CN111470840B - Stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN111470840B CN111470840B CN202010329584.2A CN202010329584A CN111470840B CN 111470840 B CN111470840 B CN 111470840B CN 202010329584 A CN202010329584 A CN 202010329584A CN 111470840 B CN111470840 B CN 111470840B
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/24—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing alkyl, ammonium or metal silicates; containing silica sols
- C04B28/26—Silicates of the alkali metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/50—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials
- C04B41/5076—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements with inorganic materials with masses bonded by inorganic cements
- C04B41/5089—Silica sols, alkyl, ammonium or alkali metal silicate cements
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
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- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00956—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for making sculptures or artistic casts
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- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/72—Repairing or restoring existing buildings or building materials
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of cultural relic protection, and particularly relates to a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and a preparation method thereof. The method aims to solve the problem that the stone cultural relic repair material in the prior art is difficult to meet the basic principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relic. The invention provides a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material which comprises aggregate and a cementing material, wherein the aggregate comprises rock powder the same as a repaired stone cultural relic body, and the particle size of the rock powder is 60-100 meshes; the cementing agent is potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, and the concentration of the cementing agent is 18-24 percent; the mass ratio of the aggregate to the cementing material is 1 (0.3-0.6). The repairing material not only plays a role in reinforcing, but also changes the cementation state of the deteriorated surface of the stone cultural relic, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the surface of the stone cultural relic, completely meeting the basic principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relic and providing a novel material for repairing cracks of the stone cultural relic.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of cultural relic protection, and particularly relates to a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The stone cultural relics are important components of cultural heritage in China, play an important role in writing splendid civilization in China, and record the change of the culture and history in China. Many large stone cultural relics exposed in the field, such as buildings, caverns, steles, carved stones, and the like, have serious deterioration phenomena on the surfaces of the cultural relics due to the weathering effect of natural factors and the destructive effect of human factors. Many precious records will no longer exist if no effective measures are taken. The development of a stone cultural relic protection functional material with good performance is one of the urgent tasks in the field of cultural relic protection research.
The conventional common stone cultural relic repairing material is difficult to achieve coordination and consistency on the surface of the whole cultural relic after construction is finished, particularly the surface of the sandstone of granular solid has certain roughness after weathering, so that the conventional repairing material is difficult to achieve the requirement of 'unable to change the original basic principle of the cultural relic'. The invention discloses a silicate reinforcing material, which is prepared by using auxiliary materials of fly ash, cast stone powder or diatomite to perform grouting reinforcement on porous and loose conglomerate rock body cracks in a dry environment, but the implementation effect of the invention is difficult to meet the basic principle of not changing the original state of cultural relics.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the above problems in the prior art, namely to solve the problem that the stone cultural relic repair material in the prior art is difficult to meet the basic principle of not changing the original shape of the cultural relic, the invention provides a stone cultural relic surface repair material in a first aspect, wherein the repair material comprises aggregate and cementing material, and the repair material comprises aggregate and cementing material
The aggregate comprises rock powder with the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone cultural relic body, and the particle size of the rock powder is 60-100 meshes;
the cementing agent is potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, and the concentration of the cementing agent is 18-24 percent;
the mass ratio of the aggregate to the cementing material is 1 (0.3-0.6).
The second aspect of the invention provides a preparation method of a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, determining the physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone cultural relic, selecting a rock sample with the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone cultural relic, and crushing the rock sample into rock fragments with the particle size of 60-100 meshes for later use;
step S200, preparing a potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is adjusted based on the crack to be repaired of the repaired stone cultural relic;
and S300, uniformly mixing the rock debris and the potassium silicate solution according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.3-0.6) to obtain the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material.
In some preferred embodiments, the step S100 of "breaking the rock sample into rock fragments for use" specifically includes the following steps:
step S110, adding water into the rock sample for softening, and saturating the rock sample;
step S120, dispersing the fully saturated rock sample into rock debris with the particle size of 60-100 meshes;
and S130, drying the rock debris for later use.
In some preferred embodiments, the "physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone relic" in step S100 can be obtained by rock identification, XRD or SEM.
In some preferred technical schemes, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 18-24%.
The invention provides an application of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material in repairing a stone cultural relic surface crack.
The invention further provides a use method of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material, which comprises the following steps:
step A100, cleaning the surface of a crack of a repaired stone cultural relic, and naturally drying the crack;
step A200, filling the crack repairing material on the surface of the stone cultural relic into the crack;
step A300, when the crack is deep, executing the step A200 in a layered mode, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 10mm, the upper layer is filled after the lower layer is completely air-dried, and the surface of the crack after filling is not higher than the two sides of the crack;
and step A400, setting a waterproof device for the repaired stone cultural relic within 48 hours after the repairing process and the repairing are finished.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and the preparation method thereof are suitable for repairing the surface crack of the stone cultural relic. The potassium silicate in the repairing material not only plays a role in reinforcing the surface deterioration phenomenon of the stone cultural relic, but also changes the cementation state of the deteriorated surface of the stone cultural relic, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the surface of the stone cultural relic, completely meeting the basic principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relic and providing a novel material for repairing cracks of the stone cultural relic.
The aggregate adopted in the repairing material is rock powder which is the same as the cultural relic body, and the color of the repaired part is basically consistent with the surface of the whole cultural relic. In addition, in the using process, the change of the pores can be adjusted through the change of the particle size of the rock debris (the particle size is 60-100 meshes), so that the repaired part is basically the same as the pores of the cultural relic body, and the compatibility of the reinforcing material and the cultural relic body is ensured.
The material for repairing the cracks on the surface of the stone cultural relic has the advantages of easily available raw materials, low cost and simple operation, and can obtain good reinforcement effect in the protection of the stone cultural relic such as sandstone. And the aggregate, the cementing agent and the viscosity are considered in the preparation process, so that the prepared material has high safety, good durability, moderate strength, good recyclability and environmental protection.
Drawings
Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading of the following detailed description of non-limiting embodiments thereof, made with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating the effect of a repairing material for cracks on the surface of a stone relic, which is applied to the repairing material according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 2 is a diagram showing the effect of the repairing material for the crack on the surface of the stone relic, which is disclosed by the embodiment of the invention.
Detailed Description
In order to make the embodiments, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more obvious, the technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that these embodiments are only for explaining the technical principle of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
The invention provides a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material which comprises aggregate and a cementing material, wherein the aggregate comprises rock powder the same as a repaired stone cultural relic body, and the particle size of the rock powder is 60-100 meshes; the cementing agent is potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, and the concentration of the cementing agent is 18-24 percent; the mass ratio of the aggregate to the cementing material is 1 (0.3-0.6).
The stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material comprises aggregate and cementing material, wherein the mass ratio of the aggregate to the cementing material is 1 (0.3-0.6) by weight, namely 30-60 g of cementing material is added into every 100 g of aggregate. In the repair material, when the mass proportion of the cementing material is lower, the obtained repair material slurry is thicker and has higher early strength; when the cement has a low mass specific gravity, the resulting repair material slurry has a higher fluidity. When the actual repairing material is used, firstly, repairing slurry with low liquidity is used for pointing, a grouting hole is reserved, after pointing is completed, repairing slurry with high liquidity is used for grouting, grouting is performed in a bottom-up grouting direction, and the grouting hole is removed after crack grouting is completed.
The cementing material in the repairing material adopts a high-modulus potassium silicate solution, so that the thermal conductivity of the soil body of the earthen site can be reduced, and the mechanical strength and the wind erosion resistance of the soil body are greatly improved. The high-modulus potassium silicate solution is matched and combined with the aggregate to prepare the grouting repairing material on the surface of the stone cultural relic, the aggregate adopts the powder which is the same as the repaired stone cultural relic body, so that the repairing material can be compatible with the repaired stone cultural relic body on one hand, and the mechanical strength of the repaired stone cultural relic can be enhanced on the other hand, so that the repairing material is tightly and firmly combined with the repaired stone cultural relic body, simultaneously, the original shape of the cultural relic can not be changed after the repairing, and the repairing principle of the stone cultural relic is met.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the following embodiments:
1. test materials
In the embodiment, the siltstone in Chengdu Sushui mountain village and external temple is used as the repairing case, the siltstone is mainly fine-grained sandstone, the sandstone used in the experiment is selected from Chengdu, the basic physical and mechanical properties of the sandstone are shown in Table 1, the potassium silicate solution is produced by cultural relic protection and repair center in Gansu province, the modulus is 3.8, and the concentration is 24.3 percent
TABLE 1 basic physicomechanical Properties of the test rock samples
2. Sample preparation
Soaking the sandstone sample in water, softening, crushing into large particles with the particle size less than or equal to 20mm, grinding the large particles on a rubber plate by using wood (the particles are prevented from being damaged during grinding), and finally drying for later use. The dried rock powder and potassium silicate stock solution (modulus 3.8, concentration 24.3%) were slurried at a water-cement ratio of 0.35, and samples were made using steel test molds. Testing the shrinkage rate, the bending resistance and the compressive strength of a sample with the specification of 40mm multiplied by 160 mm; the wave velocity, the water content, the density and the porosity of a sample with the specification of 70.7mm multiplied by 70.7mm are tested, and each test is used for preparing a parallel sample for standby according to the test requirement.
3. Test method
And (4) standing the repair slurry in a steel test mold for 24 hours, demolding, and naturally air-drying the sample in a room after demolding, wherein the sample is numbered as GS- (S). The method for testing the fracture resistance and the compressive strength refers to GB/T17671-1999 method for testing the strength of cement mortar (ISO method); the wave velocity and shrinkage test method is carried out according to JGJ/T70-2009 building mortar basic performance test method standard; the test methods of the water content, the density and the porosity are carried out according to GB/T50123-1999 Standard test methods for soil engineering. And finally, performing chromaticity test by using a model NR20XE color difference meter.
4. Test results
4.1 fundamental physico-mechanical Properties of the samples are shown in Table 2
Table 2 basic physical properties of the samples
4.2 color test
The colorimetric test of the present invention is described in detail in the following field test, wherein the test site is selected to be performed on the fourth dopester from south to north in the Chengdan temple as shown in FIG. 1. Firstly, the dropped rock is selected to be softened, ground and dried. And (3) carrying out particle size test by using an analysis sieve, selecting rock sample powder with proper particle size based on an analysis result after the test, mixing a potassium silicate solution (the modulus is 3.8 and the concentration is 24.3%) and the rock sample powder into thick slurry with the water-cement ratio of 0.35 to seal a crack, and pouring the semi-flowing slurry with the water-cement ratio of 0.42 in the crack.
After the slurry is completely solidified and air-dried, the repairing effect is shown in figure 2, the chromaticity test is carried out, the result is shown in table 3,
TABLE 3 color test
The test structure shows that compared with a fresh rock sample, the GS- (S) concretion body has the advantages of smaller block density, slightly smaller wave velocity, larger porosity, larger permeability coefficient, smaller breaking resistance, bending resistance and compressive strength under the condition of basically the same water content. Research shows that the difference value of the distinguishable chromaticities of human eyes is 3.6-4.1, and the chromaticity difference between the GS- (S) stone body and the No. 4 splint stone is 2.14, and the color of the stone cultural relic repaired by the repairing material is basically similar to that of the stone cultural relic repaired by the repairing material. After 5 years of observation, the site test of the stone cultural relics repaired by the repairing material meets the requirements of maximum compatibility and minimum intervention with the site rock mass, and has good performance matching and weather resistance.
It should be noted that, in the actual operation of the rock mass dropped from the aggregate source in this embodiment, the physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone relic can be obtained through rock and ore identification, XRD (X-ray diffraction technique) or SEM (scanning electron microscope), and then a rock sample having the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone relic is selected.
The invention also provides a preparation method of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material, which comprises the following steps:
s100, determining the physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone cultural relic, selecting a rock sample with the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone cultural relic, and crushing the rock sample into rock fragments with the particle size of 60-100 meshes for later use; specifically, adding water into the rock sample for softening, fully saturating the rock sample, dispersing the fully saturated rock sample into rock debris with the particle size of 60-100 meshes, and drying the rock debris for later use;
step S200, preparing a potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is adjusted based on the crack to be repaired of the repaired stone cultural relic;
and S300, uniformly mixing the rock debris and the potassium silicate solution according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.3-0.6) to obtain the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material.
Further, in some preferred embodiments, the "physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone relic" in the step S100 can be obtained by rock identification, XRD or SEM.
The invention provides a use method of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material, which comprises the following steps:
step A100, cleaning the surface of the crack of the repaired stone cultural relic with purified water, and naturally drying;
step A200, filling the crack repairing material on the surface of the stone cultural relic into the crack by using a steel repairing knife, and slightly applying pressure;
step A300, when the crack is deep, adding in layers, namely, repeatedly performing the step A200 in layers, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 10mm, filling the upper layer after the lower layer is completely air-dried, and the surface of the crack after filling is not higher than the two sides of the crack;
and step A400, ensuring that the repaired stone cultural relics cannot be drenched by rain in the repairing process and 48 hours after the repairing is finished. Namely, waterproof measures are taken for the repaired stone cultural relics within 48 hours after the repairing process and the repairing are completed.
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples.
Example 1
Firstly, selecting sandstone blocks, cutting the sandstone blocks into a plurality of sample blocks with the size of 50mm multiplied by 25mm by a rock cutting machine, taking a first group of sample blocks (3) and washing the sample blocks with purified water, and then naturally drying the sample blocks indoors for later use. Crushing the rest sandstone blocks into sandstone fragments with the diameter less than or equal to 20mm by using a crusher, collecting all the sandstone fragments, placing the sandstone fragments in a stainless steel container, pouring purified water into the container until the sandstone fragments are submerged, and standing for 24 hours. The water and sandstone pieces in the stainless steel container are then poured into a filter funnel, the water on the surface of the sandstone pieces is drained, and the sandstone pieces are placed on a rubber plate and ground by wood. Collecting the dispersed sandstone powder, drying to constant weight (drying time is not less than 8 hours) at 105 ℃ in a drying oven, sieving with a 60-mesh sieve, and collecting the sandstone powder under the sieve for later use.
Taking 1 part by mass of the prepared sandstone powder, taking 0.3 part by mass of potassium silicate solution (modulus is 3.8, concentration is 24%), and uniformly stirring in a stirrer to obtain repair slurry. And filling the first group of cut sample blocks into one side of the large surface of each sample block, wherein the repair slurry is uniformly stirred and has the thickness of 10mm, the first group of sample blocks after being added is 50mm multiplied by 35mm, then the first group of sample blocks are naturally dried indoors for 3 days and then placed into a site, and after the first group of sample blocks are placed in the site for 1 year, the first group of sample blocks are taken back for direct tensile test. And (3) forming the repair slurry which is uniformly stirred in a steel test mould, demoulding after 24 hours, and naturally drying the demoulded sample indoors for 28 days for testing.
The indoor test result of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and the preparation method thereof is as follows: the water content is 2.5 percent after the indoor natural air drying for 28 days, the block density is 1.843g/cm3, the wave speed is 2661m/s, the porosity is 29.94 percent, the breaking strength is 4.38MPa, and the compressive strength is 16.95 MPa. The physical and mechanical properties of the repair slurry prepared by the invention as a repair material of the stone cultural relic are closely related to the reinforcement effect, and the detection shows that the physical properties of the solidified body of the repair slurry prepared by the invention are close to those of the selected sandstone sample block, and the fracture resistance and the pressure resistance of the repair slurry are slightly lower than those of the fresh sandstone.
The field test effect is as follows: and taking back the first group of sample blocks which are placed on site for 1 year to perform uniaxial tensile test, wherein the average tensile strength is 0.43MPa, the color of the filled part is basically consistent with that of the sandstone sample blocks, the compatibility is good, and the bonding effect is completely achieved.
Example 2
Firstly, selecting sandstone blocks, cutting the sandstone blocks into sample blocks with the size of 50mm multiplied by 25mm by a rock cutting machine, taking a second group of sample blocks (3), washing the sample blocks with purified water, and naturally drying the sample blocks indoors for later use. Crushing the rest sandstone blocks into sandstone fragments with the diameter less than or equal to 20mm by using a crusher, collecting all the sandstone fragments, placing the sandstone fragments in a stainless steel container, pouring purified water into the container until the sandstone fragments are submerged, and standing for 24 hours. The water and sandstone pieces in the stainless steel container are then poured into a filter funnel, the water on the surface of the sandstone pieces is drained, and the sandstone pieces are placed on a rubber plate and ground by wood. Collecting the dispersed sandstone powder, drying to constant weight (drying time is not less than 8 hours) at 105 ℃ in a drying oven, sieving with an 80-mesh sieve, and collecting the sandstone powder under the sieve for later use.
Taking 1 part by mass of the prepared sandstone powder, taking 0.3 part by mass of potassium silicate solution (modulus is 3.8, concentration is 24%), and uniformly stirring in a stirrer to obtain repair slurry. And (3) filling the second group of cut sample blocks into the large-surface side of the sample blocks, uniformly stirring the repair slurry with the thickness of 10mm, naturally drying the second group of filled sample blocks for 3 days indoors and then putting the second group of sample blocks into a site, and taking back the second group of sample blocks after the second group of sample blocks are placed in the site for 1 year to perform direct tensile test. And (3) forming the uniformly stirred slurry in a steel test die, demolding after 24 hours, and naturally drying the demolded sample indoors for 28 days for testing.
The indoor test result of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and the preparation method thereof is as follows: the water content is 2.3 percent, the block density is 1.852g/cm3, the wave velocity is 2678m/s, the porosity is 28.41 percent, the breaking strength is 4.05MPa, and the compressive strength is 15.77MPa after indoor natural air drying for 28 days. The physical and mechanical properties of the repair slurry prepared by the invention as a repair material of the stone cultural relic are closely related to the reinforcement effect, and the detection shows that the repair slurry solidified body prepared by the invention is close to the physical properties of the selected sandstone sample block, and the fracture resistance and the pressure resistance are slightly lower than those of fresh sandstone.
The field test effect is as follows: and taking back the second group of sample blocks which are placed on site for 1 year to carry out uniaxial tensile test, wherein the average tensile strength is 0.38MPa, the color of the filled part is basically consistent with that of the sandstone sample blocks, the compatibility is good, and the bonding effect is completely achieved.
Example 3
Firstly, selecting sandstone blocks, cutting the sandstone blocks into sample blocks with the size of 50mm multiplied by 25mm by a rock cutting machine, taking a third group of sample blocks (3), washing the sample blocks with purified water, and naturally drying the sample blocks indoors for later use. Crushing the rest sandstone blocks into sandstone fragments with the diameter less than or equal to 20mm by using a crusher, collecting all the sandstone fragments, placing the sandstone fragments in a stainless steel container, pouring purified water into the container until the sandstone fragments are submerged, and standing for 24 hours. The water and sandstone pieces in the stainless steel container are then poured into a filter funnel, the water on the surface of the sandstone pieces is drained, and the sandstone pieces are placed on a rubber plate and ground by wood. Collecting the dispersed sandstone powder, drying to constant weight (drying time is not less than 8 hours) at 105 ℃ in a drying oven, sieving with a 100-mesh sieve, and collecting the sandstone powder under the sieve for later use.
Taking 1 part by mass of the prepared sandstone powder, taking 0.3 part by mass of potassium silicate solution (modulus is 3.8, concentration is 24%), and uniformly stirring in a stirrer to obtain repair slurry. And filling the cut third group of sample blocks into the large-surface side of the sample blocks, wherein the repair slurry is uniformly stirred and has the thickness of 10mm, the added third group of sample blocks is 50mm multiplied by 35mm, then naturally drying the third group of sample blocks indoors for 3 days, putting the third group of sample blocks into a site, and taking back the third group of sample blocks after the third group of sample blocks are placed in the site for 1 year for direct tensile test. And (3) forming the repair slurry which is uniformly stirred in a steel test mould, demoulding after 24 hours, and naturally drying the demoulded sample indoors for 28 days for testing.
The indoor test result of the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and the preparation method thereof is as follows: the water content is 2.5 percent after the indoor natural air drying for 28 days, the block density is 1.859g/cm3, the wave velocity is 2695m/s, the porosity is 27.56 percent, the breaking strength is 3.82MPa, and the compressive strength is 14.01 MPa. The physical and mechanical properties of the repair slurry prepared by the invention as a repair material for the stone relic are closely related to the reinforcement effect, and the physical properties of the repair slurry solidified body prepared by the invention are close to those of the selected sandstone sample block through detection, and the fracture resistance and the compressive strength of the repair slurry solidified body are slightly lower than those of the fresh sandstone.
The field test effect is as follows: and taking back a third group of sample blocks which are placed on site for 1 year to perform uniaxial tensile test, wherein the average tensile strength is 0.30MPa, the color of the filled part is basically consistent with that of the sandstone sample blocks, the compatibility is good, and the bonding effect is completely achieved.
It should be noted that, the aggregate formation process needs to be processed according to the processes of softening by adding water, grinding and drying. Generally, the water is added for softening, a vacuum pumping method is adopted, after the rock is fully saturated, the rock is ground and dried (the drying time is generally 12 hours). The operation processes in the embodiment are all preferred embodiments, and for the specific practical application, the particle size of the aggregate during the restoration of the stone cultural relic surface fracture restoration material can be determined according to the characteristics of the fracture to be restored such as opening degree, undulation degree and filling, so that the specific operation modes are different.
Finally, the above examples are only preferred examples for clearly illustrating the present invention, and are not intended to limit the testing conditions, and other different testing conditions or variations (such as modulus of potassium silicate solution, concentration of potassium silicate solution, rock type and granularity) can be performed based on the above tests, and the variations or variations thus introduced are still within the scope of the present invention. For example, the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is adjusted to 18%, other steps and material components are unchanged, the effect of the obtained repairing material on repairing the surface cracks of the stone cultural relics is the same as that of the embodiment by adopting the method, and the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is required to be adjusted according to the repairing requirement when the repairing material for repairing the surface cracks of the stone cultural relics is practically applied, and the concentration range is 18-24%. The invention has the innovation points that the high-modulus potassium silicate solution (the modulus is 3.8) and the rock powder (the stone cultural relic body rock) with the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone cultural relic body form the crack grouting repair material, and the most prominent characteristics are that the crack grouting repair material is compatible with the cultural relic body and the mechanical strength is guaranteed. At present, the crack grouting of the stone cultural relics has no relevant standards and specifications, and the field repair work is mostly the proportion determined by indoor test screening, field test and experience. The essence of the stone cultural relic surface crack repair material lies in the components per se, the technical problem is solved only by the selection of the components, and the content of the components can be determined by the skilled person according to the prior art or through simple experiments. The raw material proportion of the invention needs to be determined according to the fracture characteristics of the stone cultural relic to be repaired on site, so the content can not be limited.
In the technical solution in the embodiment of the present application, at least the following technical effects and advantages are provided:
the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material and the preparation method thereof are suitable for repairing the surface crack of the stone cultural relic. The potassium silicate in the repairing material not only plays a role in reinforcing the surface deterioration phenomenon of the stone cultural relic, but also changes the cementation state of the deteriorated surface of the stone cultural relic, thereby improving the mechanical strength of the surface of the stone cultural relic, completely meeting the basic principle of not changing the original state of the cultural relic and providing a novel material for repairing cracks of the stone cultural relic.
The aggregate adopted in the repairing material is rock powder which is the same as the cultural relic body, and the color of the repaired part is basically consistent with the surface of the whole cultural relic. In addition, in the using process, the change of the pores can be adjusted through the change of the particle size of the rock debris (the particle size is 60-100 meshes), so that the repaired part is basically the same as the pores of the cultural relic body, and the compatibility of the reinforcing material and the cultural relic body is ensured.
The repairing material has the advantages of simple and easily obtained raw materials, low cost, simple operation in the preparation process and good reinforcing effect in the protection of sandstone cultural relics and the like. And the aggregate, the cementing agent and the viscosity are considered in the preparation process, so that the prepared material has high safety, good durability, moderate strength, good recyclability and environmental protection.
It should be noted that in the description of the present invention, the term "comprises/comprising" or any other similar terms is intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, so that a process, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed or inherent to such process, article, or apparatus.
The technical solutions of the present invention have been described so far in connection with the preferred embodiments of the examples, but it is readily understood by those skilled in the art that the scope of the present invention is obviously not limited to these specific embodiments. Equivalent changes or substitutions of related technical features can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention, and the technical scheme after the changes or substitutions can fall into the protection scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. A preparation method of a stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s100, determining the physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone cultural relic, selecting a rock sample with the same physical and mechanical properties as the repaired stone cultural relic, and crushing the rock sample into rock fragments with the particle size of 60-100 meshes for later use;
step S200, preparing a potassium silicate solution with the modulus of 3.8, wherein the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is adjusted based on the crack to be repaired of the repaired stone cultural relic, and the concentration of the potassium silicate solution is 18-24%;
and S300, uniformly mixing the rock debris and the potassium silicate solution according to the mass ratio of 1 (0.3-0.6) to obtain the stone cultural relic surface crack repairing material.
2. The method for preparing the material for repairing the surface cracks of the stone relics, according to the claim 1, wherein the step S100 of crushing the rock sample into rock debris with the grain size of 60-100 meshes for standby comprises the following steps:
step S110, adding water into the rock sample for softening, and saturating the rock sample;
step S120, dispersing the fully saturated rock sample into rock debris with the particle size of 60-100 meshes;
and S130, drying the rock debris for later use.
3. The method for preparing the material for repairing the cracks on the surface of the stone relic, according to the claim 2, wherein the "physical and mechanical properties of the repaired stone relic" in the step S100 can be obtained by rock and mineral identification, XRD or SEM.
4. Use of a stone cultural relic surface fracture repair material as defined in any one of claims 1 to 3 for repairing a stone cultural relic surface fracture.
5. A method for using the stone relic surface crack repairing material based on any one of the claims 1 to 3, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A100, cleaning the surface of a crack of a repaired stone cultural relic, and naturally drying the crack;
step A200, filling the crack repairing material on the surface of the stone cultural relic into the crack;
step A300, when the crack is deep, executing the step A200 in a layered mode, wherein the thickness of each layer is less than or equal to 10mm, the upper layer is filled after the lower layer is completely air-dried, and the surface of the crack after filling is not higher than the two sides of the crack;
and step A400, setting a waterproof device for the repaired stone cultural relic within 48 hours after the repairing process and the repairing are finished.
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| CN113045337A (en) * | 2021-03-11 | 2021-06-29 | 中漆髹缮文化发展(北京)有限公司 | Method for repairing and protecting surface of stone cultural relic |
| CN113442437A (en) * | 2021-06-15 | 2021-09-28 | 河南朴之原建筑肌理研究院有限公司 | Method for making movable ornaments and artworks from stone cultural relics |
| CN115849810A (en) * | 2022-11-30 | 2023-03-28 | 国文科保(北京)新材料科技开发有限公司 | Stone cultural relic surface layer crack repairing material and preparation method thereof |
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