CN111825414A - 一种耐高温绿色多层防火板及制造方法 - Google Patents
一种耐高温绿色多层防火板及制造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及环保节能、功能材料领域。本发明涉及一种利用锂渣、钢渣、矿粉、粉煤灰、煤矸石、气相二氧化硅、膨胀珍珠岩和激发剂为原料的保温烧结砖的制备技术。针对现阶段防火板性能不足、原材料对天然资源依赖程度高等，本发明供了一种环保、制造成本低，生产效率高、重量轻、强度高、耐高温的绿色多层防火板及制造方法。本发明可资源化利用多类型工业废渣，使用激发剂和增强纤维，具有优良的机械性能和耐酸碱、耐火耐高温、耐久性能的高强防火板材，成本低廉，重量轻，密度0.8‑1.8g/cm3，制造过程不排放有害物，不影响其他建筑材料的使用安全，可广泛用于防火门、隔墙的防火隔断，以及梁柱、电线电缆、充电桩等防火包覆。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及环保节能、功能材料领域。具体而言，涉及一种利用锂渣、钢渣、矿粉、粉煤灰、煤矸石、气相二氧化硅、膨胀珍珠岩和激发剂为原料的保温烧结砖的制备技术。
技术背景
随着我国经济社会快速发展，城市化进程加速使得建筑物规模越来越大，建筑构型、材料、设备也日趋复杂。现代建筑物内部除动力、燃料，电、火源等普通隐患外，还有大量聚合物材料、木材等易燃新型建材以及新型结构体系大量使用，还有新能源汽车等新型设备，对火灾的预防要求越来越高，难度也在逐渐加大。无论何种原因造成的火灾，如若不能及时控制，火势都会迅速蔓延，尤其是超高层建筑、地下空间发生火灾极易造成生命和财产的巨大损失，一旦发生，后果极其严重，影响极为恶劣。因此，社会各层面均对预防火灾发生而采取的相关措施愈发重视。
为预防建筑物中各类火灾事故，开发新型防火材料是重要方向。最早采用的防火手段是用耐火砖、混凝土或钢丝网抹耐火砂浆等耐火防护材料将建筑构件包封屏蔽进行防火保护，效果良好，但包封材料自重大、结构笨拙，后发展为蛭石板、石膏板、珍珠岩板等轻质板材。矿物岩棉板以不燃、耐高温性能好、质轻的矿棉、玻璃棉为隔热材料，但矿物棉短纤维对人体呼吸系统会造成危害，板材强度差，使用性能不好；水泥板材类韧性较差、碱度大、装饰效果较差；石膏板材以原料来源丰富，防火性能好的石膏为基材生产防火板材，自重轻，加工容易，施工方便，装饰性能好。但它的抗折性能较差。
综上而言，建筑物内部采用防火板材可以较好的预防火灾，防火等级达到A级和B1级的材料一般可以有效的预防火灾。防火板材除本身材料不燃之外，还要具有一定的高温稳定性和良好的耐火隔热能力，关键在于粘结基料、耐火隔热材料与结构的设计。
发明内容
针对现阶段防火板性能不足、原材料对天然资源依赖程度高等，本发明供了一种环保、制造成本低，生产效率高、重量轻、强度高、耐高温的绿色多层防火板及制造方法。
一种耐高温的多层结构防火板，包括轻质发泡无机保温板、气相二氧化硅芯材、饰面层，所述轻质发泡无机保温板、饰面层可设有螺纹孔，孔内设有螺栓，轻质发泡无机保温板与饰面层之间通过螺栓连接，二者之间中空状态，填充气相二氧化硅、膨胀珍珠岩等复合材料制备的隔热层，所述饰面层可为彩色饰面砂浆层、仿木饰面砂浆层、聚合物增强树脂等。
本发明所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，其按质量百分比计的组成为：无机矿物材料40-95％，纤维5-10％，填料5-30％，激发剂0.5-6％，发泡剂0.2-2％。
所述无机矿物材料为工业固体废弃物，包括高炉水渣、粉煤灰、锂渣中的一种或多种，比表面积不低于350m2/kg。
如上所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，更进一步的说明为，所述纤维为纤维素纤维、聚丙烯纤维、维纶纤维、耐碱玻璃纤维中的一种或多种。
如上所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，更进一步的说明为，所述填料为膨胀珍珠岩、煤矸石中的一种或多种。
如上所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，更进一步的说明为，所述激发剂为硅酸钠、硫酸钠、脱硫石膏、氢氧化钠中的一种或多种，硅酸钠模数为0.8-2.5。
如上所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，更进一步的说明为，所述发泡剂为十二烷基苯磺酸钠、双氧水的一种或多种。
如上所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，更进一步的说明为，将原料计量，在高速混合机内与水混合均匀，控制料浆质量浓度为30-60％；将混合好的料浆经过流浆法或模压法脱水制成一定厚度的板坯。
所述的气相二氧化硅芯材，由气相二氧化硅毡与其一体成型的泡沫层组成。包括液体环氧树脂30-60％、可膨胀微球发泡剂10-15％、固化剂40-70％、偶联剂0-5％。
如上所述的气相二氧化硅芯材，更进一步的说明为，将上述物料混合均匀，得到可发泡预浸料。
如上所述的气相二氧化硅芯材，更进一步的说明为，将二氧化硅气凝胶毡浸渍于可发泡预浸料中。
如上所述的气相二氧化硅芯材，更进一步的说明为，浸渍完成后取出二氧化硅气凝胶毡，置于轻质发泡无机保温板、饰面层构成的中空层中。
如上所述的多层防火板，更进一步的说明为，得到的复合板材在40-60℃条件下，于养护房中养护12-24小时得到多层防火板。
本发明可资源化利用多类型工业废渣，使用激发剂和增强纤维，具有优良的机械性能和耐酸碱、耐火耐高温、耐久性能的高强防火板材，成本低廉，重量轻，密度0.8-1.8g/cm3，制造过程不排放有害物，不影响其他建筑材料的使用安全，可广泛用于防火门、隔墙的防火隔断，以及梁柱、电线电缆、充电桩等防火包覆。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案和有点更加清晰，以下结合具体实例，对本发明进行进一步详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用以解释本发明，并不用于限定本发明。
实例1
一种耐高温绿色多层防火板及制造方法，包括一下步骤：
按照表1所示原料配比进行称量，首先制备轻质发泡无机保温板，将原料计量，激发剂充分溶解于水，在高速混合机内均匀混合，控制料浆质量浓度为30-60％，将混合好的料浆经过流浆法或模压法脱水制成一定厚度的板坯。将浸渍气相二氧化硅毡放入装饰层与无机保温板之间，所得多层防火板放入在40-60℃条件下养护。
参照GB7019-2014中规定的方法检测发泡无机保温板抗折强度、多层防火板的导热系数。
Claims (6)
1.本发明涉及环保节能、功能材料领域。具体而言，涉及一种利用锂渣、钢渣、矿粉、粉煤灰、煤矸石、气相二氧化硅、膨胀珍珠岩和激发剂为原料的保温烧结砖的制备技术。
2.本发明供了一种环保、制造成本低，生产效率高、重量轻、强度高、耐高温的绿色多层防火板及制造方法。
3.一种耐高温的多层结构防火板，包括轻质发泡无机保温板、气相二氧化硅芯材、饰面层，所述轻质发泡无机保温板、饰面层可设有螺纹孔，孔内设有螺栓，轻质发泡无机保温板与饰面层之间通过螺栓连接，二者之间中空状态，填充气相二氧化硅、膨胀珍珠岩等复合材料制备的隔热层，所述饰面层可为彩色饰面砂浆层、仿木饰面砂浆层、聚合物增强树脂等。
4.本发明所述的轻质发泡无机保温板，其按质量百分比计的组成为：无机矿物材料40-95％，纤维5-10％，填料5-30％，激发剂0.5-6％，发泡剂0.2-2％。
5.制作步骤：首先制备轻质发泡无机保温板，将原料计量，激发剂充分溶解于水，在高速混合机内均匀混合，控制料浆质量浓度为30-60％，将混合好的料浆经过流浆法或模压法脱水制成一定厚度的板坯。将浸渍气相二氧化硅毡放入装饰层与无机保温板之间，所得多层防火板放入在40-60℃条件下养护。
6.本发明可资源化利用多类型工业废渣，使用激发剂和增强纤维，具有优良的机械性能和耐酸碱、耐火耐高温、耐久性能的高强防火板材，成本低廉，重量轻，密度0.8-1.8g/cm3，制造过程不排放有害物，不影响其他建筑材料的使用安全，可广泛用于防火门、隔墙的防火隔断，以及梁柱、电线电缆、充电桩等防火包覆。
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