CN112870225B - 一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物 - Google Patents
一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物,含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。该联合治疗药物能够安全有效的降低高危APL的肿瘤负荷,有助于降低高危APL诱导治疗期间的致死性合并症的发病风险,患者可在任何地点第一时间接受治疗,赢得了宝贵的早期治疗时间,口服用药方便可行。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及白血病治疗药物领域,尤其涉及一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物。
背景技术
急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)是以骨髓中异常幼稚的早幼粒细胞大量累积而发病的,该起病急、病程发展迅速,常易导致弥漫性血管内凝血,从而引发病人急性出血出血症状或颅内及眼底出血,危及生命,是急性白血病中最为凶险的一种。
急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的治疗方法主要是全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合砷剂的治疗方案,该方案能够显著提高急性早幼粒细胞白血病(APL)的治愈率,目前APL的缓解率达90%以上,长期存活率超过80%。但是诱导治疗期间早期死亡率仍然是最常见APL治疗失败原因。对于在高危APL患者群中,是影响APL疗效的主要因素。
欧美协作组临床试验中报道的APL诱导治疗期间的早期死亡率(ED)是10%,而巴西的一篇回顾性研究中134例APL病人,早期死亡率达32%,其中60.5%的死亡原因均为出血事件。多项研究证实致死性出血合并症,DIC等均与高白细胞计数相关(WBC>10×109/L)。除此之外,高白细胞计数还与分化综合征与高白瘀滞等严重并发症相关。因此,在APL治疗早期安全有效的降低肿瘤负荷是高危APL治疗成功的关键。
目前国内外APL治疗指南中均推荐静脉蒽环类药物(柔红霉素或去甲氧柔红霉素)用于APL的降肿瘤负荷治疗,通常在全反式维甲酸(ATRA)联合砷剂的治疗方案的基础上结合使用静脉注射蒽环类药物。但是APL发病初期疾病进展快,多合并出凝血障碍,早期死亡率高。而且静脉注射蒽环制剂只适用于住院患者,患者往往不能第一时间接受有效降肿瘤用药,从而导致患者不能方便及时的用药。
因此,针对以上不足,需要提供一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗的口服药物,从而安全有效的降低高危APL的肿瘤负荷,有助于降低高危APL诱导治疗期间的致死性合并症的发病风险,患者可在任何地点第一时间接受治疗,赢得了宝贵的早期治疗时间,口服用药方便可行。
发明内容
(一)要解决的技术问题
本发明要解决的技术问题是解决高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病肿瘤负荷,用药不方便的问题。
本发明经过临床研究发现,通过口服依托泊苷代替静脉蒽环类药物能够有效解决上述问题。
(二)技术方案
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明在第一方面提供了一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物,其特征在于,含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
本发明在第二方面提供了一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒包括第一药物、第二药物和第三药物,所述第一药物为依托泊苷,所述第二药物为羟基脲,所述第三药物为全反式维甲酸和砷剂的组合。
本发明在第三方面提供了一种联合治疗药物在制备治疗高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述药物含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
本发明在第四方面提供了一种联合治疗药物在制备治疗高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期试剂盒中的用途,其特征在于,所述药物含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
(三)有益效果
本发明的上述技术方案具有如下优点:
(1)细胞毒性药物依托泊苷替代蒽环类药物在高危APL诱导治疗初期能够降低肿瘤负荷,最终达到降低APL治疗早期病死率,提高高危APL的治愈率;
(2)口服依托泊苷用药方便,避免了静脉化疗药物限制于化疗专科用药的缺陷,为门急诊治疗高危APL提供了可能性;
(3)高危APL病人在门急诊尽早接受以口服依托泊苷为基础的降细胞负荷方案,提高了双诱导治疗期间的安全性;
(4)口服依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸(ATRA)和砷剂联合治疗高危APL,从而在真正意义上实现全部口服药物联合治疗高危APL。
具体实施方式
为使本发明实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚,下面将结合本发明实施例,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例是本发明的一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
为了解决现有技术中的上述一个或多个问题,本发明在第一方面提供了一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的联合治疗药物,其特征在于,含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
本发明使用的依托泊苷是细胞周期特异性抗肿瘤药物,作用于DNA拓补异构酶II,形成药物-酶-DNA稳定的可逆性复合物,阻碍DNA修复。该药可以抑制APL细胞复制,从而降低肿瘤负荷。
本发明使用的依托泊苷是通过口服用药,与目前国内外APL治疗指南中推荐的静脉蒽环类药物相比,患者可在任何地点第一时间接受治疗,赢得了宝贵的早期治疗时间,口服用药方便可行。
本发明使用的另一类主要对相对成熟中晚幼粒细胞有抑制作用的口服药物是羟基脲。羟基脲对APL细胞无杀灭作用,而对双诱导后分化成熟的高白细胞有作用。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述联合治疗药物是口服药物。
本发明的口服药物含有与药学上可接受的载体或辅料,所述的药学上可接受的载体或辅料为口服制剂辅料,所用辅料包括,赋形剂如乳糖、碳酸钙、磷酸钙、磷酸钠;稀释剂与吸收剂如淀粉、环糊精、乳糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、微晶纤维素钠、硫酸钙等;湿润剂与粘合剂如水、乙醇、丙醇、甘油、丙二醇、异丙醇、糖浆、蜂蜜、葡萄糖、明胶浆、羧甲基纤维素钠、磷酸钾等;崩解剂如干燥淀粉、琼脂粉、碳酸钙、碳酸氢钠、十二烷基磺酸钠、甲基纤维素等;崩解抑制剂如蔗糖、三硬脂酸甘油酯、可可脂、氢化油等;吸收促进剂如季铵盐、十二烷基硫酸钠等;润滑剂如滑石粉、三乙胺硬脂酸镁、二氧化硅、玉米淀粉、硬脂酸盐、硼酸、液体石蜡等。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述砷剂为三氧化二砷或口服黄黛片。
本发明在第二方面提供了一种用于高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期的试剂盒,其特征在于,所述试剂盒包括第一药物、第二药物和第三药物,所述第一药物为依托泊苷,所述第二药物为羟基脲,所述第三药物为全反式维甲酸和砷剂的组合。
本发明在第三方面提供了一种联合治疗药物在制备治疗高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述药物含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
在一些优选的实施方式中,所述联合治疗药物是口服药物。
本发明在第四方面提供了一种联合治疗药物在制备治疗高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期试剂盒中的用途,其特征在于,所述药物含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂。
具体实施例
下文将通过实施例对本发明进行进一步的说明,但是应当理解的是,本发明的保护范围不限于这些实施例。
7例患者起病时肿瘤负荷均较高,发病时中位白细胞数33(10.3-41)109/L。例1治疗前WBC 28.63×109/L,例2在治疗前WBC 14.09×109/L,且已合并脑出血,均是早期死亡的高危患者。在充分血制品保障的前提下,尽早应用了全反式维甲酸以及降细胞药物口服依托泊苷和羟基脲同时辅助降白细胞。在诱导分化过程中将WBC控制在40×109/L以下,7例患者均获得完全缓解,中位缓解时间42(30-48)天。7例患者的治疗数据具体见表1。
病例一:张XX,男,21岁,高危APL合并肺部感染,急性睾丸附睾炎。在诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共750mg及羟基脲33g;全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)35天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)28天,仅出现I度肝功能损害,无肾功能损害,于治疗第8天凝血完全改善,全程共输注纤维蛋白原34g,红细胞10U,血小板17U,治疗开始后45天血常规完全恢复正常。
病例二:董XX,女,50岁,高危APL合并脑出血,肺部感染。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共650mg及羟基脲14g,全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)33天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)RIF 28天,无肝肾功能损害,患者于治疗第13天凝血完全改善,脱离血制品输注,全程共输注纤维蛋白原45g,凝血酶原复合物12300单位,红细胞10U,血小板14U。于治疗后第33天白细胞及血小板完全恢复正常。无中枢神经系统后遗症。
病例三:严XX,女,35岁,高危APL合并消化道出血。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共1550mg及羟基脲36g,全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)33天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)28天,无肝肾功能损害。全程共输注纤维蛋白原43g,红细胞12U,血小板6U,治疗开始后38天血常规完全恢复正常。
病例四:金XX,女,34岁,高危APL。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共1000mg及羟基脲24g,全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)41天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)28天,无肝肾功能损害。全程共输注纤维蛋白原5g,红细胞12U,血小板3U,治疗开始后48天血常规完全恢复正常。
病例五:史X,男,31岁,高危APL合并心衰及肺泡出血。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共1000mg及羟基脲16g,全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)40天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)16天,无肝肾功能损害。全程共输注纤维蛋白原56g,红细胞22U,血小板20U,治疗开始后42天血常规完全恢复正常。
病例六:张X,女,30岁,高危APL。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共1400mg及羟基脲36g,全反式维甲酸(20mg,BID)34天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)28天,无肝肾功能损害。全程共输注纤维蛋白原68g,红细胞12U,血小板4U,治疗开始后42天血常规完全恢复正常。
病例七:刘XX,女,34岁,高危APL。诱导治疗期间累积应用依托泊苷共1000mg及羟基脲30g,ATRA(20mg,BID)31天及口服砷剂复方黄黛片(RIF,60mg/Kg/天)28天,无肝肾功能损害。全程共输注纤维蛋白原12g,红细胞及血小板未输注,治疗开始后30天血常规完全恢复正常。
表1 7例高危APL患者诱导期治疗数据
根据表1的治疗数据可以看出,为了提高高危APL诱导治疗早期的安全性,本发明应用一种口服细胞毒性药物,使用APL、羟基脲和标准ATRA联合砷剂双诱导方案,已成功治愈高危APL 7例(包括一例患者在发病未治疗时即已出现严重合并症脑出血),证明了该口服药物方案用于降细胞的安全性与有效性。
最后应说明的是:以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的精神和范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种联合治疗药物在制备治疗高危急性早幼粒细胞白血病诱导期药物中的用途,其特征在于,所述药物含有依托泊苷、羟基脲、全反式维甲酸和砷剂,所述联合治疗药物是口服药物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用途,其特征在于,所述口服药物含有药学上可接受的辅料。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的用途,其特征在于,所述砷剂为口服黄黛片。
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