef is a structure artificially arranged in the sea, and aims to improve the sea ecosystem, build a good environment for marine organisms to inhabit and achieve the purposes of protecting, proliferating and increasing the amount of harvested fish. As an important component of a marine ranch, the construction of the artificial fish reef is an effective way for restoring the marine ecological environment and promoting the sustainable development of marine fishery. The artificial fish reef is mainly prepared from artificial fish reef concrete, the artificial fish reef concrete has a special structure with multiple holes and a rough surface, the requirement of survival and growth of marine organisms can be met, and a marine ecosystem is restored.
The existing artificial fish reef concrete is generally prepared by adopting a traditional preparation process and mixing cement, water, natural sand stones, an admixture and an additive according to a certain proportion, has the advantages of higher strength and better integrity, and can be used for preparing artificial fish reefs with various shapes and specifications, complex structures and attractive appearances. However, the conventional artificial fish reef concrete uses common cement as a cementing material, so that the whole artificial fish reef is in a strong alkaline environment, which is contrary to a biological proper acid environment, and the acid-base balance of a concrete dissolution liquid to a seawater environment can also cause adverse effects.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides an ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes and a preparation method thereof. The artificial fish reef concrete leachate provided by the invention is weak in alkalinity and cannot generate great influence on the living environment of marine organisms.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002955661190000021
the aggregate comprises natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate, and the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the mass of the aggregate; the recycled aggregate is prepared from construction waste;
the fine material comprises cement or a mixture of the cement and oyster shell powder, and the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of the cement and the oyster shell powder is less than or equal to 40 percent;
the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time.
Preferably, when the recycled aggregate accounts for 25% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002955661190000022
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 50% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000023
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 75% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000031
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 100% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000032
preferably, the particle size of the oyster shell powder is less than 1000 μm, and the specific surface area is 0.219-0.313 m2(ii)/g, the apparent density is 3000-3100 kg/m3。
Preferably, the natural aggregate is natural granite macadam.
Preferably, the water reducing agent comprises an aliphatic water reducing agent, and the pH value of the water reducing agent is 7.5-8.3.
Preferably, the cement is ordinary portland cement P.O 42.5.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial fish reef concrete in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the aggregate, the fine materials, the water reducing agent and water to obtain the ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing the various solid wastes.
Preferably, when the fine material comprises oyster shell powder, the mixing comprises the steps of:
carrying out first mixing on cement, water and a water reducing agent to obtain cement slurry;
secondly mixing the cement slurry and the oyster shell powder to obtain mixed slurry;
and performing third mixing on the mixed slurry and the aggregate.
Preferably, the first mixing, the second mixing and the third mixing are performed under stirring.
Preferably, the stirring speed of the first mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 55-65 s;
the stirring speed of the second mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 55-65 s;
the stirring speed of the third mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 85-95 s.
The invention provides an ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 1420-1598 parts of aggregate, 555-657 parts of fine material, 1-5 parts of water reducing agent and 164-197 parts of water; the aggregate comprises natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate, and the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the mass of the aggregate; the recycled aggregate is prepared from construction waste; the fine material comprises cement or a mixture of cement and oyster shell powder, wherein the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%; the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time. In the invention, when the preparation raw materials of the artificial fish reef concrete comprise the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder, the oyster shell powder is partially substituted for cement, so that the content of the cement in the artificial fish reef concrete is reduced, the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef concrete is reduced, and the influence of the artificial fish reef prepared from the artificial fish reef concrete on the living environment of marine organisms is avoided. In the invention, the addition of the recycled aggregate improves the resource utilization rate of the construction waste, and has great significance for solving solid waste pollution, relieving the shortage of natural aggregate and promoting the recycling of resources. According to the test data of the embodiment of the invention, the pH value of the leachate obtained by soaking the artificial fish reef concrete for 28 days is 8.5-9.99.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of oyster shell powder preparation;
FIG. 2 is an XRD pattern of oyster shell powder;
FIG. 3 is SEM photograph of oyster shell powder;
fig. 4 is a physical diagram of shaped artificial fish reef concrete prepared from the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 1;
FIG. 5 is a picture of a slice of the concrete for the artificial fish reef prepared in example 1 after setting;
FIG. 6 shows compressive strengths of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after curing for 3 days;
FIG. 7 shows compressive strengths of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after curing for 7 days;
FIG. 8 shows the compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after being cured for 28 days;
FIG. 9 shows the tensile strength of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after being cured for 28 days;
fig. 10 is a linear graph of compressive strength and tensile strength of the artificial reef concrete cured for 28 days according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 11 is a compressive strength corrosion resistance system of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after 30 times of dry-wet cycles;
FIG. 12 is a compressive strength corrosion resistance system of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after 60 dry and wet cycles;
FIG. 13 is a compressive strength corrosion resistance system of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after being subjected to dry-wet circulation for 90 times;
FIG. 14 shows compressive strength corrosion resistance systems of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after 30 days of low-temperature treatment;
FIG. 15 shows compressive strength corrosion resistance systems of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after low-temperature treatment for 60 days;
FIG. 16 shows compressive strength corrosion resistance systems of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after being subjected to low-temperature treatment for 90 days;
FIG. 17 is a point-line graph of pH values of artificial fish reef concrete solutions prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 and the number of days of the test;
FIG. 18 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 1 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein a is the SEM image of the maintained concrete for 3 days, and b is the SEM image of the maintained concrete for 28 days;
FIG. 19 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 2 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein c is the SEM image of the maintained for 3 days, and d is the SEM image of the maintained for 28 days;
FIG. 20 is SEM pictures of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 8 after 3 days and 28 days of curing, wherein e is the SEM picture of 3 days of curing and f is the SEM picture of 28 days of curing;
FIG. 21 SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 14 and maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein g is the SEM image of the maintained concrete for 3 days, and h is the SEM image of the maintained concrete for 28 days;
FIG. 22 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in comparative example 1 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein m is the SEM image of the 3 days of maintenance and n is the SEM image of the 28 days of maintenance.
Detailed Description
The invention provides an ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes, which comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002955661190000061
the aggregate comprises natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate, and the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the mass of the aggregate; the recycled aggregate is prepared from construction waste;
the fine material comprises cement or a mixture of cement and oyster shell powder, wherein the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%;
the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the artificial fish reef concrete comprise 555-657 parts of fine materials, preferably 575-626 parts, and more preferably 590 parts. In the present invention, the fine materials include cement and/or oyster shell powder. In the present invention, the cement is preferably Portland cement P.O 42.5. In the present invention, the particle size of the oyster shell powder is preferably 1000 μm or less; the specific surface area is preferably 0.219 to 0.313m2A concentration of 0.230 to 0.300 m/g is more preferable2(ii)/g; the apparent density is preferably 3000 to 3100kg/m3More preferably 3050-3065 kg/m3。
In the present invention, the method for preparing oyster shell powder preferably comprises the steps of: crushing and screening the oyster shell to obtain the oyster shell powder.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the crushing further comprises: cleaning and airing oyster shells and removing impurities. In an embodiment of the invention, the oyster shells are from the Qingdao Panlong village breeding and processing factory. The cleaning is not particularly limited as long as it can remove dirt such as sludge on the surface of oyster shells. The present invention is not particularly limited as long as the water on the surface of the oyster shell after washing can be removed. In the present invention, the impurity removal is preferably performed by removing oyster meat remaining in oyster shells.
The present invention is not particularly limited as long as the desired particle size can be obtained. In the present invention, the screen for screening is preferably a 16-mesh quasi-screen, and the screening is preferably performed by taking undersize.
In the present invention, it is preferable that the screening further comprises: and (4) washing and drying the screened product to obtain the oyster shell powder. In the present invention, the water washing can remove dust from the sieved product. In the invention, the drying temperature is preferably 95-115 ℃, and more preferably 105 ℃; the time is preferably 22-26 h, and more preferably 24 h.
In the embodiment of the present invention, the oyster shell powder is prepared according to the preparation flow chart shown in fig. 1, the oyster shell is firstly collected, the collected oyster shell is cleaned, the cleaned oyster shell is crushed and screened, and the screened product is dried after being washed with water.
In the invention, the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of cement and oyster shell powder is 0-40%, preferably 20-30%, and in the embodiment of the invention, 20% or 40% can be realized.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the artificial fish reef concrete comprise 1-5 parts of water reducing agent, preferably 2-3 parts. In the present invention, the water reducing agent preferably comprises an aliphatic water reducing agent, and the aliphatic water reducing agent is preferably an aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent, and more preferably a non-air entraining type aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent. In the invention, the pH value of the water reducing agent is preferably 7.5-8.3, more preferably 7.9-8.1, and the water reducing rate of the water reducing agent is preferably 20-30%.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the artificial fish reef concrete comprise 164-197 parts of water, preferably 167-188 parts, and more preferably 173-177 parts. In the invention, the water-to-gel ratio of the artificial fish reef concrete is preferably 0.3: 1.
In the invention, the raw materials for preparing the artificial fish reef concrete comprise 1420-1598 parts of aggregate, preferably 1465-1544 parts, and more preferably 1490-1510 parts. In the present invention, the aggregate includes natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate; the recycled aggregate is obtained by crushing construction waste, and the particle size of the recycled aggregate is preferably 5-20 mm; the bulk density is preferably 1400 to 1450kg/m3More preferably 1410 to 1430kg/m3(ii) a The apparent density is preferably 2600-2650 kg/m3More preferably 2620 to 2630kg/m3(ii) a The water absorption is preferably 1-5%, and more preferably 2-4%; the porosity is preferably 45-55%, more preferably 49-52%; the crushing value is preferably 5-29%, and more preferably 13-25%; the content of the needle-shaped particles is preferably 10-18% by mass, and more preferably 13-15% by mass. In embodiments of the present invention, the recycled aggregate is preferably available from Qingdao Melanteritum recycled building materials, Inc.
In the invention, the natural aggregate is preferably natural granite macadam, the particle size of the natural aggregate is preferably 5-20 mm, in the invention, the particle size of the natural aggregate is preferably continuous gradation, and the mass ratio of the natural aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 5mm and less than 10mm and the particle size of more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 20mm is preferably 1: 2.8-3.2, and more preferably 1: 3. In the invention, the natural aggregate preferably has a bulk density of 1570-1620 kg/m3More preferably 1590 to 1610kg/m3(ii) a The preferred apparent density is 2650-2700 kg/m3More preferably 2670 to 2680kg/m3(ii) a The water absorption is preferably 1-4%, and more preferably 2-3%; the porosity is preferably 35-45%, more preferably 38-40%; the crushing value is preferably 1-10%, and more preferably 3-6%; mass of the needle-like particlesThe amount is preferably 5 to 10%, more preferably 7 to 9%.
In the invention, the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the aggregate by mass, preferably 25-75%, and in the embodiment of the invention, the recycled aggregate can be 25%, 50% or 75%.
In the invention, when the recycled aggregate accounts for 25% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete preferably comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure BDA0002955661190000081
in the invention, when the recycled aggregate accounts for 50% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete preferably comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000082
in the invention, when the recycled aggregate accounts for 75% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete preferably comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000083
in the invention, when the recycled aggregate accounts for 100% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete preferably comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure BDA0002955661190000091
in the invention, the porosity of the artificial fish reef concrete is preferably 10-15%, and more preferably 12-13%.
In the invention, the artificial fish reef concrete fully utilizes the construction waste and the oyster shell waste, and improves the utilization rate of solid waste resources.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the artificial fish reef concrete in the technical scheme, which comprises the following steps:
and mixing the aggregate, the fine materials, the water reducing agent and water to obtain the ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing the various solid wastes.
The mixing is not particularly limited in the present invention as long as it can be mixed uniformly. In the present invention, when the fine material includes oyster shell powder, the mixing preferably includes the steps of:
carrying out first mixing on cement, water and a water reducing agent to obtain cement slurry;
secondly mixing the cement slurry and the oyster shell powder to obtain mixed slurry;
and performing third mixing on the mixed slurry and the aggregate.
According to the invention, cement, water and a water reducing agent are subjected to first mixing to obtain cement slurry. In the present invention, the first mixing is preferably performed under stirring; the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 40-50 r/min, and more preferably 43-45 r/min; the time is preferably 55 to 65s, and more preferably 58 to 60 s.
After the cement slurry is obtained, the cement slurry and the oyster shell powder are subjected to second mixing to obtain mixed slurry. In the present invention, the second mixing is preferably performed under stirring; the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 40-50 r/min, and more preferably 43-45 r/min; the time is preferably 55 to 65s, and more preferably 58 to 60 s.
And after the mixed slurry is obtained, carrying out third mixing on the mixed slurry and the aggregate. In the present invention, the third mixing is preferably performed under stirring; the rotating speed of the stirring is preferably 40-50 r/min, and more preferably 43-45 r/min; the time is preferably 85 to 95 seconds, and more preferably 90 to 93 seconds.
In the present invention, the method for preparing the artificial fish reef preferably comprises the steps of:
and sequentially molding and maintaining the ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes to obtain the artificial fish reef.
In the present invention, the molding is preferably performed in a mold. The shape and the size of the mould are not required to be special, and the mould is determined according to the shape and the size of the artificial fish reef.
In the invention, the molding is preferably performed by filling the ecological artificial fish reef concrete using various solid wastes, and after the molding, the demolding is performed. In the invention, the die filling preferably adopts a layered inserting and tamping mode, and the number of layered layers is preferably 2-4 times, more preferably 3 layers; and (3) carrying out inserting and tamping after the paving of each layer is finished, wherein the inserting and tamping times are preferably 23-27 times, and more preferably 25 times. After the die filling is finished, the method also preferably comprises the following steps: and removing the concrete of the artificial fish reef protruding out of the mould, and filling the concave part. According to the invention, before shaping, the surface of the mould filled with the artificial fish reef concrete is preferably covered with the preservative film.
In the invention, the setting temperature is preferably normal temperature, and more preferably 18-24 ℃; the time is preferably 20 to 36 hours, and more preferably 24 to 30 hours. The present invention is not limited to the stripping, and the stripping can be performed in a manner known to those skilled in the art.
In the invention, the curing temperature is preferably 18-22 ℃, and more preferably 19-21 ℃; the time is preferably 27 to 29 days, and more preferably 28 days; the humidity of the curing environment is preferably more than 95%, and more preferably 97-98%.
In order to further illustrate the present invention, the following embodiments are described in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Collecting oyster shells discarded by a Panlong village breeding factory in Qingdao city, cleaning the collected oyster shells with a kettle, and airing to remove oyster meat remaining in the aired oyster shells; pulverizing the oyster shell after impurity removal, sieving with a 16-mesh standard sieve, and taking the undersize product to obtain oyster shell powder with particle size of less than 1000 μm (specific surface area of 0.230-0.300 m)2(ii)/g, apparent density of 3050-3065 kg/m3)；
Crushing the construction waste to obtain recycled aggregate (apparent density) with the particle size of 5-20 mm2623kg/m3(ii) a The water absorption rate is 3.2%; the porosity is 50.9%; the crush value was 25.4%; the mass content of the needle-shaped particles is 15.8%);
445kg of ordinary portland cement P.O 42.5, 167kg of water and 1.67kg of non-air-entraining aliphatic high-efficiency water reducing agent are stirred for 60s at the rotating speed of 45r/min to obtain cement slurry;
stirring the cement slurry and 111kg of oyster shell powder for 60s at the rotating speed of 45r/min to obtain mixed slurry;
mixing the mixed slurry with 1598kg of natural granite macadam with the particle size of 5-20 mm (the mass ratio of the recycled aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 5mm and less than 10mm to the recycled aggregate with the particle size of more than or equal to 10mm and less than or equal to 20mm is 1:3, and the bulk density is 1598kg/m3The apparent density of the powder was 2673kg/m3The water absorption rate was 2.1%, the void ratio was 40.2%, and the crush value was 5.6%; the mass content of the needle-shaped particles is 8.7%) and stirring is carried out for 90s at the rotating speed of 45r/min, so as to obtain the ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes.
XRD detection is carried out on the prepared oyster shell powder, and the XRD pattern is shown in figure 2. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the XRD pattern of oyster shell powder shows typical CaCO at 23, 29, 36, 39, 43, 47.5 and 48.5 degrees3The diffraction peak of (2) is compared with JCPDS card, and the oyster shell powder type number is PDF # 70-0095.
SEM examination of the prepared oyster shell powder can obtain SEM picture as shown in figure 3. As can be seen from figure 3, the oyster shell powder has a porous and loose sheet-like structure.
Examples 2 to 14 artificial fish reef concrete was prepared according to the method of example 1, and the amounts of the preparation raw materials were added as shown in table 1.
Table 1 examples 1 to 14 amounts of raw materials for preparing artificial fish reef concrete
Figure BDA0002955661190000111
Figure BDA0002955661190000121
Comparative example 1
An artificial fish reef concrete was prepared as in example 1, except that Portland cement P.O 42.5 was 559kg in mass and oyster shell powder was 0 in mass.
Example 15
Putting the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in the examples 1-14 and the comparative example into a cubic mould with the size of 100mm multiplied by 100mm in 3 layers, inserting and tamping 25 times after paving, shaping the mould filled with the artificial fish reef concrete at 23 ℃ for 24 hours, and then removing the mould; and maintaining the product after the mold is removed for 28 days in an environment with the relative humidity of 95% at 20 ℃ to obtain the artificial fish reef.
An actual view of the shaped artificial fish reef concrete prepared from the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 1 is shown in fig. 4, and a sectional view of the shaped artificial fish reef concrete is shown in fig. 5. The shaped artificial fish reef concrete shown in fig. 4 and 5 has a certain porosity and is suitable for the survival of marine organisms.
And (3) detecting the compressive strength:
detecting the compressive strength of the shaped artificial fish reef concrete maintained for 3 days, 7 days and 28 days according to GB/T50081-2016, wherein the results are listed in Table 2, and drawing 6-8 according to the data in Table 2, wherein FIG. 6 is a compressive strength curve diagram of the shaped artificial fish reef concrete maintained for 3 days; FIG. 7 is a compressive strength curve diagram of the artificial fish reef concrete after curing for 7 days and setting; fig. 8 is a compressive strength curve diagram of the artificial fish reef concrete after curing for 28 days and setting. In the figures 6-8, the substitution rate of the recycled aggregate is the mass percentage of the recycled aggregate in the aggregate, and the blending amount of the oyster shell is the mass percentage of the oyster shell powder in the fines.
TABLE 2 compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after setting
Figure BDA0002955661190000122
Figure BDA0002955661190000131
According to SC/T9416-2014 technical Specification for artificial fish reef construction, the compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete after 3 days of maintenance is greater than 10MPa, and the compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete after 28 days of maintenance is greater than 20MPa, so that the mechanical property requirements of the artificial fish reef concrete can be met.
As can be seen from the combination of Table 2 and figures 6-8, the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention can meet the mechanical property requirements of the artificial fish reef concrete.
And (3) detecting the tensile strength:
the tensile strength of the shaped artificial fish reef concrete maintained for 28 days is detected according to GB/T50081-2016, the result is shown in Table 3, FIG. 9 is drawn according to the data in Table 3, the substitution rate of the recycled aggregate is the mass percentage of the recycled aggregate in the aggregate, and the blending amount of the oyster shell is the mass percentage of the oyster shell powder in the fines in FIG. 9.
TABLE 3 tensile Strength of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after curing for 28 days
Figure BDA0002955661190000132
Figure BDA0002955661190000141
Fitting data of compressive strength and tensile strength of the artificial fish reef concrete maintained for 28 days into a linear curve, wherein y is 1/13 x; wherein y is the tensile strength and x is the compressive strength. The linear graph is shown in fig. 10.
According to the combination of the linear curve and the graph 10, a good linear relation exists between the tensile strength and the compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention, and the tensile strength is 1/20-1/10 of the compressive strength, which is similar to the situation of common concrete.
In the present invention, the strength of the artificial fish reef concrete is mainly derived from the adhesive force of cement paste and the internal friction between aggregates.
And (3) detecting the sulfate erosion performance:
sulfate dry-wet cycle tests are carried out on the artificial fish reef concrete after 28-day maintenance according to B/T50082-2009 standard of test method for long-term performance and durability of common concrete, and an HYT-LS-18 full-automatic concrete sulfate dry-wet cycle testing machine is used as an instrument. When the test dry-wet cycle times respectively reach 30 times, 60 times and 90 times, taking out the test piece and carrying out the concrete compressive strength test together with the test piece subjected to standard curing in the same age period; the sulfate erosion resistance of the concrete is characterized by the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient, the results are listed in table 4, and figures 11-13 are drawn according to the data of table 4, wherein figure 11 is a compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient histogram of 30 times of dry-wet cycle; FIG. 12 is a bar graph of compressive strength and corrosion resistance for 60 cycles of dry and wet cycles; FIG. 13 is a bar graph of compressive strength and corrosion resistance for 90 cycles of wet and dry cycles. In the figures 11-13, the substitution rate of the recycled aggregate is the mass percentage of the recycled aggregate in the aggregate, and the blending amount of the oyster shell is the mass percentage of the oyster shell powder in the fines.
The compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient is calculated according to the formula (1):
Kf＝fn/f0x 100% formula (1)
Wherein, KfThe coefficient of compression strength and corrosion resistance; f. ofnThe measured value of the compressive strength of a group of artificial fish reef concrete samples is MPa after n times of sulfate dry-wet cycles; f. of0The compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete test piece with the same proportion is measured in MPa under standard curing in the same age period.
TABLE 4 compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficients of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after being soaked in sulfate after being maintained for 28 days
Figure BDA0002955661190000151
According to the requirements of GB/T50082-2009 test method standards for long-term performance and durability of common concrete, it can be known that the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of the artificial fish reef concrete is not less than 0.75, and by combining table 4 and figures 11-13, the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention meets the sulfate corrosion resistance of the artificial fish reef concrete.
And (3) low-temperature performance detection:
placing the artificial fish reef concrete after 28 days of maintenance in an EU-02KA type high-low temperature test box, setting the temperature to be 2 ℃, respectively placing for 30 days, 60 days and 90 days, taking out the artificial fish reef concrete, and performing concrete compressive strength tests together with the artificial fish reef concrete which is not stored at low temperature after 28 days of maintenance. The low-temperature performance of the concrete is characterized by the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient, the results are listed in table 5, and fig. 14-16 are drawn according to the data of table 5, wherein fig. 14 is a compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient histogram of the concrete placed at low temperature for 30 days; FIG. 15 is a bar graph of compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient after being left at low temperature for 60 days; FIG. 16 is a bar graph of compressive strength and corrosion resistance at low temperature for 90 days. In the figures 14-16, the substitution rate of the recycled aggregate is the mass percentage of the recycled aggregate in the aggregate, and the blending amount of the oyster shell is the mass percentage of the oyster shell powder in the fines.
The compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of the low-temperature treatment is calculated according to the formula (2):
Kf＝fn/f0x 100% formula (2)
Wherein, KfCompression strength and corrosion resistance coefficient,%; f. ofnThe measured value of the compressive strength of a group of artificial fish reef concrete samples after n times of sulfate dry-wet cycles is MPa; f. of0The compressive strength of the artificial fish reef concrete test piece with the same mixing ratio under standard curing in the same age period is measured in MPa.
TABLE 5 compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficients of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1 after curing for 28 days and low-temperature treatment
Figure BDA0002955661190000161
Figure BDA0002955661190000171
According to the requirements of GB/T50082-2009 test method standards for long-term performance and durability of common concrete, it can be known that the compressive strength and corrosion resistance coefficient of the artificial fish reef concrete subjected to low-temperature treatment is not less than 0.75, and by combining table 5 and figures 14-16, the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention meets the low-temperature performance of the artificial fish reef concrete.
And (3) detecting the pH value of the concrete dissolution liquid of the artificial fish reef:
soaking the artificial fish reef concrete maintained for 28 days in prepared artificial seawater (prepared by mixing instant seawater crystals and water according to a mass ratio of 1: 30), replacing the seawater every 24h, and measuring the pH of the artificial fish reef concrete dissolution liquid by using a pH test pen at a fixed time every day. The results are shown in Table 6, and a dot line graph is shown in FIG. 17 based on the data in Table 6.
TABLE 6 pH of the dissolution liquid after curing the concrete for 28 days for the artificial fish reef prepared in examples 1 to 14 and comparative example 1
Figure BDA0002955661190000172
Figure BDA0002955661190000181
During the hydration process of cement, various alkaline substances such as calcium silicate, calcium hydroxide and the like are released, so that the pH value of seawater is increased. As can be seen from table 6 and fig. 17, after the artificial fish reef concrete provided by the present invention is soaked for 7 days, the pH of the artificial fish reef concrete leachate is significantly reduced, and the survival conditions of marine organisms are satisfied. The artificial fish reef concrete provided by the invention has the advantages that the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef concrete is reduced, the ecological performance is better, the utilization rate of oyster shells is improved, the cement consumption is reduced, and the production cost is greatly reduced.
And (3) detecting the microstructure of the artificial fish reef concrete:
maintaining the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in the examples 1, 2, 8 and 14 and the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in the comparative example 1 for 3 days and 28 days respectively, and performing SEM detection to obtain corresponding SEM images, wherein the SEM images are shown in FIGS. 18-22; wherein, fig. 18 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 1 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein a is the SEM image of 3 days of maintenance, and b is the SEM image of 28 days of maintenance; FIG. 19 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 2 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein c is the SEM image of the maintained for 3 days, and d is the SEM image of the maintained for 28 days; FIG. 20 is SEM pictures of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 8 after 3 days and 28 days of curing, wherein e is the SEM picture of 3 days of curing and f is the SEM picture of 28 days of curing; FIG. 21 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in example 14 after 3 days and 28 days of curing, wherein g is the SEM image of 3 days of curing and h is the SEM image of 28 days of curing; FIG. 22 is SEM images of the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in comparative example 1 maintained for 3 days and 28 days, respectively, wherein m is the SEM image of the 3 days of maintenance and n is the SEM image of the 28 days of maintenance.
As can be seen from fig. 18 to 22, the artificial fish reef concrete interface prepared in comparative example 1 is dense and has no large number of pores and cracks; in the artificial fish reef concrete prepared in the embodiments 1, 2, 8 and 14, a boundary exists between the oyster shell powder and the cement, and the boundary has obvious cracks, the structure is layered, and more pores and cracks exist, so that the porosity of the artificial fish reef concrete is increased.
The invention uses the recycled aggregate to replace part of the natural aggregate and the oyster shell powder to replace part of the cement, thereby effectively solving the problem of low utilization rate of solid waste, improving the problem of environmental pollution caused by construction waste and oyster shell, reducing the exploitation of the natural aggregate and saving resources. The invention reduces the alkalinity of the artificial fish reef concrete and improves the compatibility with the ocean on the premise of ensuring that the artificial fish reef concrete has good mechanical property and durability.
Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the above embodiments, it is only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, not all of the embodiments, and other embodiments can be obtained without inventive step according to the embodiments, and the embodiments are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. An ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing various solid wastes comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure FDA0002955661180000011
the aggregate comprises natural aggregate and/or recycled aggregate, and the recycled aggregate accounts for 0-100% of the mass of the aggregate; the recycled aggregate is prepared from construction waste;
the fine material comprises cement or a mixture of the cement and oyster shell powder, and the weight percentage of the oyster shell powder in the mixture of the cement and the oyster shell powder is less than or equal to 40 percent;
the recycled aggregate and the oyster shell powder cannot be 0 at the same time.
2. The artificial fish reef concrete of claim 1, wherein when the recycled aggregate accounts for 25% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight:
Figure FDA0002955661180000012
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 50% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure FDA0002955661180000013
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 75% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure FDA0002955661180000021
when the recycled aggregate accounts for 100% of the aggregate by mass, the artificial fish reef concrete comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by mass:
Figure FDA0002955661180000022
3. the artificial fish reef concrete of claim 1 or 2 wherein the oyster shell powder has a particle size of 1000 μm or less and a specific surface area of 0.219 to 0.313m2(ii)/g, the apparent density is 3000-3100 kg/m3。
4. The artificial fish reef concrete of claim 1 or 2 wherein the natural aggregate is crushed stone of natural granite.
5. The artificial fish reef concrete of claim 1 or 2 wherein the water reducing agent comprises an aliphatic water reducing agent, and the pH value of the water reducing agent is 7.5-8.3.
6. The artificial fish reef concrete of claim 1 or 2 wherein the cement is Portland cement P.O 42.5.
7. A method for preparing the artificial fish reef concrete as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6, which comprises the steps of:
and mixing the aggregate, the fine materials, the water reducing agent and water to obtain the ecological artificial fish reef concrete utilizing the various solid wastes.
8. The method of claim 7, wherein when the fine material includes oyster shell powder, the mixing includes the steps of:
carrying out first mixing on cement, water and a water reducing agent to obtain cement slurry;
secondly mixing the cement slurry and the oyster shell powder to obtain mixed slurry;
and performing third mixing on the mixed slurry and the aggregate.
9. The method of claim 8, wherein the first mixing, the second mixing, and the third mixing are performed under stirring.
10. The method of claim 9, wherein the first mixing is performed at a stirring speed of 40 to 50r/min for 55 to 65 s;
the stirring speed of the second mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 55-65 s;
the stirring speed of the third mixing is 40-50 r/min, and the time is 85-95 s.
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