CN112844301A - 一种二聚体羧基吸附剂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种二聚体羧基吸附剂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN112844301A
CN112844301A CN202011587940.7A CN202011587940A CN112844301A CN 112844301 A CN112844301 A CN 112844301A CN 202011587940 A CN202011587940 A CN 202011587940A CN 112844301 A CN112844301 A CN 112844301A
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carboxylic acid
carboxyl
adsorbent
dimer
porous matrix
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CN112844301B (zh
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张炜铭
计成汉
潘丙才
花铭
吕路
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Nanjing University
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Nanjing University
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种二聚体羧基吸附剂及其制备方法与应用,属于水处理技术领域。以二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的吸附材料作为基体,在进行解吸附时,所需水体温度低,有效保证了循环使用过程中的解吸附能力、吸附容量、结构稳定性。

Description

一种二聚体羧基吸附剂及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明属于纳米复合功能材料污水处理领域,更具体地说,涉及一种带有羧酸二聚体材料的制备与应用。
背景技术
重金属污染物一般具有生物累积性强、毒性大、难以生物降解等特点,因此趋零排放是必然选择。化学沉淀法广泛应用于多种工业废水中重金属的去除,如印染废水、电镀废水、采矿废水等。但是化学沉淀法处理后的废水中重金属残留浓度往往还有0.5~1.0mg/L,难以满足日益严格的排放标准,比如GB21900-2008规定的特别排放标准中,铅的出水浓度要小于0.3mg/L;镍和铅的出水浓度要小于0.1mg/L等。因此,化学沉淀之后还需要深度处理进一步降低重金属的浓度。吸附法具有操作简单、效率高和成本低等特点,是处理痕量重金属(<1.0mg/L)的最实用的方法之一。目前,各种各样的吸附剂,如金属-有机框架聚合物(Metal-Organic Frameworks,MOFs)、树脂、沸石和活性炭等,被广泛应用于痕量重金属的深度去除。
虽然优良的吸附能力很重要,但在实际应用中评估吸附剂的可行性和成本时,优异的再生性能往往是更为关键的,甚至是一个主导因素。强酸再生(如HCl、H2SO4)是一种典型而有效的方法,通过大量的H+的竞争作用,使得重金属有效的从吸附剂上脱附下来,从而实现吸附剂的再生(Ting Li,etc.Efficient removal of nickel(II)from highsalinity wastewater by a novel PAA/ZIF-8/PVDF hybrid ultrafiltrationmembrane.Water Research 143(2018)87-98.)。但是,这种方法需要过量的酸来确保吸附剂的充分再生,再生所需的酸量通常是吸附量的10~100倍。酸的过量使用不仅会增加后续的处理成本(再生后过量的对酸性流出液需要同等当量的强碱进行中和,碱的成本是酸的4到5倍,会大大增加后续处理成本);而且化学试剂的使用会造成环境污染等问题;甚至大量的酸会对吸附剂的结构造成潜在破坏,影响后续重金属废水的处理效果(RanwenOu,etc.Thermoresponsive Amphoteric Metal-Organic Frameworks for Effcient andReversible Adsorption of Multiple Salts from Water.Advanced Materials 30(2018)1802767.)。因此,开发一种不需要化学试剂的方式实现重金属吸附剂的再生具有重要的经济意义和环境效益。
基于此,计成汉等人(Chenghan Ji,etc.Temperature regulated adsorptionand desorption of heavy metals to A-MIL-121:Mechanisms and the role ofexchangeable protons.Water Research.189(2021)116599.),制备了一种具有二羧酸聚体的温敏性MOFs材料,在深度去除水中微量的重金属污染物同时,不采用化学试剂,仅仅通过热水就能实现MOFs材料的有效再生,不仅具有理想的吸附效果,且再生效果理想,无二次污染。但上述方案存在以下问题:一、然而MOFs材料价格昂贵;二、具有二羧酸聚体的温敏性MOFs材料其进行解吸附时比较理想的水体温度为80℃及以上,导致其循环使用十次之后开始出现解吸附能力、吸附容量下降,结构不稳定的问题,难以在水处理领域大规模应用。
发明内容
1.要解决的问题
针对现有二羧酸聚体的MOF材料在含有重金属废水处理方面的应用时,循环使用过程中易出现解吸附能力、吸附容量下降、结构不稳定的问题,本发明提供一种二聚体羧基吸附剂,以二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的吸附材料作为基体,在进行解吸附时,所需水体温度低,有效保证了循环使用过程中的解吸附能力、吸附容量、结构稳定;
同时本发明提供了一种二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法。
2.技术方案
为了解决上述问题,本发明所采用的技术方案如下:
一种二聚体羧基吸附剂,所述二聚体羧基吸附剂,包括多孔基体,和负载于多孔基体上的羧酸二聚体;所述负载位置包括多孔基体的表面和/或多孔基体的孔内;
所述多孔基体的平均孔径尺寸不低于2nm;
所述多孔基体的最小孔径尺寸不低于1.5nm;
其中,所述羧酸二聚体通过至少以下一种方式负载于多孔基体上:
a)所述羧酸二聚体通过Si-OH键负载于多孔基体上;
b)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与氯的交换负载于多孔基体上;
c)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
d)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与铝或硅配位负载于多孔基体上。
进一步地,所述多孔基体原料包括至少一种选自二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类和沸石类的吸附材料;
若所述多孔基体原料为二氧化硅类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过Si-OH键负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为多孔树脂类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与树脂中氯的交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为生物炭类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为壳聚糖类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为活性炭类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为沸石类类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与铝或硅配位负载于多孔基体上。
进一步地,所述多孔基体原料包括至少一种选自二氧化硅(SBA-15)、大孔苯乙烯树脂(MP树脂)、生物炭(WS)、壳聚糖、活性炭和沸石的吸附材料;
所述SBA-15的比表面积为1000~1050m2/g;平均孔径为6.5~7nm;
所述MP树脂的比表面积为25~30m2/g;平均孔径为10.5~12nm;
所述WS的比表面积为30~50m2/g;平均孔径为5~7.5nm;
所述壳聚糖的比表面积为105~150m2/g;平均孔径为4.6~5.2nm;
所述活性炭的比表面积为1200~1300m2/g;平均孔径为3.5~4.0nm;
所述沸石的比表面积为25~35m2/g;平均孔径为2.0~3.0nm。
进一步地,所述的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15的比表面积为760~800m2/g;介孔平均孔径为5~6nm;
所述带有羧酸二聚体的MP树脂的比表面积为10~15m2/g;平均孔径为5.5~6nm;
所述带有羧酸二聚体的WS的比表面积为20~30m2/g;平均孔径为8.5~10nm;
所述带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖的比表面积为55~120m2/g;平均孔径为3.8~4.5nm;
所述带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭的比表面积为900~1000m2/g;平均孔径为2.0~3.0nm;
所述带有羧酸二聚体的沸石的比表面积为18~26m2/g;平均孔径为1.6~2.2nm。
一种二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法,包括,
1)制备含有多孔基体原料及羧酸的分散液或乳液;
2)将所得分散液置于密封性良好的空间内,一定温度下反应,以制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;或
将所得乳液与交联固化剂以滴加的形式混合,以制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中,所述羧酸中羧基的含量至少为三个。
进一步地,所述羧酸为羧基的含量为偶数个的有机酸,且所述偶数个羧基在有机酸的分子结构中呈对称分布。
进一步地,所述步骤2中,将分散液置于反应釜中,进行水热反应;或,将分散液或乳液置于加热回流装置中,进行加热回流处理。
其中,所述水热反应时,反应温度为250~350℃;所述加热回流时,反应温度为90~105℃。
进一步地,若所述多孔基体原料为二氧化硅类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)以甲苯为溶剂,制备含有二氧化硅类吸附材料、接枝原料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液置于加热回流装置中,进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述二氧化硅类吸附材料、接枝材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(4~10):(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为多孔树脂类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有多孔树脂类吸附材料、二氯甲烷及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于70~90℃下搅拌6h,随后置于加热回流装置中,以2~5℃/h的速度加热到105℃进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述多孔树脂类吸附材料、二氯甲烷与羧酸的质量比为4:(4~10):(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于反应釜中,进行水热反应,所述反应温度为300℃、反应时间为3h;
其中所述生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为壳聚糖类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有壳聚糖类吸附材料、乙酸溶液、致孔剂及羧酸的溶液,并在40~60℃条件下高速搅拌10~20min使体系成乳液状;
2)向所得乳液体系中滴加戊二醛溶液作为交联剂固化25~30min,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述乳液体系中壳聚糖类吸附材料、乙酸溶液、致孔剂与羧酸的质量比为2:(1~2):1~5):(1~4);所述戊二醛溶液的浓度为1%~2%;所述乳液体系与戊二醛溶液的体积比为100:(1~2)。
若所述多孔基体原料为沸石类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有沸石类吸附材料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于60℃下搅拌2~3h,随后置于加热回流装置中,以5~15℃/h的速度加热到90℃进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述沸石类吸附材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(1~4)。
进一步地,所述二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法还包括过滤、洗涤、干燥步骤。
进一步地,所述多孔基体原料包括至少一种选自二氧化硅、多孔树脂、生物炭、壳聚糖、活性炭以及沸石的吸附材料。
利用上述二聚体羧基吸附剂进行含水处理的方法,包括
1)利用二聚体羧基吸附剂对重金属离子型污染物废水进行吸附处理;
2)二聚体羧基吸附剂吸附达到饱和时,将二聚体羧基吸附剂取出,进行脱附再生;
其中,1)中离子型污染物的pH值为4~10;
2)中利用温水对二聚体羧基吸附剂进行脱附再生,所述温水的温度需低于80℃。
进一步地,所述脱附再生温水的温度为60-70℃;脱附再生时间为1~10h;脱附再生循环20次之后,脱附率下降量低于5%。
所述重金属离子型污染物包含但不限于Hg2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Zn2+以及Cr3+
3.有益效果
相比于现有技术,本发明的有益效果为:
(1)本发明提供的二聚体羧基吸附剂,利用吸附材料外表面的酸性功能基团(如羧基、羟基等)吸附重金属阳离子;吸附完成后,可将材料在一定温度的水中浸泡,在通过升高温度使得吸附材料中羧酸二聚体破坏断裂,从而释放出大量H+从而与吸附的重金属离子产生竞争作用,使得吸附材料实现有效再生,有效的解决了吸附剂再生过程中再生效果不理想及再生剂二次污染的问题,到绿色再生的目的;
(2)MOF是粉末材料实际使用后回收难度较大,容易造成材料浪费,与负载有羧酸二聚体的MOFs材料相比,本发明提供的二聚体羧基吸附剂,可以制备成尺寸更大的块状或者球状,便于回收和循环使用;
(3)本发明提供的二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法,以二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的吸附材料作为基体,其上进行羧酸二聚体地负载,与负载有羧酸二聚体的MOFs材料相比,在进行解吸附时,所需水体温度更低,有效保证了循环使用过程中的解吸附能力、吸附容量、结构稳定;且二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的吸附材料成本低于MOFs,降低了吸附剂使用成本的同时大大提升了实际应用前景。
附图说明
图1为实施例1中带有羧酸二聚体SBA-15材料的扫描电镜照片;
图2为实施例4中带有羧酸二聚体树脂MP材料的扫描电镜照片;
图3为实施例5中带有羧酸二聚体生物炭WS材料的扫描电镜照片;
图4为实施例1中带有羧酸二聚体SBA-15材料的比表面积图;
图5为实施例1中带有羧酸二聚体SBA-15材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图6为实施例4中带有羧酸二聚体树脂MP材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图7为实施例5中带有羧酸二聚体生物炭WS材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图8为实施例6中带有羧酸二聚体壳聚糖材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图9为实施例7中带有羧酸二聚体活性炭材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图10为实施例8中带有羧酸二聚体沸石材料对Pb2+吸附及热水再生图;
图11为实施例1中带有羧酸二聚体SBA-15材料、实施例4中带有羧酸二聚体树脂MP材料、实施例5中带有羧酸二聚体生物炭WS材料、实施例6中带有羧酸二聚体壳聚糖材料、施例9中带有羧酸二聚体活性炭材料、实施例8中带有羧酸二聚体沸石材料、实施例10中带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料对Pb2+吸附及利用60℃的温水再生的循环示意图;
图12为利用80℃的温水对实施例1中带有羧酸二聚体SBA-15材料进行再生的循环示意图;
图13为利用80℃的温水对实施例10中带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料进行再生的循环示意图;
图14为大孔苯乙烯树脂经二氯甲烷浸泡后的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明的实质特点和显著效果可以从下述的实施例中得以体现,所描述的实施例是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例,因此,它们并不对本发明作任何限制,本领域的技术人员根据本发明的内容做出一些非本质的改进和调整,均属于本发明的保护范围。
除非另有定义,本文所使用的所有的技术和科学术语与属于本发明的技术领域的技术人员通常理解的含义相同;本文所使用的术语“和/或”包括一个或多个相关的所列项目的任意的和所有的组合。
本文中,所述的“不低于”某数值或“不高于”某数值,其范围应理解为包含该数值,比如“时间不低于12h”,则应理解为“时间可以为12h,或长于12h”。
本文中,所述的“低于”某数值或“高于”某数值,其范围应理解为不包含该数值。
本文中,所述的二氧化硅类吸附材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括二氧化硅材料(SBA-15)、对二氧化硅表面进行改性后的材料;所述的二氧化硅材料是一种坚硬、无定形链状或网状结构的硅酸聚合物颗粒,分子式为SiO2·nH2O,为一种亲水性的极性吸附剂;本文中二氧化硅材料的制备方式如下:将三嵌段共聚物P123、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、超纯水和HCl按质量比0.5:2:32:6的比例加入反应釜中在室温下搅拌1h使其混合均匀,然后放入90℃烘箱中加热24h。应当说明的是,上述只是二氧化硅材料的一种制备方式举例,并非是对本文中所用二氧化硅材料的限制。
本文中,所述的多孔树脂类吸附材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括多孔树脂材料、对多孔树脂进行改性后的材料;所述多孔树脂是带有或者不带有功能基团的高交联共聚物珠粒,内部有许多分子水平的通道,可作为吸附场所;优选大孔苯乙烯树脂(macroporouspolystyrene,以下简写为MP),有时也称为大孔网状吸附树脂(macroreticular adsorbentresin),高分子吸附树脂(polymeric adsorbing resin),高分子吸附剂(poly-mericadsorbent)。是一种不带离子交换基、具有大孔网状立体结构的高聚物树脂。其结构随单体不同而异,孔隙率、比表面等取决于致孔剂及合成工艺。如图14所示,大孔苯乙烯树脂加入二氯甲烷浸泡,可以将-CH2Cl接到树脂的骨架上,便于后面的基团交换,羧酸二聚体通过羧基与-CH2Cl的交换负载于大孔苯乙烯树脂基体上。
本文中,所述的生物炭类吸附材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括生物炭、对生物炭进行改性后的材料。所述生物炭是由生物残体在缺氧情况下,经高温慢热解产生的一类难熔的、稳定的、高度芳香化的、富含炭素的固态物质,其内部含有丰富的功能基团(羧基、羟基等)。本文中生物炭WS的制备方式如下:取1.0g小麦秸秆放入500℃间歇式碳化器中热解30min,研磨成粉末状后在60℃下干燥3天。应当说明的是,上述只是WS的一种制备方式举例,并非是对本文中所用WS的限制。
本文中,所述的壳聚糖类吸附材料为交联后的壳聚糖块状材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括壳聚糖、对壳聚糖进行改性后的材料;所述壳聚糖是一种天然高分子化合物,也是一种重要的甲壳素衍生物,壳聚糖的大分子链上分布着许多羟基和氨基,使其可借助氢键或盐键形成具有类似网状结构的笼形分子。
本文中,所述的活性炭类吸附材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括活性炭、对活性炭进行改性后的材料;所述活性炭具有非极性表面,是通过将木炭、木屑、果壳及煤等进行高温炭化,并经过活化而制成的黑色、无毒、无味的物质,其比表面积通常大于500m2/g,活性炭具有高度发达的孔隙结构(毛细孔结构)、良好的化学稳定性和机械强度。
本文中,所述的沸石类吸附材料,技术人员应当理解为,包括沸石、对沸石进行改性后的材料;所述沸石是以SiO2和Al2O3为主要成分的结晶硅铝酸盐,晶体中有许多一定大小的空穴,空穴之间有许多直径相同的孔相连,是一种分子筛类吸附剂。
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进一步进行描述。
实施例1
带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料制备方式如下:将SBA-15,3-氨丙基三乙基硅烷(APTES)与苯均四酸以4:4:1的质量比例加入150ml的甲苯溶液中100℃加热搅拌回流2h,过滤后经过无水乙醇洗涤两次,再用去离子水洗涤数次,80℃干燥得到带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料(扫描电镜图如图1所示)。
图4为本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料的比表面积图,比表面积为780m2/g。
利用本实施例中所制备带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为4;具体步骤如下:
(1)进水:取1g制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以50L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附及再生:吸附3小时达到饱和之后停止进水;将吸附柱中的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料取出直接放入60℃的热水中浸泡1h后,完成再生。
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后的出水,带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料对水中的铅离子去除率达到了90%。经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料,其脱附率为60%。
图5为本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料对水中Pb2+的吸附和热水再生的性能图,可以看出,在25℃条件下,材料在3h内对铅的去除率高达95%;随后将溶液温度升到60℃,随着时间的变化,材料上的铅又逐渐的脱附到溶液中,3小时的脱附率可达90%以上,这也证明该材料有着优异的铅吸附性能和热水再生性能。
实施例2
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15的制备过程:将SBA-15、3-氨丙基三乙基硅烷(APTES)与苯均四酸以4:8:2质量比例加入150ml的甲苯溶液中100℃加热搅拌回流5h,过滤后经过无水乙醇洗涤两次,再用去离子水洗涤数次,80℃干燥得到带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料;
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15,比表面积为800m2/g;介孔平均孔径为5.5nm。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为6;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以100L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附6h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡5h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料对水中的铅离子去除率达到了95%。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体结构的SBA-15材料,其脱附再生率为80%。
实施例3
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料的制备步骤如下:将SBA-15、3-氨丙基三乙基硅烷(APTES)与苯均四酸以4:10:4质量比例加入150ml的甲苯溶液中100℃加热搅拌回流10h,过滤后经过无水乙醇洗涤两次,再用去离子水洗涤数次,80℃干燥得到带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料;
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料,比表面积为760m2/g;介孔平均孔径为6nm。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为8;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的双功能基团MOFs材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料对水中的铅离子去除率达到了95%以上。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料,其脱附再生率高于90%。
实施例4
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂(氯乙烯-异丁基乙烯基醚共聚树脂)的制备步骤如下:称取2.5g MP树脂在25mL的二氯乙烷中浸没12h,然后加入1.2g的苯均四酸并加热到80℃剧烈搅拌6h,随后以2℃/h的速度加热到105℃并保持2h,冷凝回流2h后过滤并用甲醇洗涤数次,随后用超纯水洗涤数次后60℃干燥一夜得到如图2所示的带有羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂。
本实施例中所制备的羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂材料,比表面积为19.8m2/g;介孔平均孔径为9.17nm;孔容积为0.069cm3/g。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为5.5;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的树脂材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,可热再生的材料(羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂)对水中的铅离子去除率达到了90%以上。
经过再生处理后的吸附材料(羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂),其脱附再生率高于80%(如图6所示)。
实施例5
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体生物炭WS的制备步骤如下:取1.0gWS、然后加入0.5g的苯均四酸并在300℃条件下水热反应3h。得到的产物用超纯水洗涤数次,80℃真空干燥一夜后得到如图3所示的带有羧酸二聚体的WS粉末。
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的WS,比表面积为26m2/g;孔容积为0.01cm3/g。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的WS粉末,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为5;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的带有羧酸二聚体的WS材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体的WS材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,可热再生的带有羧酸二聚体的WS对水中的铅离子去除率达到了95%以上。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的WS材料,其脱附再生率高于70%(如图7所示)。
实施例6
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体壳聚糖的制备步骤如下:取1.0g壳聚糖放入100mL质量分数为2%的乙酸溶液并加入致孔剂,随后加入0.5g的苯均四酸并在40℃条件下高速搅拌20min使体系成乳液状,然后滴加1mL戊二醛溶液作为交联剂固化30min,得到的产物用超纯水洗涤数次,80℃真空干燥一夜后得到带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖粉末。
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖,比表面积为86m2/g;孔容积为0.03cm3/g。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖粉末,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为5;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,可热再生的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖对水中的铅离子去除率达到了92%以上。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的壳聚糖材料,其脱附再生率高于60%(如图8所示)。
实施例7
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体活性炭的制备步骤如下:
首先进行活性炭的活化过程:取一定量的颗粒活性炭用质量分数为10%的硝酸浸泡24h后经超声波清洗15min.再用蒸馏水冲洗至滤出液为中性.然后于100℃下烘干。
取1g活化后的活性炭和0.5g的苯均四酸加入10ml超纯水中,在300℃条件下水热反应3h。得到的产物用超纯水洗涤数次,80℃真空干燥一夜后得到带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭粉末。
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭,比表面积为832m2/g;孔容积为0.015cm3/g。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭粉末,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为5;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,可热再生的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭对水中的铅离子去除率达到了96%以上。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的活性炭材料,其脱附再生率高于75%(如图9所示)。
实施例8
本实施例中带有羧酸二聚体沸石的制备步骤如下:取1.0g天然沸石和0.2g的苯均四酸加入10ml的超纯水中并加热到60℃剧烈搅拌2h,随后以10℃/h的速度加热到90℃并保持1h,冷凝回流10h后过滤并用超纯水洗涤数次,80℃干燥一夜得到带有羧酸二聚体结构的沸石材料。
本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石,比表面积为18m2/g;孔容积为0.018cm3/g。
利用本实施例中所制备的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石粉末,对含有铅离子的废水进行水处理,调节进水的pH值为5;具体步骤如下:
(1)取2g制备的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以200L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附24h达到饱和之后停止进水,再将吸附柱的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石材料取出直接放入70℃的热水中浸泡6h后,
经测试,发现废水经吸附过后,可热再生的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石对水中的铅离子去除率达到了90%以上。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的沸石材料,其脱附再生率高于80%(如图10所示)。
实施例9
与实施例5相比较,本实施例的不同之处仅在于:所处理废水中含有的离子型污染物类型为Hg2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Zn2+以及Cu2+。进水pH设置为5.0。分别对以上提到的重金属阳离子进行吸附去除测试。其中Hg2+、Ni2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Co2+、Zn2+和Cu2+去除率分别达到了98%、90%、95%、96%、94%、97%、和97%。
经过再生处理后的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料,其脱附再生率均高于95%。
实施例10
本实施例中制备得到了带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料,具体制备方式如下:
分别称取2.4g九水合硝酸铝和0.8g的苯均四酸,加入10mL的超纯水溶液中搅拌均匀后放入200℃烘箱中反应30h。得到的产物用超纯水洗涤至pH≈4左右,80℃真空干燥一夜后得到了带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料(MIL-121)。
实施例11
本实施例中分别针对实施例1中制备的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料、实施例4中制备的羧酸二聚体结构MP树脂、实施例5制备的带有羧酸二聚体生物炭材料WS、实施例6制备的带有羧酸二聚体壳聚糖、实施例7制备的带有羧酸二聚体活性炭、实施例8制备的带有羧酸二聚体沸石、实施例10制备的带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料MIL-121进行吸附-再生循环实验,具体方式如下:
(1)进水:取1g制备的带有羧酸二聚体结构吸附材料装入带夹套的玻璃吸附柱中,将废水在室温条件下(25℃)以50L/m2h的流量流过吸附柱。
(2)吸附及再生:吸附3小时达到饱和之后停止进水;将吸附柱中的带有羧酸二聚体结构吸附材料取出直接放入60℃的热水中浸泡1h后,完成再生。
如图11所示,对上述带有羧酸二聚体的吸附材料(分别以二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的作为基体)与MOF材料进行20次吸附-脱附循环稳定性的对比。可以看出本专利选择的这些基体材料结构稳定,循环性能良好,20次循环后脱附率下降不足5%;而MIL-121采用60℃的热水进行脱附,循环20次后脱附率能降到了40%,下降率高达25%,说明脱附温度的变化对MIL-121材料结构的影响非常大。
实施例12
本实施例中针对实施例1中制备的带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料进行吸附-再生循环实验,基本同实施例11,区别之处仅在于,步骤(2)中,将吸附柱中的带有羧酸二聚体结构吸附材料取出直接放入80℃的热水中浸泡1h后,完成再生。
如图12所示,再生温度对材料的结构稳定性有一定的影响,更高的温度不利于材料结构的温度,带有羧酸二聚体的SBA-15材料使用80℃的热水进行脱附,循环20次之后脱附率依然高达85%,这也说明了材料具有非常优异的结构的稳定性。
同时本实施例中针对实施例10制备的带有羧酸二聚体的MOF材料MIL-121进行吸附-再生循环实验,基本同实施例11,区别之处仅在于,步骤(2)中,将吸附柱中的带有羧酸二聚体结构吸附材料取出直接放入80℃的热水中浸泡1h后,完成再生。
如图13所示,采用80℃热水进行脱附循环20次后脱附率降到10%,说明脱附温度的变化对MIL-121材料结构的影响非常大。

Claims (10)

1.一种二聚体羧基吸附剂,其特征在于:包括多孔基体,和负载于多孔基体上的羧酸二聚体;所述负载位置包括多孔基体的表面和/或多孔基体的孔内;
所述多孔基体的平均孔径尺寸不低于2nm;
其中,所述羧酸二聚体通过至少以下一种方式负载于多孔基体上:
a)所述羧酸二聚体通过Si-OH键负载于多孔基体上;
b)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与含氯基团的交换负载于多孔基体上;
c)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
d)所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与铝或硅配位负载于多孔基体上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂,其特征在于:所述多孔基体原料包括至少一种选自二氧化硅类、多孔树脂类、生物炭类、壳聚糖类、活性炭类以及沸石类的吸附材料;
若所述多孔基体原料为二氧化硅类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过Si-OH键负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为多孔树脂类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与树脂中氯的交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为生物炭类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为壳聚糖类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为活性炭类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与羟基交换负载于多孔基体上;
若所述多孔基体原料为沸石类类吸附材料,则所述羧酸二聚体通过羧基与铝或硅配位负载于多孔基体上。
3.一种二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括,
1)制备含有多孔基体原料及羧酸的分散液或乳液;
2)将所得分散液置于密封性良好的空间内,一定温度下反应,以制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;或
将所得乳液与交联固化剂以滴加的形式混合,以制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中,所述羧酸中羧基的含量至少为三个。
4.根据权利要求3所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂制的备方法,其特征在于:所述羧酸为羧基的含量为偶数个的有机酸,且所述偶数个羧基在有机酸的分子结构中呈对称分布。
5.根据权利要求3所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂制的备方法,其特征在于:所述步骤2中,将分散液置于反应釜中,进行水热反应;或,将分散液或乳液置于加热回流装置中,进行加热回流处理。
其中,所述水热反应时,反应温度为250~350℃;所述加热回流时,反应温度为90~105℃。
6.根据权利要求5所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂,其特征在于:其特征在于:
若所述多孔基体原料为二氧化硅类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)以甲苯为溶剂,制备含有二氧化硅类吸附材料、接枝原料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液置于加热回流装置中,进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述二氧化硅类吸附材料、接枝材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(4~10):(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为多孔树脂类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有多孔树脂类吸附材料、二氯甲烷及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于70~90℃下搅拌6h,随后置于加热回流装置中,以2~5℃/h的速度加热到105℃进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述多孔树脂类吸附材料、二氯甲烷与羧酸的质量比为4:(4~10):(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于反应釜中,进行水热反应,所述反应温度为300℃、反应时间为3h;
其中所述生物炭类或活性炭类吸附材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(1~4)。
若所述多孔基体原料为壳聚糖类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有壳聚糖类吸附材料、乙酸溶液、致孔剂及羧酸的溶液,并在40~60℃条件下高速搅拌10~20min使体系成乳液状;
2)向所得乳液体系中滴加戊二醛溶液作为交联剂固化25~30min,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述乳液体系中壳聚糖类吸附材料、乙酸溶液、致孔剂与羧酸的质量比为2:(1~2):1~5):(1~4);所述戊二醛溶液的浓度为1%~2%;所述乳液体系与戊二醛溶液的体积比为100:(1~2)。
若所述多孔基体原料为沸石类吸附材料,则二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备具体包括,
1)制备含有沸石类吸附材料及羧酸的分散液;
2)将所得分散液于60℃下搅拌2~3h,随后置于加热回流装置中,以5~15℃/h的速度加热到90℃进行加热回流反应,直至反应结束,制备得到二聚体羧基吸附剂;
其中所述沸石类吸附材料与羧酸的质量比为4:(1~4)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:还包括过滤、洗涤、干燥步骤。
8.根据权利要求6所述的二聚体羧基吸附剂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述多孔基体原料包括至少一种选自二氧化硅、大孔苯乙烯树脂、生物炭、壳聚糖、活性炭以及沸石的吸附材料。
9.利用二聚体羧基吸附剂进行含水处理的方法,其特征在于:包括
1)利用二聚体羧基吸附剂对重金属离子型污染物废水进行吸附处理;
2)二聚体羧基吸附剂吸附达到饱和时,将二聚体羧基吸附剂取出,进行脱附再生;
其中,1)中离子型污染物的pH值为4~10;
2)中利用温水对二聚体羧基吸附剂进行脱附再生,所述温水的温度需低于80℃。
10.根据权利要求9所述的利用二聚体羧基吸附剂进行含水处理的方法,其特征在于:所述温水的温度为60-70℃;
所述重金属离子型污染物包含但不限于Hg2+、Cu2+、Ni2+、Pb2+、Cd2+、Mn2+、Fe3+、Zn2+以及Cr3+
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