CN112853543A - 有色微米丝复合超细纤维及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维及其制备方法,包含以下重量份组成:有色母粒5‑7份、聚酯类高分子50‑70份、聚酰胺类高分子20‑50份;其特征是所述聚酯类高分子是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;所述聚酰胺类高分子是尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙46、尼龙610、尼龙612或尼龙12中的一种。其优点是:采用熔融纺丝的方法,具有良好的纤维特性,柔性好,吸湿性、透气性佳。通过采用有色母粒添加的方式,最大程度的降低对熔融纺丝工艺的变动,实现灵活多样,达到随时及时更换品种的特点,得到的有色超细纤维产品色差小、色牢度好、不易褪色并且易于工业化生产,对环境友好、减少三废污染。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及化纤技术领域,特别是一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维及其制备方法。
背景技术
超细纤维由于纤度极细,大大降低了丝的刚度,作成织物手感极为柔软,纤维细还可增加丝的层状结构,增大比表面积和毛细效应,使纤维内部反射光在表面分布更细腻,使之具有真丝般的高雅光泽,并有良好的吸湿散湿性。传统工业上大多采用染色的方法来得到有色超细纤维,但是这种方法不仅染色效果较差,还会造成一定的环境污染。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决上述技术的不足而提供一种对环境友好、染色效果好的有色微米丝复合超细纤维及其制备方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明所提供的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,包含以下重量份组成:有色母粒5-7份、聚酯类高分子50-70份、聚酰胺类高分子20-50份;其特征是所述聚酯类高分子是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;所述聚酰胺类高分子是尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙46、尼龙610、尼龙612或尼龙12中的一种。
所述有色母粒,其制备过程如下:首先将重量份的40-80份聚合物粉、5-30份的着色剂、1-10份助剂混合均匀,加热反应30min,待冷却后研磨成粉即得有色母粒。
所述聚合物粉为低熔点聚酯,着色剂包含无机颜料或有机颜料或油性染料,所述助剂包含分散剂和偶联剂;所述分散剂是白油或聚乙烯蜡或氧化乙烯蜡中的一种或几种;所述偶联剂是硅烷或钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
本发明提供的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、真空干燥:将聚酯类高分子和聚酰胺类高分子在60-160℃下干燥8-24h;
步骤二、熔融纺丝:采用熔融纺丝的方法,将有色母粒、聚酯类高分子和聚酰胺类高分子熔体熔融混合后,再挤出拉丝,环吹风冷却、集束上油、牵伸卷绕制备得到有色微米丝复合预取向丝;
步骤三、假捻变形:将有色微米丝复合预取向丝经过拉伸假捻变形,制得有色微米丝复合纤维,通过碱处理超声波开纤法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维;所述碱处理超声波开纤法是将有色微米丝复合超细纤维以丙酮为介质进行碱处理超声波开纤得到的:取一定量微米丝复合纤维称重,配置含量为1mol/L的碳酸钠/丙酮溶液,在常温环境下进行碱处理超声波开纤,随后再进行清水洗、酸洗、清水洗至中性,烘干静置,称重切片,进行纤维特性测试,开纤后所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维直径为0.1-5微米;所述碱处理超声波开纤法的超声功率为500w,时间为20分钟,浴比为1:100,采用乙酸溶液酸洗。
所述熔融纺丝工艺的工艺参数为:熔融纺丝温度为270-280℃,环吹风风速为0.45±0.05m/min,环吹风温度为23-25℃,环吹风湿度为35-45RH%,POY的牵伸倍数为1.5-2.0倍,POY的纺丝速度为2800-3500m/min,FDY的牵伸倍数为3.0-4.5倍,纺丝速度为4000-4800m/min。
本发明得到的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维及其制备方法,其优点是:本发明采用熔融纺丝的方法,具有良好的纤维特性,柔性好,吸湿性、透气性佳。通过采用有色母粒添加的方式,最大程度的降低对熔融纺丝工艺的变动,实现灵活多样,达到随时及时更换品种的特点,得到的有色超细纤维产品色差小、色牢度好、不易褪色并且易于工业化生产,对环境友好、减少三废污染。
具体实施方式
为了更清晰地理解本发明的技术方案,下面通过实施例对本发明作进一步的举例说明。
实施例1:
本实施例描述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,包含以下重量份组成:5份有色母粒、50份聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯、20份尼龙6,所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维是以丙酮为介质进行碱处理超声波开纤得到的。
在此,有色母粒的制备过程可以是:首先将重量份的40份低熔点聚酯、5份的炭黑、1份聚乙烯腊和硅烷混合均匀,加热反应30min,待冷却后研磨成粉即得有色母粒。
有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、真空干燥。将聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和尼龙6在60℃下干燥8h。
步骤二、熔融纺丝。采用熔融纺丝的方法,将有色母粒、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和尼龙6熔体熔融混合后,再汇入复合箱体进行复合纺丝,环吹风冷却、集束上油、牵伸卷绕制备得到有色微米丝复合预取向丝。
所述熔融纺丝工艺的工艺参数为:复合熔融纺丝温度为270℃,环吹风风速为0.4m/min,环吹风温度为23℃,环吹风湿度为35RH%,POY的牵伸倍数为1.5倍,POY的纺丝速度为2800m/min,FDY的牵伸倍数为3.0倍,纺丝速度为4000m/min。
步骤三、假捻变形。将有色微米丝复合预取向丝经过拉伸假捻变形,制得有色微米丝复合纤维,通过碱处理超声波开纤法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维。
所述碱处理超声波开纤法方法如下:取1份有色微米丝复合纤维称重,同时配置100份含量为1mol/L的碳酸钠/丙酮溶液,浴比为1:100,在常温环境下进行碱处理超声波开纤,超声时间为20分钟,超声功率为500w,随后再进行清水洗、酸洗、清水洗至中性,烘干静置,称重切片,进行纤维特性测试。
所得纤维特性如表1所示。
实施例2:
本实施例描述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,包含以下重量份组成:7份有色母粒、70份聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、50份尼龙12,所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维是以丙酮为介质进行碱处理超声波开纤得到的。
在此,有色母粒的制备过程可以是:首先将重量份的80份聚合物粉、30份永固橙RN、10份白油和硅烷混合均匀,加热反应30min,待冷却后研磨成粉即得有色母粒。
有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、真空干燥。将聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和尼龙12在160℃下干燥24h。
步骤二、熔融纺丝。采用熔融纺丝的方法,将有色母粒、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和尼龙12熔体熔融混合后,再汇入复合箱体进行复合纺丝,环吹风冷却、集束上油、牵伸卷绕制备得到有色微米丝复合预取向丝。
所述熔融纺丝工艺的工艺参数为:复合熔融纺丝温度为280℃,环吹风风速为0.5m/min,环吹风温度为25℃,环吹风湿度为45RH%,POY的牵伸倍数为2.0倍,POY的纺丝速度为3500m/min,FDY的牵伸倍数为4.5倍,纺丝速度为4800m/min。
步骤三、假捻变形。将有色微米丝复合预取向丝经过拉伸假捻变形,制得有色微米丝复合纤维,通过碱处理超声波开纤法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维。
所述碱处理超声波开纤法方法如下:取1份有色微米丝复合纤维称重,同时配置100份含量为1mol/L的碳酸钠/丙酮溶液,浴比为1:100,在常温环境下进行碱处理超声波开纤,超声时间为20分钟,超声功率为500w,随后再进行清水洗、酸洗、清水洗至中性,烘干静置,称重切片,进行纤维特性测试。
所得纤维特性如表1所示。
实施例3:
本实施例描述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,包含以下重量份组成:6份有色母粒、60份聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、35份尼龙46,所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维是以丙酮为介质进行碱处理超声波开纤得到的。
在此,有色母粒的制备过程可以是:首先将重量份的60份聚合物粉、17.5份直接大红4B、5.5份氧化乙烯腊和钛酸酯混合均匀,加热反应30min,待冷却后研磨成粉即得有色母粒。
有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、真空干燥。将聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和尼龙46在110℃下干燥16h。
步骤二、熔融纺丝。采用熔融纺丝的方法,将有色母粒、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯和尼龙46熔体熔融混合后,再汇入复合箱体进行复合纺丝,环吹风冷却、集束上油、牵伸卷绕制备得到有色微米丝复合预取向丝。
所述熔融纺丝工艺的工艺参数为:复合熔融纺丝温度为275℃,环吹风风速为0.45m/min,环吹风温度为24℃,环吹风湿度为40RH%,POY的牵伸倍数为1.75倍,POY的纺丝速度为3150m/min,FDY的牵伸倍数为3.25倍,纺丝速度为4400m/min。
步骤三、假捻变形。将有色微米丝复合预取向丝经过拉伸假捻变形,制得有色微米丝复合纤维,通过碱处理超声波开纤法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维。
所述碱处理超声波开纤法方法如下:取1份有色微米丝复合纤维称重,同时配置100份含量为1mol/L的碳酸钠/丙酮溶液,浴比为1:100,在常温环境下进行碱处理超声波开纤,超声时间为20分钟,超声功率为500w,随后再进行清水洗、酸洗、清水洗至中性,烘干静置,称重切片,进行纤维特性测试。
所得纤维特性如表1所示。
实施例1-3制备得到的有色微米丝复合超细纤维的纤维特性如下表所示。
表1纤维特性表
如表1中结果所示,本发明采用有色母粒添加,碱处理超声开纤的方法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维,所得超细纤维直径小于0.5微米,纤维强度大于3cN/dtex,弹性回复率大于90%,采用常规方法测试方法测得本发明制得的有色微米丝复合超细纤维的耐光牢度为6级,耐色牢度为4级。
Claims (5)
1.一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,包含以下重量份组成:有色母粒5-7份、聚酯类高分子50-70份、聚酰胺类高分子20-50份;其特征是所述聚酯类高分子是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯或聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯;所述聚酰胺类高分子是尼龙6、尼龙66、尼龙46、尼龙610、尼龙612或尼龙12中的一种。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,其特征是所述有色母粒,其制备过程如下:首先将重量份的40-80份聚合物粉、5-30份的着色剂、1-10份助剂混合均匀,加热反应30 min,待冷却后研磨成粉即得有色母粒。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维,其特征是所述聚合物粉为低熔点聚酯,着色剂包含无机颜料或有机颜料或油性染料,所述助剂包含分散剂和偶联剂;所述分散剂是白油或聚乙烯蜡或氧化乙烯蜡中的一种或几种;所述偶联剂是硅烷或钛酸酯中的一种或几种。
4.一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法,其特征是所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法包括如下步骤:
步骤一、真空干燥:将聚酯类高分子和聚酰胺类高分子在60-160℃下干燥8-24h;
步骤二、熔融纺丝:采用熔融纺丝的方法,将有色母粒、聚酯类高分子和聚酰胺类高分子熔体熔融混合后,再挤出拉丝,环吹风冷却、集束上油、牵伸卷绕制备得到有色微米丝复合预取向丝;
步骤三、假捻变形:将有色微米丝复合预取向丝经过拉伸假捻变形,制得有色微米丝复合纤维,通过碱处理超声波开纤法得到有色微米丝复合超细纤维;所述碱处理超声波开纤法是将有色微米丝复合超细纤维以丙酮为介质进行碱处理超声波开纤得到的:取一定量微米丝复合纤维称重,配置含量为1mol/L的碳酸钠/丙酮溶液,在常温环境下进行碱处理超声波开纤,随后再进行清水洗、酸洗、清水洗至中性,烘干静置,称重切片,进行纤维特性测试,开纤后所述有色微米丝复合超细纤维直径为0.1-5微米;所述碱处理超声波开纤法的超声功率为500w,时间为20分钟,浴比为1:100,采用乙酸溶液酸洗。
5.根据权利要求4所述的一种有色微米丝复合超细纤维制备方法,其特征是所述熔融纺丝工艺的工艺参数为:熔融纺丝温度为270-280℃,环吹风风速为0.45±0.05 m/min,环吹风温度为23-25℃,环吹风湿度为35-45 RH%,POY的牵伸倍数为1.5-2.0倍,POY的纺丝速度为2800-3500 m/min,FDY的牵伸倍数为3.0-4.5倍,纺丝速度为4000-4800 m/min。
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