CN112875871A - Nitrogen interception and reuse method based on periphyton in rice field - Google Patents
Nitrogen interception and reuse method based on periphyton in rice field Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a nitrogen interception and reuse method based on periphyton in a rice field. After rice is transplanted, the prepared carrier is used for inducing the growth of periphyton in the rice field, and the nitrogen loss of the rice field is reduced by storing nitrogen in the periphyton in the period; after the spike fertilizer is applied, terbutryn is used as a periphyton apoptosis inducer to induce the apoptosis of periphyton in the rice field, induce the release of nitrogen in periphyton, realize the resupply of the nitrogen to the rice, finally realize the resupply of the nitrogen while reducing the loss of the nitrogen, serve the rice production and improve the rice yield. The method provided by the invention is convenient to operate and good in effect, the preparation method of the artificial carrier is convenient and simple, the application and operation method of the artificial carrier is convenient, the terbutryn is sprayed to be similar to rice field pesticide spraying, the operation method is simple and convenient, the nitrogen release can be induced by the application of the artificial carrier, the rice nitrogen fertilizer is resupplied, and the rice yield is finally improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural non-point source pollution control and crop production, and particularly relates to a method for artificially regulating and controlling the growth and apoptosis of periphyton in a rice field by jointly using an artificial carrier and terbutryn, intercepting the loss of nitrogen in the rice field through nitrogen storage, promoting the recycling of nitrogen, finally realizing the reduction of the loss of the nitrogen in the rice field and promoting the yield increase of rice.
Background
Agricultural non-point source pollution has great treatment difficulty due to the characteristics of dispersibility, randomness, concealment and the like, and the environmental pressure on soil, water and air is increased. At present, agricultural non-point source pollution becomes one of the main reasons for worsening the ecological environment of rural areas in China and seriously restricting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. In a plurality of agricultural productions, the loss of the nitrogen in the paddy field due to the special cultivation mode becomes an important pollution source of agricultural non-point source pollution.
Researchers have developed a variety of ecological engineering techniques including constructed wetlands, vegetation filtration zones, buffer zones and the like for a long time and are used for the control of the loss of nitrogen in rice fields. However, due to various disadvantages of the prior art, such as large occupied area and low treatment efficiency, the above techniques are difficult to be widely popularized and applied in areas with prominent human and spear. In addition, the non-point source pollution prevention and control technology is developed slowly in recent years, most of work is to optimize and improve the old technology, and the novel technology with application and popularization is less. Therefore, the development of a novel nitrogen interception technology is urgent, and in addition, if the intercepted nitrogen can be reused in rice production, the increase in yield of rice can be promoted, so that the novel technology with the nitrogen interception and nitrogen reuse functions has higher practicability and applicability.
Based on the theory of process interception, we expect to develop a novel ecological technology to realize the process interception and the reutilization of nitrogen by taking the microorganism aggregate growing on the soil-water interface of the rice field, namely the periphyton of the rice field as a breakthrough. Specifically, nitrogen loss is reduced by inducing nitrogen storage of periphyton in the rice field in the early growth stage of rice, periphyton apoptosis is induced in the late growth stage of rice to release nitrogen, and the periphyton is used for rice production, so that the nitrogen loss is intercepted, and the rice yield is improved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for intercepting and recycling nitrogen based on periphyton in a rice field aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
a nitrogen interception and reuse method based on rice field periphyton comprises the following steps:
in the early stage of rice growth, broadcasting periphyton growth inducing artificial carriers into the rice field to induce the growth of periphyton in the rice field;
after the rice is fertilized, a periphyton apoptosis inducer is scattered to the middle and peripheral clusters of the rice field to induce the apoptosis of the periphyton in the rice field.
As a further improvement of the invention, the preparation method of the periphyton growth induction artificial carrier comprises the following steps:
mixing the concentrated periphyton culture medium with sodium alginate and crushed rice straw to form a sodium alginate mixed solution;
dropwise adding the sodium alginate mixed solution into CaCl2Cross-linking in solution to form spherical carrier, i.e. artificial carrier for inducing growth of periphyton.
Further, mixing the sodium alginate, the crushed rice straws and the like with a periphyton culture medium; the mixing ratio of the sodium alginate or the crushed rice straw to the periphyton culture medium is 1-3% w/v.
Further, the periphyton culture medium is 8-11 times concentrated periphyton culture medium. Compared with the conventional periphyton culture medium, the invention greatly concentrates the components, can ensure the slow release process of nutrients in the immobilized carrier and simultaneously ensures the concentration of released nutrients.
Further, the periphyton medium comprises the following components: 10-15 g/L of sodium nitrate, 0.38-0.4 g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.73-0.75 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.34-0.36 g/L of calcium chloride heptahydrate, 0.18-0.2 g/L of sodium carbonate, 0.04-0.06 g/L of citric acid, 0.04-0.06 g/L of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.0284-0.0286 g/L of boric acid and 0.0179-0.0181 g/L of manganese chloride tetrahydrate. Compared with the conventional periphyton culture medium, the improved culture medium omits some trace nutrient elements, the operation does not influence the growth of periphyton, and simultaneously, the cost of large-scale popularization and application of the technology is reduced.
Further, the sodium alginate mixed solution is dripped into CaCl by a peristaltic pump at the flow rate of 100 rpm2Crosslinking in the solution to form a spherical carrier with the diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm.
Further, the crushed rice straws are rice straws which are crushed and then sieved by a 200-mesh sieve.
As a further improvement of the invention, the spreading amount of the periphyton growth inducing artificial carrier is 40-50 kg/ha.
As a further improvement of the invention, the periphyton apoptosis inducer is terbutryn solution.
Furthermore, the terbutryn solution is obtained by diluting terbutryn with water, and the concentration of terbutryn in the diluent is 1.0-1.5 g/L.
Further, the application amount of the terbutryn solution is as follows: the dosage of the terbutryn reaches 0.2-0.25 kg/ha.
Artificially induced periphyton has greater nitrogen storage capacity. The increase of nitrogen storage capacity of periphyton can reduce the loss of nitrogen in the rice field, and in addition, the storage of nitrogen can prolong the retention time of nitrogen in the rice field, increase the opportunity of nitrogen recycling, and the recycling of nitrogen in the rice field can influence the yield of rice. The artificially induced periphyton can reduce the loss of nitrogen in the early growth stage of the rice through the storage of the nitrogen, increase the probability of providing the nitrogen for the growth of the rice through the induction of the release of the nitrogen in the later stage, further obviously reduce the loss of the nitrogen in the rice field and promote the sustainable production of the rice.
According to the invention, nitrogen loss in the rice field can be obviously intercepted by inducing periphyton to grow and store nitrogen at the early stage of rice growth; in addition, terbutryn is used for inducing apoptosis of periphyton at the later stage and releasing nitrogen from periphyton, so that the nitrogen can be reused for rice production, and the yield of rice is finally improved. Overall, the risk of nitrogen loss is reduced.
The method provided by the invention is convenient to operate and good in effect, the preparation method of the artificial carrier is convenient and simple, the application and operation method of the artificial carrier is convenient, the terbutryn is sprayed to be similar to rice field pesticide spraying, the operation method is simple and convenient, the nitrogen release can be induced by the application of the artificial carrier, the rice nitrogen fertilizer is resupplied, and the rice yield is finally improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the total nitrogen content in periphyton in the experimental and control groups.
FIG. 3 is a graph showing the effect of the administration of artificial vector and terbutryn on the biomass of periphyton in rice.
Detailed Description
The nitrogen interception and reuse method used by the embodiment comprises the following steps:
10-15 g of sodium nitrate, 0.38-0.4 g of dipotassium phosphate, 0.73-0.75 g of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.34-0.36 g of calcium chloride heptahydrate, 0.18-0.2 g of sodium carbonate, 0.04-0.06 g of citric acid, 0.04-0.06 g of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.0284-0.0286 g of boric acid and 0.0179-0.0181 g of manganese chloride tetrahydrate are respectively weighed and dissolved in 1L of distilled water to prepare periphyton clump culture medium, and 20 g of sodium alginate and 20 g of crushed rice straws which are sieved by a 200-mesh sieve are dissolved by the culture medium to prepare a sodium alginate solution. The sodium alginate solution was added dropwise to 3L of 2% CaCl using a peristaltic pump (100 rpm)2Crosslinking for 24 hours at 4 ℃ in the solution to form a spherical carrier with the diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm, and preparing the carrier for later use;
after transplanting rice seedlings, uniformly spreading 45kg/ha periphyton growth inducing artificial carriers in a rice field, inducing the growth of periphyton in the rice field and realizing the effect of intercepting nitrogen loss through nitrogen storage;
weighing 0.2kg of terbutryn, dissolving in 150L of water, uniformly spraying the terbutryn solution into 1ha rice field after the spike fertilization time, inducing apoptosis of periphyton in the rice field, inducing nitrogen release and serving for rice production.
Examples 1 to 4 take the rice field experiment in Gaoqiaoman village, mature city, Jiangsu province as an example to illustrate the application effect of the method of the present invention.
Two paddy fields with the same area (7 mu) are selected in the Gaoqiao village in the evergreen city of Jiangsu province, the fertilizing amount of the two paddy fields is the same, and the same seedlings are inserted into the two paddy fields on the same day (6 and 25 months in 2020). Wherein, in the test field, 45kg/ha of artificial carrier is immediately broadcast to the rice field after rice transplanting (6-26 th in 2020) to induce the growth of periphyton, then the terbutryn solution is sprayed to the rice field in 26 th in 202 th in 7 th to ensure that the terbutryn dosage reaches 0.2kg/ha, and the artificial carrier and terbutryn are not applied in the control field. And collecting periphyton samples in the test field and the control field at 5 time points of 24 days at 6 months, 4 days at 7 months, 25 days at 7 months, 2 days at 9 months and 23 days at 10 months respectively, and measuring the total nitrogen content in the periphyton samples and the rice yield in the control field and the test field.
Example 1 comparison of Nitrogen concentration in periphyton samples in test and control fields
As shown in FIG. 3, the total nitrogen concentration in the 5 rice growth periods in the periphyton of the control field was 3.44. + -. 0.36, 2.59. + -. 0.11, 3.31. + -. 0.51, 3.29. + -. 0.25, 3.33. + -. 0.47 g/kg, respectively; the total nitrogen concentration of 5 rice growth periods in periphyton of the test field is 3.89 +/-048, 3.44 +/-0.14, 3.80 +/-0.39, 3.96 +/-0.49 and 3.79 +/-0.54 g/kg in sequence. The average total nitrogen content in naturally growing periphyton was calculated to be 3.192 g/kg, while the average total nitrogen content in artificially induced periphyton was calculated to be 3.776 g/kg. The average total nitrogen content of periphyton in the test field was 18.3% higher than the average total nitrogen content of periphyton in the control field.
Example 2 Artificial vector-induced Nitrogen reserves in periphyton
As shown in FIG. 2, the use of periphyton growth vectors significantly increased the biomass of periphyton in the field. After the artificial vector is applied, the biomass of periphyton in the seedling stage, the tillering stage and the jointing stage can be respectively increased from 323.53 +/-17.64, 1347.62 +/-121.48 and 710.64 +/-21.44 kg/ha to 399.24 +/-23.81, 2874.75 +/-170.0 and 1214.55 +/-113.23 kg/ha. Therefore, the biomass of periphyton in the three rice growth periods of the seedling stage, the tillering stage and the jointing stage is increased by 2106.75 kg/ha by using the artificial carrier. As can be seen from FIG. 2, the average total nitrogen content in the artificially induced periphyton was 3.776 g/kg, and the nitrogen storage capacity of the periphyton for promoting growth by the artificial vector was calculated to be 7.96 kg/ha, i.e., the nitrogen interception capacity (storage capacity) of the periphyton in the rice field was increased by 7.96 kg/ha by the application of the artificial vector.
Example 3 use of terbutryn induces nitrogen release from periphyton
As can be seen from FIG. 3, the biomass of periphyton in the three rice growth phases of seedling stage, tillering stage and elongation stage in the control field is 2381.79 kg/ha, the biomass of periphyton in the flowering and mature stages is 716.22 kg/ha, and the biomass of periphyton which is apoptotic under natural conditions is 1665.58 kg/ha, so that the amount of released nitrogen is 6.29 kg/ha, i.e., the naturally-growing periphyton in the rice field releases 6.29 kg of N/ha in the later growth stage. The amount of periphyton in the rice field is obviously increased by using the artificial carrier in the experimental group, the biomass of periphyton in three rice growth periods of a seedling stage, a tillering stage and a jointing stage in the experimental field is 4488.54 kg/ha, the biomass of periphyton in a flowering period and a mature period is 211.27 kg/ha, and the combined use of the artificial carrier and the terbutryn can induce 4277.27 kg/ha periphyton to generate apoptosis, so that the amount of released nitrogen is 16.15 kg/ha, namely the nitrogen fertilizer amount which can be supplied for rice growth in the later period of rice growth by the combined use of the artificial carrier and the terbutryn is 16.15 kg/ha, which is 1.6 times higher than the nitrogen amount supplied for natural periphyton.
Example 4 Effect of the use of this technique on Rice yield
The yield of the rice in the control field is 8882.5 +/-383.3 kg/ha by measuring yield; the rice yield in the test field was 10084.9. + -. 603.6 kg/ha. Through calculation, the rice yield in the test field is improved by 13.5 percent compared with the rice yield in the control field, namely the rice yield can be improved by 13.5 percent by using the artificial carrier and the terbutryn in a combined way.
To sum up, in the examples 1 to 4, after 45kg/ha of artificial carrier is respectively scattered in the rice field after rice transplanting, the biomass of periphyton in the rice field is obviously increased, the artificially induced periphyton has larger nitrogen storage capacity, and the artificially induced periphyton stores 7.96 kg/ha more nitrogen than the naturally-grown periphyton; after the spike fertilizer is applied, 0.2kg/ha of terbutryn is used, the apoptosis of periphyton can be quickly induced, the biomass of the periphyton in the rice field is obviously reduced, the stored nitrogen is released in the process of inducing the apoptosis of the periphyton, and the combined use of the artificial carrier and the terbutryn enables the nitrogen released by the artificially regulated periphyton in the later growth stage of the rice to be 1.6 times higher than the nitrogen released by naturally grown periphyton. In addition, the method provided by the invention can also improve the rice yield by 13.5%.
Claims (10)
1. A nitrogen interception and reuse method based on periphyton in a rice field is characterized by comprising the following steps:
in the early stage of rice growth, broadcasting periphyton growth inducing artificial carriers into the rice field to induce the growth of periphyton in the rice field;
after the rice is fertilized, a periphyton apoptosis inducer is scattered to the middle and peripheral clusters of the rice field to induce the apoptosis of the periphyton in the rice field.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the periphyton growth-inducing artificial vector is prepared by:
mixing the concentrated periphyton culture medium with sodium alginate and crushed rice straw to form a sodium alginate mixed solution;
dropwise adding the sodium alginate mixed solution into CaCl2Cross-linking in solution to form spherical carrier, i.e. artificial carrier for inducing growth of periphyton.
3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein sodium alginate and crushed rice straw are mixed with periphyton medium in equal mass; the mixing ratio of the sodium alginate or the crushed rice straw to the periphyton culture medium is 1-3% w/v.
4. The method of claim 2, wherein the periphyton medium is 8-11 fold concentrated periphyton medium.
5. The method of claim 2, wherein the periphyton medium comprises: 10-15 g/L of sodium nitrate, 0.38-0.4 g/L of dipotassium phosphate, 0.73-0.75 g/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 0.34-0.36 g/L of calcium chloride heptahydrate, 0.18-0.2 g/L of sodium carbonate, 0.04-0.06 g/L of citric acid, 0.04-0.06 g/L of ferric ammonium citrate, 0.0284-0.0286 g/L of boric acid and 0.0179-0.0181 g/L of manganese chloride tetrahydrate.
6. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein said sodium alginate is mixed with said sodium alginateThe CaCl is dripped into the mixed liquid at the flow rate of 100 rpm by a peristaltic pump2Crosslinking in the solution to form a spherical carrier with the diameter of 1.5-2.5 mm.
7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the periphyton growth-inducing artificial carrier is applied at a rate of 40 to 50 kg/ha.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said periphyton apoptosis-inducing agent is terbutryn solution.
9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the terbutryn solution is terbutryn obtained by diluting with water, and the concentration of terbutryn in the diluent is 1.0-1.5 g/L.
10. The method according to claim 8, wherein the terbutryn solution is applied in an amount of: the dosage of the terbutryn reaches 0.2-0.25 kg/ha.
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Cited By (1)
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