CN112874046A - 一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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CN112874046A
CN112874046A CN202110269104.2A CN202110269104A CN112874046A CN 112874046 A CN112874046 A CN 112874046A CN 202110269104 A CN202110269104 A CN 202110269104A CN 112874046 A CN112874046 A CN 112874046A
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layer
coating layer
insulation board
board
composite insulation
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刘东华
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Hebei Fusite New Building Materials Co ltd
First New Material Technology Development Co Ltd
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Hebei Fusite New Building Materials Co ltd
First New Material Technology Development Co Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用，所述复合保温板包括第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层；所述芯层设置于第一包覆层和第二包覆层之间；所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的吸水率均不大于6％；所述复合保温板通过在芯层的两侧分别设置吸水率不大于6％的第一包覆层和第二包覆层，避免了在使用过程中因为吸水量过多与墙体部位发生脱落的问题，大幅度延长了使用寿命，且不会影响保温效果和阻燃效果，进而得到了一种兼具优异阻燃、保温效果和较长寿命的复合保温板；且所述复合保温板的制备工艺较简单，适合大批量工业化生产，具有重要的研究价值。

Description

一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用
技术领域
本发明属于复合板材技术领域，具体涉及一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
目前，随着人们生活条件的改善以及生活水平的不断提高，越来越多的人对生活环境以及居住环境的要求也在逐步的提升，随着建筑业的不断发展和进步，以及伴随着各种新材料的诞生，传统的建房方式以及传统的房屋构建也得到了更新和改进，其中现今使用较多的便是保温墙板，主要用来控制室内温度，在使用了保温墙板的室内，可以降低室内空调的使用率，以此来节约能源，保护环境。
传统的用于保温墙板的材料，如岩棉，阻燃效果能达到A级，但是导热系数较高，达到0.045W/m·K左右，苯板等材料的导热系数较低为0.032W/m·K左右，但是在生产过程中多采用一体成型的方式对保温板进行生产，虽然生产速率得到了提升，但无法对废弃的板材进行拆分回收利用，且对生产材料造成了浪费，使用过程中无法进行防火，使用安全性较低，因此对于保温板的研究也一直在进行。
CN209163090U公开了一种集成式高效安装保温板，包括矩形框架，所述矩形框架的内顶部和内底部对皆称安装有聚苯板，且内顶部聚苯板的顶部设置有树脂漆涂层，所述矩形框架的一侧均匀设置有L型锁紧栓，且矩形框架的另一侧均匀开设有限位槽，所述L型锁紧栓和限位槽相适合，该实用新型安装有限位槽、L型锁紧栓、第二锁紧钉、第一锁紧钉、L型卡合栓和卡合槽，通过限位槽和L型锁紧栓相配合卡紧，完成横向相邻保温板的拼接，L型卡合栓和卡合槽卡合完成纵向相邻保温板的拼接，第二锁紧钉和第一锁紧钉拼合与定位设置的膨胀孔相配合完成安装，安装更加方便，安装更加快速，节约了工人的工作量和安装难度。CN109403480A公开了一种复合环保型保温板，包括三聚氰胺胶，所述三聚氰胺胶底部的两侧皆设置有防滑支撑条，且三聚氰胺胶的顶部设置有镁质凝胶材料，所述镁质凝胶材料的顶部设置有轻质保温材料，且轻质保温材料的顶部设置有玻璃纤维布，所述玻璃纤维布的顶部设置有聚氨酯板，且聚氨酯板顶部与底部皆均匀设置有卡块；该发明通过第一插杆、第二插杆与通槽相配合，使得装置采用拼装的方式对保温板进行加工，能够对装置进行拆卸，方便回收利用，提高了材料的利用率，使得装置的使用更加环保，且通过聚氨酯板上的卡块与第一卡槽、第二卡槽相配合，使得聚氨酯板通过卡接的方式进行固定，提高了装置的稳定性。CN109403479A公开了一种复合防火可再生保温板，包括保温板，所述保温板的中间位置处设置有加固板，且加固板的一侧设置有第二隔热板，所述加固板的另一侧设置有第一隔热板，且第一隔热板远离加固板的一侧设置有保温层，所述保温层的内部设置有真空隔热层，且第二隔热板远离加固板的一侧均匀设置有四组安装块，所述安装块远离第二隔热板的一侧设置有阻燃板，且阻燃板上设置有四组与安装块相互配合的安装孔，所述安装孔的内侧皆设置有固定螺栓。该发明设置有防火最燃结构，可以起到较好的防火作用，提高保温板的功能性和实用性，同时可以使得保温板在火灾中不容易被损坏，同时发生火灾时阻燃板先与火灾接触。
但是，上述专利制备得到的保温板安全性较低，在安装的过程中，由于板面较为光滑，导致涂料或安装东西不够牢固，容易造成脱落；或者材使用过程中，由于吸水导致保温板整体发生脱落，降低了其使用寿命，增加了其使用成本。
因此，开发一种导热系数低、阻燃效果优异且不易脱落的复合保温板，是本领域急需解决的问题。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明的目的在于提供一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用，所述复合保温板包括第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层，所述芯层设置于第一包覆层和第二包覆层之间；所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的吸水率均不大于6％，将二者分别设置于芯层的两侧，可以保证得到的复合保温板具有优异的保温效果和阻燃效果的同时，还兼具不易脱落的优势，使用效果更好，使用寿命更长，有利于节约成本，能够满足一些如公共建筑、学校或高层等具有特殊场合建筑的要求。
为达到此发明目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本发明提供一种复合保温板，所述复合保温板包括第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层，所述芯层设置于所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层之间；
所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的吸水率均不大于6％，例如5.5％、5％、4.5％、4％、3.5％、3％、2.5％、2％、1.5％、1％、0.5％或0.1％，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
示例性地，本发明提供的复合保温板的剖面结构示意图如图1所示，其中1代表第一包覆层；2代表芯层；3代表第二包覆层；所述第一包覆层1和第二包覆层3的材料的吸水率均不大于6％，将二者分别设置于所述芯层的两侧，一方面，可以降低所述复合保温板的吸水量，避免了其因为使用时吸水导致与墙体发生脱落造成的危害；另一方面，将芯层设置于第一包覆层和第二包覆层的中间，可以使得所述复合保温板兼具有优异保温和阻燃性能；最终，得到了一种使用效果更好，使用寿命更长的复合保温板，满足一些如公共建筑、学校或高层等具有特殊场合的要求，具有重要的研究价值。
优选地，所述复合保温板的导热系数为0.016～0.045W/m·K，例如0.02W/m·K、0.023W/m·K、0.026W/m·K、0.029W/m·K、0.032W/m·K、0.035W/m·K、0.038W/m·K、0.04W/m·K或0.043W/m·K，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
优选地，所述第一包覆层上设置有凹槽，所述芯层嵌入所述凹槽。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，本发明提供的复合保温板的第一包覆层上设置有凹槽，所述芯层嵌入所述凹槽，其剖面结构示意图如图2所示，其中1代表第一包覆层；2代表芯层；3代表第二包覆层。
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的厚度各自独立地为2～9cm，例如2.5cm、3cm、3.5cm、4cm、4.5cm、5cm、5.5cm、6cm、6.5cm、7cm、7.5cm、8cm或8.5cm，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值，优选为2～7cm。
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的密度各自独立地小于150kg/m3，例如140kg/m3、130kg/m3、120kg/m3、110kg/m3、90kg/m3、70kg/m3、50kg/m3、30kg/m3或10kg/m3，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的导热系数各自独立地小于0.05W/m·K，例如0.045W/m·K、0.04W/m·K、0.035W/m·K、0.03W/m·K、0.025W/m·K、0.02W/m·K、0.015W/m·K、0.01W/m·K或0.005W/m·K，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层各自独立地为聚氨酯保温板、膨胀石墨聚苯板、挤塑聚苯板或热固性聚苯板中的任意一种。
优选地，所述芯层的厚度为1～10cm，例如2cm、3cm、4cm、5cm、6cm、7cm、8cm或9cm，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值，优选为2～8cm。
优选地，所述芯层为真空绝热板、气凝胶毡、膨胀珍珠岩板、岩棉板、玻璃棉板或玄武岩纤维板中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地，所述芯层的材料的密度不大于800kg/m3，例如750kg/m3、700kg/m3、650kg/m3、600kg/m3、550kg/m3、500kg/m3、450kg/m3、400kg/m3、350kg/m3、300kg/m3、250kg/m3、200kg/m3、150kg/m3或100kg/m3，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
优选地，所述芯层和第一包覆层之间设置有第一粘结层，所述芯层和第二包覆层之间设置有第二粘结层。
优选地，所述第一粘结层和第二粘结层的材料各自独立地为有机胶黏剂和/或无机胶黏剂。
优选地，所述有机胶黏剂包括环氧树脂类胶黏剂、聚氨酯类胶黏剂、有机硅类胶黏剂或聚酰亚胺类胶黏剂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
优选地，所述无机胶黏剂包括水泥和/或砂浆。
优选地，第一包覆层和第二包覆层的质量比(M2占比)×对应燃烧热值+第一粘结层和第二粘结层的质量比(M3占比)×对应燃烧热值≤3MJ。
第二方面，本发明提供一种如第一方面所述复合保温板的制备方法，所述制备方法包括：将第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层依次连接，固化，得到所述复合保温板。
本发明提供的复合保温板的制备方法整体工艺简单，无需额外的设备和仪器，适合大批量工业化生产。
优选地，所述连接通过胶黏剂进行。
优选地，所述固化的时间为0.1～24h，例如2h、4h、6h、8h、10h、12h、14h、16h、18h、20h或22h，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
优选地，所述固化的温度为22～30℃，例如23℃、24℃、25℃、26℃、27℃、28℃或29℃，以及上述点值之间的具体点值，限于篇幅及出于简明的考虑，本发明不再穷尽列举所述范围包括的具体点值。
作为本发明的优选技术方案，所述制备方法包括：将第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层依次连接，22～30℃下固化01～24h，得到所述复合保温板。
第三方面，本发明提供一种如第一方面所述的复合保温板在建筑墙体中的应用。
相对于现有技术，本发明具有以下有益效果：
本发明提供的复合保温板通过在芯层的两侧分别设置吸水率不大于6％的第一包覆层和第二包覆层，避免了所述复合保温板在使用过程中因为吸水量过多与墙体等部位发生脱落的问题，进而提高其使用效果，延长了其使用寿命；其次，芯层设置于两个包覆层的中间，不会影响芯层的保温效果和阻燃效果，进而得到了一种兼具优异阻燃、保温效果和较长寿命的复合保温板；具体而言，本发明提供的复合保温板的整体燃烧热值为1.63～2.89MJ/kg，M2燃烧热值为2.8～38MJ/kg，燃烧等级均为A级，垂直于板面方向的抗拉强度为0.12～0.15MPa；且所述复合保温板的制备工艺较简单，利于大批量工业化生产。
附图说明
图1为本发明提供的复合保温板的剖面结构示意图；
图2为本发明提供的芯层嵌入第一包覆层的复合保温板的剖面结构示意图；
图3为实施例1提供的复合保温板的剖面结构示意图；
图4为实施例2提供的复合保温板的剖面结构示意图；
其中，1-第一包覆层，2-芯层，3-第二包覆层，4-第一粘结层，5-第二粘结层。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本发明的技术方案。本领域技术人员应该明了，所述实施例仅仅是帮助理解本发明，不应视为对本发明的具体限制。
实施例1
一种复合保温板，导热系数为0.021W/m·K，其剖面结构示意图如图3所示，包括第一包覆层1，芯层2，第一粘结层4，第二包覆层3和第二粘结层5；
其中，第一包覆层1和第二包覆层3均为密度为18kg/m3，厚度为3cm，导热系数为0.03W/m·K，吸水率为2％的膨胀石墨聚苯板(制备方法包括将石墨聚苯乙烯颗粒发泡成密度为16kg/m3的颗粒后注入成型机中，通过高温高压水蒸气将颗粒粘接成板材)；
芯层2为厚度5cm的气凝胶毡(善泰节能科技有限公司)；
第一粘结层4和第二粘结层5均为双组份环氧树脂胶黏剂(烟台万华)；
本实施例提供的复合保温板的制备方法包括：利用双组份环氧树脂胶黏剂将第一包覆层1、芯层2和第二包覆层3依次连接，22℃下固化12h，得到所述复合保温板。
实施例2
一种复合保温板，导热系数为0.028W/m·K，其剖面结构示意图如图4所示，包括第一包覆层1，芯层2，第一粘结层4，第二包覆层3和第二粘结层5；
其中，第一包覆层1和第二包覆层3均为密度为140kg/m3，厚度为7cm，导热系数为0.048W/m·K，吸水率为6％的热固性聚苯板(制备方法包括：聚苯乙烯颗粒与水泥通过模压的方式制备得到)；
芯层2为厚度3cm的真空绝热板，导热系数为0.008W/m·K(常州市吉思冷链科技有限公司)；
第一粘结层4和第二粘结层5均为双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂(烟台万华)；
本实施例提供的复合保温板的制备方法包括：利用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂将第一包覆层1、芯层2和第二包覆层3依次连接，22℃下固化4h，得到所述复合保温板。
实施例3
一种复合保温板，导热系数为0.034W/m·K，其剖面结构与实施例1相同，包括：厚度为2cm，吸水率为1％，导热系数为0.02W/m·K，密度为25kg/m3的第一包覆层，聚氨酯保温板，(原料为烟台万华，将原料高压条件下混合均匀后注入模具中发泡，成型后裁切成板材)；厚度为2cm的芯层岩棉板，(将岩棉丝加入胶粘剂后粘接压制成板材)；厚度为2cm，吸水率为1％，导热系数为0.045W/m·K，密度为25kg/m3的第二包覆层(制备方法同第一包覆层)；第一粘结层(双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，烟台万华)和第二粘结层(双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂，烟台万华)；
本实施例提供的复合保温板的制备方法包括：利用双组份聚氨酯胶黏剂将第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层依次连接，25℃下固化4h，得到所述复合保温板。
对比例1
一种保温板，导热系数为0.018W/m·K，包括厚度5cm的气凝胶毡(善泰节能科技有限公司)。
对比例2
一种保温板，导热系数为0.033W/m·K，包括厚度为10cm的膨胀石墨聚苯板(吸水率为2％，制备方法同实施例1)。
性能测试：
(1)燃烧热值：按照GB/T 14402-2007《建筑材料及制品的燃烧性能燃烧热值的测定》进行测试；
(2)第一包覆层和第二包覆层重量比(M2占比)：第一包覆层和第二包覆层的重量/复合保温板总重量×100％；
(3)燃烧等级：按照GB/T8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃烧性能分级》进行测试；
(4)垂直于板面方向的抗拉强度：按照JGT 536-2017《热固复合聚苯乙烯泡沫保温板》进行测试。
按照上述测试方法阿对实施例1～3和对比例1～2得到的保温板进行测试，测试结果如表1所示：
表1
Figure BDA0002973434870000091
Figure BDA0002973434870000101
根据表1数据可以看出：
实施例1～3提供的复合保温板具备良好的保温性能，且达到A级阻燃要求，满足现阶段建筑和工业保温要求。
具体而言，实施例1～3提供的复合保温板M2占比为7～54％，复合保温板整体燃烧热值为1.63～2.89MJ/kg，M2燃烧热值为2.8～38MJ/kg；燃烧等级均为A级，垂直于板面方向的抗拉强度为0.12～0.15MPa；比较实施例1和对比例1可以发现，对比例1提供的保温板抗拉强度很低；比较实施例1和对比例2可以发现，对比例2提供的保温板的燃烧热值太高，均不能兼具优异的阻燃性能和力学性能。
申请人声明，本发明通过上述实施例来说明一种复合保温板及其制备方法和应用，但本发明并不局限于上述工艺步骤，即不意味着本发明必须依赖上述工艺步骤才能实施。所属技术领域的技术人员应该明了，对本发明的任何改进，对本发明所选用原料的等效替换及辅助成分的添加、具体方式的选择等，均落在本发明的保护范围和公开范围之内。

Claims (10)

1.一种复合保温板，其特征在于，所述复合保温板包括第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层，所述芯层设置于所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层之间；
所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的吸水率均不大于6％。
2.根据权利要求1所述的复合保温板，其特征在于，所述复合保温板的导热系数为0.016～0.045W/m·K；
优选地，所述第一包覆层上设置有凹槽，所述芯层嵌入所述凹槽。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的复合保温板，其特征在于，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的厚度各自独立地为2～9cm，优选为2～7cm；
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的密度各自独立地小于150kg/m3；
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层的材料的导热系数各自独立地小于0.05W/m·K；
优选地，所述第一包覆层和第二包覆层各自独立地为聚氨酯保温板、膨胀石墨聚苯板、挤塑聚苯板、热固性聚苯板、聚丙烯泡沫板、聚乙烯泡沫板或聚氯乙烯泡沫板中的任意一种。
4.根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的复合保温板，其特征在于，所述芯层的厚度为1～10cm，优选为2～8cm；
优选地，所述芯层为真空绝热板、气凝胶毡、膨胀珍珠岩板、岩棉板、玻璃棉板或玄武岩纤维板中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
优选地，所述芯层的材料的密度不大于800kg/m3。
5.根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的复合保温板，其特征在于，所述芯层和第一包覆层之间设置有第一粘结层，所述芯层和第二包覆层之间设置有第二粘结层；
优选地，所述第一粘结层和第二粘结层的材料各自独立地为有机胶黏剂和/或无机胶黏剂；
优选地，所述有机胶黏剂包括环氧树脂类胶黏剂、聚氨酯类胶黏剂、有机硅类胶黏剂或聚酰亚胺类胶黏剂中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
优选地，所述无机胶黏剂包括水泥和/或砂浆。
6.一种如权利要求1～5任一项所述复合保温板的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：将第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层依次连接，固化，得到所述复合保温板。
7.根据权利要求6所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述连接通过胶黏剂进行。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述固化的时间为2～24h；
优选地，所述固化的温度为22～30℃。
9.根据权利要求7或8所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述制备方法包括：利用胶黏剂将第一包覆层、芯层和第二包覆层依次连接，22～30℃下固化2～24h，得到所述复合保温板。
10.一种如权利要求1～5任一项所述的复合保温板在建筑墙体中的应用。
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