CN112868856A

CN112868856A - Sectional type production method of hawk tea insect tea

Info

Publication number: CN112868856A
Application number: CN202110237819.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 罗丽林; 刘曼; 姚松林; 王济红; 黄振兴; 杨广明; 王兴红; 万诚
Original assignee: Guizhou Institute of Biology
Current assignee: Guizhou Institute of Biology
Priority date: 2021-03-04
Filing date: 2021-03-04
Publication date: 2021-06-01
Anticipated expiration: 2041-03-04
Also published as: CN112868856B

Abstract

The invention discloses a sectional type production method of hawk tea insect tea, belonging to the technical field of insect tea production; the method comprises the following steps: dispersing eggs of a tea-producing insect, namely the tridentiger, into feed of the young larvae for culturing; after 3-instar larvae are reached, the feed of the old larvae is changed for continuous culture; collecting larval excrement after the tea-producing insects begin to eclosion, and removing impurities to obtain the hawk tea insect tea; the low-age larva food is prepared by taking young tips of glede tea as a raw material, fermenting, drying and crushing to obtain glede tea powder, and then mixing with corn flour and soybean flour; the feed for the senior larvae is litsea coreana fragments; the water content of the low-age larva food and the water content of the high-age larva food are both 20 wt%; according to the method, the tea-producing insect larva foodstuff is improved, the water content of the foodstuff is strictly controlled, and the larva is subjected to segmented culture to obtain the insect tea, so that the survival rate of the tea-producing insect is effectively improved, the obtained insect tea sand is uniform in particle, and the quality is improved.

Description

Sectional type production method of hawk tea insect tea

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of insect tea production, and particularly relates to a sectional type production method of hawk tea insect tea.

Background

The insect tea is prepared by processing excrement of specific host plants eaten by specific host insects, and is a special forestry insect product in Guizhou mountainous areas in China. The insect tea as a unique 'non-tea' tea has a long drinking history in China, is also popular in southeast Asia areas such as Singapore, Malaysia, southern sand and the like, and has become a famous special tea for traditional export in China. Researches show that the insect tea is rich in high-quality high-protein, crude fiber, mineral elements, amino acid and other nutritional ingredients, and has the effects of clearing heat, removing summer heat, detoxifying, invigorating stomach, aiding digestion and the like; has certain effects of reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, promoting the apoptosis of TCA8113 human tongue squamous carcinoma cells and inhibiting the growth of MCF-7 human mammary gland cells, and in addition, the crude polyphenol (KMICP) in the insect tea can also completely inhibit the growth of human liver cancer SMMC-7721 cells. The insect tea has higher nutritive value than common tea, such as Litsea coreana insect tea with higher contents of zinc, manganese, calcium and magnesium.

The raw material plants capable of producing the insect tea are more. A production method of insect tea (CN109007176A) comprises preparing folium Neocinnamomi Delavayi, cortex Cinnamomi Japonici leaf, cyclocarya paliurus leaf, flos Magnoliae leaf, oil tea leaf, and folium Lithocarpi polystachyos as raw materials; a method for preparing insect tea (CN105325640A) describes a method for preparing insect tea from folium Rubi Corchorifolii Immaturus and tender leaf of Rubus palmatus; "a flow production method of Liupu dark green insect tea" (CN102907539A) describes a production method of insect tea using Liupu dark green tea as raw material; the production method of the insect tea (CN107624933A) describes a production method of the insect tea by taking uncaria as a raw material, and limits the water content of the insect tea raw material to be 8-15%; a dendrobium nobile health protection insect tea and a preparation process thereof (CN108029815A) illustrate an insect tea production process which takes dendrobium nobile fresh leaves and red water insect tea as raw materials. The insect tea production raw material used by the invention is the cinnamomum parviflorum belonging to cinnamomum of Lauraceae, the species and the preparation method are completely different from the raw material plant species and the preparation method of the comparison document, and the larvae of the tea-producing insects are not fed in a sectional mode, and the proportion, the thickness and the feeding ratio of food materials are not limited.

The production method of the hawk tea (white tea) insect tea has been reported. The production method of the eagle tea insect tea (CN102870929A) describes the insect tea production process taking traditional eagle tea (white tea) as a raw material, and the diameter of the obtained tea grains is 1-5 mm, and the tea grains are actually undispersed tea grain groups; the insect tea production method that the raw material plant is dried in the air to the water content of 70-85% in the natural environment or dehydrated to the water content of 70-80% by a manual air drying or baking method is infeasible in the actual production because the water content of the raw material is higher, and both the raw material and the produced insect tea go moldy and go bad (CN105941754B) described in the method for producing the insect tea by the eagle tea; the raw material processing method described in the 'insect tea processing technology' (CN102754715A) is similar to the processing method of CN102870929A, and the production method of the traditional insect tea is mainly described; the preparation method of the longevity insect tea (CN105410276) explains that the raw material plant is processed by adopting a steaming mode to carry out three-stage high-temperature enzyme deactivation, then the natural fermentation is carried out for 72-84 h, and finally the method for producing the insect tea by attracting and gathering the spodoptera exigua to eat is provided, and the method has the defects that the raw material tea is not twisted, the aroma components in the leaves can not be completely released, and the fermentation time is too long after the steam enzyme deactivation, so that the raw material plant is easy to rot, sour and smelly; the method for producing the insect tea by using the white tea leaves as the raw materials (CN101023766A) describes a method for producing the insect tea by feeding the rice onyx borer like insect foils used for feeding silkworms after the tender leaves of the cinnamomum pardaneum are naturally dried; a method for preparing insect tea (CN104543252A) describes a method for producing insect tea by using tender leaves of Cinnamomum parviflorum and Ginkgo biloba in a mass ratio of 1:0.08 and steaming green tea.

Three main problems mainly exist in the production of the traditional insect tea: firstly, the survival rate of the tea-producing insects of the young larvae is low, so that the yield of the insects and the tea is reduced; secondly, the insect tea sand has uneven particle size, and the selling phase of the product is not good; thirdly, the quality of the insect tea product is poor. The invention provides a specific solution for the first time aiming at the defects.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of low survival rate of tea-producing insects, uneven tea sand particles, poor quality and the like in the traditional insect tea production process, the invention provides a sectional type production method of the Litsea coreana insect tea.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme:

a sectional production method of hawk tea insect tea comprises the following steps: dispersing eggs of a tea-producing insect, namely the tridentiger, into feed of the young larvae for culturing; after 3-instar larvae are reached, the feed of the old larvae is changed for continuous culture; collecting larval excrement after the tea-producing insects begin to eclosion, and removing impurities to obtain the hawk tea insect tea;

the low-age larva food is prepared by taking young tips of glede tea as a raw material, fermenting, drying and crushing to obtain glede tea powder, and then mixing with corn flour and soybean flour;

the feed for the senior larvae is litsea coreana fragments;

the water content of the low-age larva food and the high-age larva food is 20 wt%.

Further, the tender tips of the hawk tea are the hawk tea which germinates and grows for 45-50 days in spring.

Further, the processing of withering for 24 hours and then twisting for 120min is carried out before fermenting the young tips of the hawk tea.

Further, the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃ and the fermentation time is 600 min.

Further, the mass ratio of the hawk tea powder, the corn flour and the soybean flour in the diet for the low-age larvae is 7:1: 2.

Further, the particle size of the eagle tea powder, the corn flour and the soybean flour is 60 meshes.

Further, the hawk tea fragments are hawk tea sieved by a 120-wire sieve.

Further, the low-age larva food and the high-age larva food are sterilized before use, specifically, steam sterilization is carried out for 40min at 121 ℃ and 0.1 MPa.

Further, the dosage of the feed for the low-age larvae is as follows: 1.0g of eggs per insect, and the feed dosage of the senior larvae is as follows: 5.0g of each larva.

Further, the culture conditions are: and (4) keeping out of the sun, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80-90%.

Further, the impurity removal is to screen the larval excrement through a 35-mesh screen. .

Further, the operation of baking at 120-140 ℃ until the water content is less than 15% is included after impurity removal.

The survival rate of larvae is directly influenced by the tenderness degree of food, particularly the survival rate of low-age larvae, the raw material of the hawk tea is relatively coarse, and the low-age larvae are difficult to take food, so that the survival rate of the low-age larvae of tea-producing insects is low; meanwhile, the water content of the foodstuff has a remarkable influence on the survival rate of the larvae, the water content of the raw materials is less than 20 percent, the larvae are not easy to eat and die when the raw materials are too dry, and thus the yield of the insect tea is reduced; and if the water content of the raw materials is more than 20 percent, the raw materials are easy to mildew if being too wet, and the quality of the insect tea product is influenced.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the method, young tips of the hawk tea are fermented and crushed to obtain the hawk tea powder, and the corn flour and the soybean flour are added to serve as the food materials of the low-age larvae of the tea-producing insects, so that the hawk tea powder is moderate in texture, is beneficial to the low-age larvae to drill and eat, is not easy to decay, can obviously improve the survival rate of the low-age larvae, and improves the yield of the worm tea.

(2) The invention accurately controls the water content of the tea-producing insect foodstuff, is beneficial to the feeding of larvae on one hand, and improves the survival rate of the larvae and the yield of tea sand; on the other hand, the insect tea can prevent the larvae from eating moldy food due to overhigh water content, so that the insect tea has low quality and bad color.

(3) The invention firstly adopts a sectional type culture method to feed tea-producing insects, the obtained insect tea sand particles are more uniform, and the yield of high-quality tea sand is effectively improved.

(4) The invention can improve the survival rate of the tea-producing insect of the tridentiger nubilalis larva from 34.2 percent to more than 90 percent, and the tea-producing efficiency is 1.65 times of that of the traditional insect tea production method; the invention can provide reliable technical support for large-scale production of the insect tea.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

Example 1

Study on influence of different formulas of food on survival rate of tridentiger larvae

Picking tender tips of the eagle tea which germinates and grows for 45-50 d in Meitan county in Guizhou province in late 4 th day, withering for 24h, kneading for 120min, fermenting for 600min at 25 ℃, drying by slow fire at 50 ℃, crushing, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermented eagle tea powder; drying commercially available traditional Litsea coreana, pulverizing, and sieving with 60 mesh sieve to obtain traditional Litsea coreana powder; pulverizing semen Maydis and semen glycines, sieving with 60 mesh sieve respectively, preparing into food of Mionyx borer of low age larva according to formula shown in Table 1, placing the uniformly mixed food of low age larva in a container, steam sterilizing at 121 deg.C under 0.1MPa for 40min, and taking out.

Placing 30 adult insects into an insect breeding tank (diameter is 10cm, height is 20cm), covering the top of the insect breeding tank with 100-mesh nylon gauze, standing the insect breeding tank upside down in a clean vessel, and lightly shaking to obtain insect eggs. 200 eggs were individually placed in diets of different compositions, and the traditional feeding method (whole larval stage directly fed with untreated dried litsea coreana leaves) was used as a control. And after incubation and culture until the head width of the larva is about 1.2mm and the larva reaches 3 instar, recording the number of the 3 instar larva in each treatment, calculating the survival rate (%) of the low instar larva, and repeating the treatment for 5 times.

Survival rate (%) of the low-instar larvae was 3 instar larvae/egg count × 100%

The culture conditions are as follows: and (4) keeping out of the sun, wherein the room temperature is 25-30 ℃, the relative humidity is 80-90%, and the water content of the foodstuff is 20%.

TABLE 1

As can be seen from the table 1, the survival rate of the lower age larvae of the Trionyx longissimus fed by the foodstuff with different formulas is remarkably different. The survival rate of the young larvae fed by the traditional method is the lowest, and is only 34.2 percent; the survival rate of the traditional eagle tea powder feeding is 45.4 percent; when the food contains fermented eagle tea powder, the survival rate of the young larvae is higher and is more than 70 percent; wherein when the mass ratio of the fermented eagle tea powder to the corn flour to the soybean flour is 7:1:2, the survival rate of the young larvae is the highest and reaches 91.0%.

Comparative example 1

In late ten days of 4 months, picking tender tips of the Litsea coreana which germinate and grow for 45-50 days in Meitan county in Guizhou province as a raw material, withering for 24 hours, kneading for 120min, drying with slow fire at 50 ℃, crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain non-fermented Litsea coreana tea powder;

the fermented eagle tea powder in the food formula 5 of the tridentiger larva of the rice onyx nubilalis of example 1 was replaced with the non-fermented eagle tea powder, and the survival rate of the larva of the hyponymy was counted to 67.2% in the same manner as in example 1.

Comparative example 2

In late ten days of 4 months, picking tender tips of the Litsea coreana which germinate and grow for 45-50 days in Meitan county in Guizhou province as a raw material, withering for 24 hours, fermenting for 600min at 25 ℃, drying by slow fire at 50 ℃, crushing, and sieving by a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermented Litsea coreana powder II;

the fermented eagle tea powder in the feed formula 5 for the trident borer younger larvae in example 1 was replaced with the fermented eagle tea powder ii described above, and the survival rate of younger larvae was counted to 65.6% as in example 1.

Example 2

Study on influence of foodstuffs with different water contents on survival rate of tridentiger nubilalis larvae

Placing 30 Gonymus tricolor adults in an insect breeding tank (the diameter is 10cm, the height is 20cm), covering the top of the insect breeding tank with 100-mesh nylon gauze, standing the insect breeding tank upside down in a clean vessel, and slightly shaking to obtain insect eggs. The raised hawk tea powder, corn flour and potato flour in the mass ratio of 7:1:2 in example 1 were used to culture the larva of the tridentiger tridentate: 200 obtained worm eggs are put into 200g of foodstuff, and the water content of the foodstuff is set to be 15%, 20% and 25%. And after incubation and culture until the head width of the larva is about 1.2mm and the larva reaches 3 instar, recording the number of the 3 instar larva in each treatment, calculating the survival rate (%) of the low instar larva, and repeating the treatment for 5 times.

The culture conditions are as follows: and (4) keeping out of the sun, wherein the room temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80-90%.

The results obtained are shown in Table 2.

TABLE 2

As can be seen from Table 2, the water content of the feed affects the survival rate of the larva of the tridentiger, and when the water content of the feed is 15%, the survival rate of the larva of the tridentiger is the lowest, and is only 67.6%; when the water content of the food is 20%, the survival rate of the young larvae is the highest and reaches 90.2%; when the water content of the food is 25%, the larvae after partial hatching are infected with bacteria and dead, and the survival rate is only 69.2%.

Baking the excrement of the larvae obtained in different treatments at 120-140 ℃ until the water content is less than 15%, observing the color of the larvae, and finding that the color of the insect tea obtained by the treatment of two groups of foods with the water contents of 15% and 20% is brighter and is reddish brown, while the color of the insect tea obtained by the treatment of the foods with the water content of 25% is darker and is dark brown, which is because the food is easy to mildew when the water content of the food is higher than 20%, and the larvae eat mildew food, which causes the color of the insect tea to be poor.

Example 3

Research on influence of sectional type culture of tea-producing insects on insect tea yield

Preparing a feed for the tridentiger larva (1-2 instars): taking young tips of eagle tea which germinates and grows for 45-50 days in spring as a raw material, withering for 24h, rolling for 120min, fermenting for 600min at 25 ℃, drying with slow fire at 50 ℃, crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fermented eagle tea powder; and crushing the corn and the soybean, respectively sieving the crushed corn and soybean with a 60-mesh sieve, and preparing the low-age larval food according to the ratio of 7:1:2 of the fermented eagle tea powder, the corn powder and the soybean powder.

Feed for aged larvae of Trionyx longicorn (3-5 instars): sieving with 120-mesh sieve.

The foodstuff of the Trionyx tridentatus larva and the larva with high age is filled in a container, and is taken out after steam sterilization at 121 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 40 min.

Collecting worm eggs: placing 30 Gonymus tricolor adults in an insect breeding tank (the diameter is 10cm, the height is 20cm), covering the top of the insect breeding tank with 100-mesh nylon gauze, standing the insect breeding tank upside down in a clean vessel, and slightly shaking to obtain insect eggs. The average weight of 1000 eggs is 0.0605 g.

Subsequently, 0.3025g of eggs (about 5000 eggs) were evenly dispersed in 5kg of a diet of young larvae and repeated 5 times. And hatching and culturing until the head width of the larva is about 1.2mm to reach 3-instar larva.

Then, the 3 rd larva was taken out and evenly dispersed into the food of the higher-aged larva, 200 insects were thrown into 1kg of the food, the survival number of the 3 rd larva was estimated according to the survival rate in example 1, and the amount of the food of the higher-aged larva to be thrown in each treatment was calculated based on the survival number, and the specific throwing amount is shown in table 3.

The culture conditions are as follows: and (4) keeping out of the sun, wherein the room temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80-90%. Keeping the water content of the food material at 20%.

The control was made by conventional rearing methods (rearing of whole larvae directly from dry leaves of Litsea coreana without any treatment).

After the tea-producing insects begin to eclosion, the excreta of the old larvae are collected. Removing impurities with a 35-mesh sieve to obtain the insect tea with the diameter of 0.5-1 mm (excrement of low-age larvae and high-age larvae cultured by the traditional feeding method is collected, and the impurities are removed with the 35-mesh sieve, wherein the diameter range of the obtained insect tea is 0.2-1 mm, but the insect tea with the diameter of 0.2-0.5 mm accounts for 40 percent). Placing the insect tea in a white porcelain dish, baking at 120-140 ℃ until the water content is less than 15%, and sealing and packaging. Weighing insect tea, and calculating tea yield (%):

the tea yield (%) is equal to the weight of insect tea/the weight of the thrown hawk tea multiplied by 100 percent

The results are shown in Table 3.

TABLE 3

As can be seen from table 3: the sectional type larva feeding method can be used for producing the insect tea, and the tea yield can be obviously improved. The insect tea is produced by adopting the traditional method, and the tea yield is only 29.3 percent; the sectional method is adopted to produce the insect tea, and the tea yield can reach 48.4 percent.

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered as the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A sectional type production method of hawk tea insect tea is characterized by comprising the following steps: dispersing eggs of a tea-producing insect, namely the tridentiger, into feed of the young larvae for culturing; after 3-instar larvae are reached, the feed of the old larvae is changed for continuous culture; collecting larval excrement after the tea-producing insects begin to eclosion, and removing impurities to obtain the hawk tea insect tea;

the feed for the senior larvae is litsea coreana fragments;

2. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the young tips of the eagle tea are eagle tea which germinates and grows for 45-50 days in spring.

3. The production method of claim 1, wherein the young tips of the hawk tea are further treated by withering for 24 hours and then rolling for 120min before fermentation.

4. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation temperature is 25 ℃ and the fermentation time is 600 min.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the low-instar larval diet comprises eagle tea powder, corn flour, and soybean flour in a mass ratio of 7:1: 2.

6. The method of producing as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pieces of eagle tea are 120-wire sifted eagle tea.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the young and old larval food materials are sterilized before use, specifically steam sterilized at 121 ℃ and 0.1MPa for 40 min.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the low-instar larval diet is administered in an amount of: 1.0g of eggs per insect, and the feed dosage of the senior larvae is as follows: 5.0g of each larva.

9. The production method according to claim 1, wherein the culture conditions are: and (4) keeping out of the sun, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is 80-90%.

10. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of removing impurities comprises passing the larval excreta through a 35 mesh screen.