CN115434473B - 一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板 - Google Patents
一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，包括支撑内保温板、设置在支撑内保温板前端面的第一防火外板和设置在支撑内保温板后端面的第二防火外板，所述第一防火外板和第二防火外板均由发泡石膏和设置于发泡石膏内的复合防火微球组成，复合防火微球用于在受热时先产生阻燃气体气体再产生阻热层包覆于第一防火外板和第二防火外板外壁。与现有技术相比，本发明由聚酰亚胺树脂复合而成的支撑内保温板、填充有水镁石和碳酸氢钠复配的复合防火微球的发泡石膏组成整个隔墙板，具有轻质、防火阻燃、保温效果。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及建筑材料技术领域，特别是一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板。
背景技术
传统的墙体建筑主要是以黏土砖和水泥砌块为主要原料，制成的墙体体积大且笨重，占用相当部分的建筑使用空间；保温、隔热、隔音、防水效果差；抗撞击性低，墙面经常出现龟裂现象，从而影响建筑物的质量和使用；施工不方便，工期长，造价高；生产能耗高，不利于节能减排目标的实现。随着环保政策力度不断加大，毁田取土而烧制出的黏土砖将逐步退出建筑市场。
轻质墙板材料是一种新型节能材料，具有轻质高强的特点。为同时实现环保节能、保温隔音、防水防火、壁薄抗震、施工便利等优点，通常将两种或两种以上材料复合制备轻质墙体材料。然而，以岩棉、发泡珍珠岩、发泡陶瓷、发泡玻璃等无机保温材料为填充层的复合墙板，自重大且隔热保温性能较差，不利于建筑节能的实现。以聚苯乙烯泡沫、聚氨酯泡沫、酚醛泡沫等有机材料为填充层的复合墙板又因其防火安全性能较低而应用受限。
聚氨酯具有质轻、隔热保温、吸音抗震、耐水耐腐蚀等优良性能，是一种理想的轻质结构材料和能量吸收材料。然而，聚氨酯是一种有机高分子化合物，防火性能差，需要对其进行阻燃改性；并且聚氨酯强度较低，在很多强度要求高的特殊场合(例如，作为结构材料及其配套材料)达不到使用要求，需要通过各种手段提升材料的机械强度，以达到增强的目的。
因此，目前建筑市场正迫切需要高质量、高性能的新型轻质墙体材料来替代传统的墙体材料。
发明内容
本发明的目的是要解决现有技术中存在的不足，提供一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板。
为达到上述目的，本发明是按照以下技术方案实施的：
一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，包括支撑内保温板、设置在支撑内保温板前端面的第一防火外板和设置在支撑内保温板后端面的第二防火外板，所述第一防火外板和第二防火外板均由发泡石膏和设置于发泡石膏内的复合防火微球组成，复合防火微球用于在受热时先产生阻燃气体气体再产生阻热层包覆于第一防火外板和第二防火外板外壁。
进一步地，所述复合防火微球由质量比为2:3的水镁石和碳酸氢钠经过胶粘剂复合而成。
进一步地，所述第一防火外板与第二防火外板的厚度之和等于支撑内保温板的厚度。
优选地，所述胶粘剂为羧甲基纤维素。
优选地，所述支撑内保温板包括第一聚酰亚胺树脂层，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层前端面开设有若干沉孔，所述沉孔内填充有环氧树脂泡沫柱，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层前端面覆盖有第二聚酰亚胺树脂层。
优选地，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层的厚度比为2～3:1。
优选地，所述发泡石膏由以下重量份的组分制成：石膏粉60～80份；纤维素2～20份；聚苯乙烯1～5份；碳酸钙1～10份；偶氮二甲酸胺1～5份。
与现有技术相比，本发明由聚酰亚胺树脂复合而成的支撑内保温板、填充有水镁石和碳酸氢钠复配的复合防火微球的发泡石膏组成整个隔墙板，由于发泡石膏不仅保温隔热、防火防潮，而且还具有轻质高强而且节能环保的作用，但是其隔音效果太差，而由聚酰亚胺树脂复合而成的支撑内保温板正好能解决隔音差的问题，因为聚酰亚胺树脂致密性高且具有良好的隔热保温效果，通过开设沉孔，在保证了支撑内保温板的整体强度的基础上降低整个支撑内保温板的重量，同时在沉孔中填充了环氧树脂泡沫柱，进一步提升了支撑内保温板的隔热效果；另外，发泡石膏中的复合防火微球进一步增强隔墙板的防火和阻燃性能，其中碳酸氢钠在50℃开始分解产生二氧化碳阻燃气体，至270℃时完全分解，二氧化碳阻燃气体能够通过发泡石膏内的微孔溢出至隔墙板外表面已达到阻燃的目的；而当温度继续升高时，水镁石也具有阻燃性能，其中水镁石的阻燃机理是在450℃时发生分解，释放水分并吸收大量的热量，其生成的MgO层附着发泡石膏的微孔中在发泡石膏表面形成阻热层，从而防止火焰向内，以提高防火阻燃效果。
附图说明
图1为本发明的一种实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明的另一种实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的目的、技术方案及优点更加清楚明白，以下结合实施例，对本发明进行进一步的详细说明。此处所描述的具体实施例仅用于解释本发明，并不用于限定发明。
实施例1
如图1所示的一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，包括支撑内保温板1、设置在支撑内保温板1前端面的第一防火外板2和设置在支撑内保温板1后端面的第二防火外板3，所述第一防火外板2和第二防火外板3均由发泡石膏和设置于发泡石膏内的复合防火微球201组成，复合防火微球201由质量比为2:3的水镁石和碳酸氢钠经过羧甲基纤维素复合而成，复合防火微球201用于在受热时先产生阻燃气体气体再产生阻热层包覆于第一防火外板2和第二防火外板3外壁。
其中的发泡石膏由以下重量份的组分制成：石膏粉60～80份；纤维素2～20份；聚苯乙烯1～5份；碳酸钙1～10份；偶氮二甲酸胺1～5份，其制备方法可以直接参照现有技术，本实施例不在赘述。
本实施例中，发泡石膏不仅保温隔热、防火防潮，而且还具有轻质高强而且节能环保的作用，发泡石膏中的复合防火微球进一步增强隔墙板的防火和阻燃性能，当本实施例的隔墙板遇火灾时，首先，复合防火微球中的碳酸氢钠在50℃开始分解产生二氧化碳阻燃气体，至270℃时完全分解，二氧化碳阻燃气体能够通过发泡石膏内的微孔溢出至隔墙板外表面已达到阻燃的目的；而当火灾温度继续升高时，水镁石也具有阻燃性能，其中水镁石的阻燃机理是在450℃时发生分解，释放水分并吸收大量的热量，其生成的MgO层附着发泡石膏的微孔中在发泡石膏表面形成阻热层，从而防止火焰向内，以提高防火阻燃效果。
在一些实施例中，所述第一防火外板2与第二防火外板3的厚度之和等于支撑内保温板1的厚度，当然，也可以根据需要设定具体的厚度，其并不影响隔墙板的使用。
实施例2
与实施例1的不同在于，所述支撑内保温板1包括第一聚酰亚胺树脂层101，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层101前端面开设有若干沉孔103，所述沉孔103内填充有环氧树脂泡沫柱104，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层101前端面覆盖有第二聚酰亚胺树脂层102，第一聚酰亚胺树脂层与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层的厚度比为2～3:1。
在第一聚酰亚胺树脂层101中开设沉孔后加入环氧树脂泡沫柱，通过开设沉孔，在保证了支撑内保温板1的整体强度的基础上降低整个支撑内保温板的重量，同时在沉孔中填充了环氧树脂泡沫柱104，进一步提升了支撑内保温板的隔热效果；然后将第一聚酰亚胺树脂层101和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层102热压复合形成支撑内保温板1，整个支撑内保温板1能承受240-300摄氏度的高温，当用于工业加热装备时，能够降低工业加热装备的热损失即具有很好的保温效果，另外，再加上第一聚酰亚胺树脂层1和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层2复合后使整个板材的整体抗压强度能够达到200-300MPa。
对比例1
与实施例1的不同在于，用水镁石代替复合防火微球201。
取实施例2和对比例1的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板分别进行导热系数测定、抗压强度、燃烧性能等级测定；所用的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板的样品尺寸为6cm(长)×6cm(宽)×4cm(厚度)，支撑内保温板1的厚度为2cm，第一聚酰亚胺树脂层1的厚度为1.5cm，和第二聚酰亚胺树脂层2的厚度为0.5cm，第一防火外板2和第二防火外板3的厚度均为1cm，其具体实验和检测方法均按照本领域常规检测方法进行检测，本实施例不再详细描述其实验和检测过程，结果如表1所示。
表1
由表1可知，本发明的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板的防火性能、保温性能极佳，进一步验证了复合防火微球中的碳酸氢钠在50℃开始分解产生二氧化碳阻燃气体，至270℃时完全分解，二氧化碳阻燃气体能够通过发泡石膏内的微孔溢出至隔墙板外表面已达到阻燃的目的；而当火灾温度继续升高时，水镁石也具有阻燃性能，其中水镁石的阻燃机理是在450℃时发生分解，释放水分并吸收大量的热量，其生成的MgO层附着发泡石膏的微孔中在发泡石膏表面形成阻热层，从而防止火焰向内，以提高防火阻燃效果，比单独用水镁石的防火效果好。
本发明的技术方案不限于上述具体实施例的限制，凡是根据本发明的技术方案做出的技术变形，均落入本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，包括支撑内保温板、设置在支撑内保温板前端面的第一防火外板和设置在支撑内保温板后端面的第二防火外板，其特征在于：所述第一防火外板和第二防火外板均由发泡石膏和设置于发泡石膏内的复合防火微球组成，所述复合防火微球由质量比为2:3的水镁石和碳酸氢钠经过胶粘剂复合而成，复合防火微球用于在受热时先产生阻燃气体气体再产生阻热层包覆于第一防火外板和第二防火外板外壁。
2.根据权利要求1所述的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，其特征在于：所述第一防火外板与第二防火外板的厚度之和等于支撑内保温板的厚度。
3.根据权利要求1所述的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，其特征在于：所述胶粘剂为羧甲基纤维素。
4.根据权利要求1所述的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，其特征在于：所述支撑内保温板包括第一聚酰亚胺树脂层，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层前端面开设有若干沉孔，所述沉孔内填充有环氧树脂泡沫柱，所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层前端面覆盖有第二聚酰亚胺树脂层。
5.根据权利要求4所述的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，其特征在于：所述第一聚酰亚胺树脂层与第二聚酰亚胺树脂层的厚度比为2～3:1。
6.根据权利要求1所述的具有防火保温功能的轻质隔墙板，其特征在于：所述发泡石膏由以下重量份的组分制成：石膏粉60～80份；纤维素2～20份；聚苯乙烯1～5份；碳酸钙1～10份；偶氮二甲酸胺1～5份。
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