CN112812277B - 噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents
噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物及其制备方法和应用 Download PDFInfo
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- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 95
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophene Chemical compound C=1C=CSC=1 YTPLMLYBLZKORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 229930192474 thiophene Natural products 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000004528 spin coating Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
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- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical class O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 229940125904 compound 1 Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 229940126214 compound 3 Drugs 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims description 9
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- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
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- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzo[de]isoquinoline-1,3-dione Chemical class C1=CC(C(=O)NC2=O)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 XJHABGPPCLHLLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
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- MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorobenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=CC=C1 MVPPADPHJFYWMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- LTFFDNPPMQALBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,7-dibromonaphthalene Chemical group C1=CC=C(Br)C2=CC(Br)=CC=C21 LTFFDNPPMQALBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-dihydrothieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxine Chemical compound O1CCOC2=CSC=C21 GKWLILHTTGWKLQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- CTFNJPHOILFHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N CC1=C(C=CC=C1)[P] Chemical group CC1=C(C=CC=C1)[P] CTFNJPHOILFHEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000011259 mixed solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000000896 monocarboxylic acid group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004204 2-methoxyphenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C(*)=C(OC([H])([H])[H])C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920000144 PEDOT:PSS Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BBWVVUBNXASLOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N S1C=CC=C1.[B] Chemical compound S1C=CC=C1.[B] BBWVVUBNXASLOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical group [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium;oxotin Chemical compound [In].[Sn]=O AMGQUBHHOARCQH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HTBSGBIWKJSAGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethylpropan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] HTBSGBIWKJSAGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002790 naphthalenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N oxazine, 1 Chemical compound C([C@@H]1[C@H](C(C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]([C@H](C)N(C)C)[C@H](O)C[C@]21C)=O)CC1=CC2)C[C@H]1[C@@]1(C)[C@H]2N=C(C(C)C)OC1 AICOOMRHRUFYCM-ZRRPKQBOSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003944 tolyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明属于光电材料领域，公开了噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物及其制备方法和应用。结构如式(1)所示的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物：
该噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物是一类新的聚合物给体材料，与受体材料Y6及Y6衍生物混合制备的有机太阳能电池器件具有高达17.5％的光电转换效率。对促进太阳能电池的广泛应用具有重要价值。利用该噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物通过多次旋涂的方法制备得到的太阳能电池形貌容易控制，制得的太阳能电池光电转换效率可达到17.5％。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于光电材料领域，特别涉及噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物及其制备方法和应用。
背景技术
有机太阳能电池同时需要(电子)给体材料和(电子)受体材料构筑活性层，电池器件的效率依赖于给体材料和受体材料的物理性质和共混形貌。最近几年，随着高效非富勒烯受体材料(例如受体材料Y6及其衍生物)的发展，有机太阳能电池的光电转换效率突破17％。与富勒烯受体材料相比，这类高效非富勒烯受体材料具有新的特点，包括结晶性能好、窄带隙、较低的LUMO(最低未占分子轨道)能级和中等的HOMO(最高占据分子轨道)能级。这些新的特点使得大部分匹配富勒烯的给体聚合物不能很好的匹配这类非富勒烯受体材料。目前，只有少数给体聚合物(例如给体材料PM6和D18)具有超过17％的光电转换效率。因此该领域需要发展高效的太阳能电池给体材料。另外，高性能的太阳能电池一般通过旋涂给体材料和受体材料的混合溶液制备，由于混合溶液的加热冷却时间以及溶剂都会显著的影响混合薄膜的形貌，因此需要非常繁琐的尝试才能得到好的制备条件。而且通过这种制备方法非常难得到垂直的相分离(给体材料富集在正极，受体材料富集在负极)效果。
因此，提供一种匹配性好的给体材料，特别是与受体材料Y6及其衍生物匹配性好，制得的太阳能电池光电效率高，是十分有必要的。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决上述现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物及其制备方法和应用，所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物是一类新的聚合物给体材料，所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物为电子给体材料与受体材料Y6及Y6衍生物混合制备的有机太阳能电池器件具有高达17.5％的光电转换效率。对促进太阳能电池的广泛应用具有重要价值。
本发明的第一方面提供噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物。
具体的，结构如式(1)所示的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物：
其中，所述R表示C1-C24的烷基链或
所述R1选自C1-C24的烷基链、C1-C24的烷氧链、C1-C24的烷硫链或C1-C24的烷硅链中的任意一种；
所述L1和L2分别独立表示
中的任意一种；所述R2和R3分别独立表示C1-C26的烷基链、C1-C26的烷氧链、C1-C26的烷硫链、C1-C26的烷硅链或C1-C26的烷氯链中的任意一种；
所述A表示
所述R4表示C1-C26的烷基链、C1-C26的烷氧链、C1-C26的烷硫链、C1-C26的烷硅链或C1-C26的烷氯链中的任意一种；所述Z表示卤素；
所述X选自F、Cl、Br、S、Se、O或N中的任意一种；
所述n的取值为1-26。
优选的，所述R中的X选自F、Cl、Br或S中的任意一种。
优选的，所述L1和L2中的X选自S、Se、O或N中的任意一种。
优选的，所述L1和L2的结构不同。
优选的，所述Z选自F、Cl或Br中的任意一种。
优选的，所述A中的X选自S、Se、O或N中的任意一种。
优选的，所述n的取值为1-24；进一步优选的，所述n的取值为5-20。
优选的，所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的结构如式(2)：
本发明的第二方面提供噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备方法。
具体的，噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
(1)化合物1的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将钯有机催化剂、有机膦、卤素取代的萘单酰亚胺、噻吩类物质加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物1；
(2)化合物2的制备：将所述化合物1与琥珀酰亚胺衍生物加入溶剂中，反应，制得化合物2；
(3)化合物3的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将钯有机催化剂、磷类有机物、锡类有机物加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物3；
(4)化合物M1的制备：将所述化合物3、琥珀酰亚胺衍生物加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物M1；
(5)噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将所述化合物M1、锡类有机物、钯有机催化剂、磷类有机物和溶剂混合反应，制得所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述惰性气体为氮气或氩气。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述钯有机催化剂为Pd2(dba)3(三(二亚苄-BASE丙酮)二钯，CAS号:60748-47-2)。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述有机膦为P(o-MeOPh)3(三[2-甲氧基苯基]膦)。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述卤素取代的萘单酰亚胺为2,8-二溴萘单酰亚胺。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述噻吩类物质为3,4-频哪醇硼噻吩。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述溶剂由四氢呋喃和K2CO3水溶液构成。
优选的，步骤(1)中，所述化合物1的结构式为：
优选的，步骤(2)中，所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物为琥珀酰亚胺的卤素取代物；进一步优选的，所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物为NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)。
优选的，步骤(2)中，所述溶剂为CHCl3和CF3COOH的混合物。
优选的，步骤(2)中，所述化合物2的结构式为：
优选的，步骤(3)中，所述钯有机催化剂为Pd2(dba)3(三(二亚苄-BASE丙酮)二钯，CAS号:60748-47-2)。
优选的，步骤(3)中，所述磷类有机物为邻甲基苯基磷。
优选的，步骤(3)中，所述锡类有机物为2-(三丁基锡)噻吩。
优选的，步骤(3)中，所述溶剂为甲苯。
优选的，步骤(3)中，所述化合物3的结构式为：
优选的，步骤(4)中，所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物为琥珀酰亚胺的卤素取代物；进一步优选的，所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物为NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)。
优选的，步骤(4)中，所述溶剂为CHCl3。
优选的，步骤(4)中，所述化合物M1的结构式为：
优选的，步骤(5)中，所述锡类有机物的结构式为：
(即为化合物M2)。
优选的，步骤(5)中，所述磷类有机物为邻甲基苯基磷(即P(o-tolyl)3)。
优选的，步骤(5)中，所述钯有机催化剂为Pd2(dba)3(三(二亚苄-BASE丙酮)二钯，CAS号:60748-47-2)。
优选的，步骤(5)中，所述反应的温度为115-125℃；进一步优选的，所述反应的温度为118-120℃。
优选的，步骤(5)中，所述反应的时间为1-3小时；进一步优选的，所述反应的时间为1.5-2小时。
本发明的第三方面提供噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的应用。
一种太阳能电池，包括上述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物。
优选的，所述太阳能电池依次包括ITO层、PEDOT-PSS层、所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物-Y6层、PDINO层和金属层。
所述ITO为氧化铟锡。
所述PEDOT:PSS为由PEDOT和PSS两种物质构成。PEDOT是EDOT(3，4-乙烯二氧噻吩单体)的聚合物，PSS是聚苯乙烯磺酸盐。
所述PDINO为3,3'-(1,3,8,10-四蒽酮并[2,1,9-def:6,5,10-d'e'f']二异喹啉-2,9(1H,3H,8H,10H)-二基)双(N,N-二甲基丙烷-1-氧化胺)(CAS号为1558023-86-1)。
优选的，所述金属为银。
上述太阳能电池的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
在ITO层上旋涂所述PEDOT-PSS的溶液，第一次退火，形成PEDOT-PSS层，再旋涂含权利要求1-4中任一项所述的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的溶液，第二次退火，然后旋涂含Y6的溶液，形成所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物-Y6层，然后旋涂含PDINO的溶液，形成PDINO层，再镀制金属，形成金属层，制得所述太阳能电池。
具体的，上述太阳能电池的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
在ITO玻璃上4000-5000转/分钟的转速旋涂PEDOT:PSS的水溶液，140-155℃退火10-20分钟，然后转移到手套箱，旋涂10-12mg/ml的含上述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的氯苯溶液，120-130℃退火5-10分钟，得到厚度50-70nm的活性层，然后旋涂10-13mg/mL的含Y6的氯仿溶液，得到厚度110-130nm的另一活性层，然后将0.5-1mg/ml的含PDINO的甲醇溶液旋涂在另一活性层上，再蒸镀80-120nm厚的Ag电极，得到所述太阳能电池。
本发明通过layer-by-layer(LBL，一层接一层)两步法依次旋涂给体材料和受体材料可以很好地克服现有技术中活性层薄膜形貌不易控制的缺点。
相对于现有技术，本发明的有益效果如下：
(1)本发明所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物是一类新的聚合物给体材料，所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物为电子给体材料，与受体材料Y6及Y6衍生物混合制备的有机太阳能电池器件具有高达17.5％的光电转换效率。对促进太阳能电池的广泛应用具有重要价值。
(2)利用本发明所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物通过多次旋涂的方法制备得到的太阳能电池形貌容易控制，制得的太阳能电池光电转换效率可达到17.5％。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制得的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物能级示意图、电化学性能曲线以及可见紫外吸收光谱图；
图2为含实施例1制得的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的太阳能电池的J-V曲线。
具体实施方式
为了让本领域技术人员更加清楚明白本发明所述技术方案，现列举以下实施例进行说明。需要指出的是，以下实施例对本发明要求的保护范围不构成限制作用。
以下实施例中所用的原料、试剂或装置如无特殊说明，均可从常规商业途径得到，或者可以通过现有已知方法得到。
实施例1：噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备
噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物，结构式为：
噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的合成路线如下(为了描述的方便，路线中的“1”、“2”、“3”、“M1”、“M2”和“PNTB6-2Cl”是对应物质的标记)：
化合物1的制备：在氮气氛围下，把Pd2(dba)3(160mg)和P(o-MeOPh)3(510mg)加入到具有2,8-二溴萘单酰亚胺(1.67g)、3,4-频哪醇硼噻吩(1.2g)、四氢呋喃(16mL)和2mol/l的K2CO3水溶液(4mL)的反应体系中，回流过夜(超过12小时)后，加入甲醇100mL，过滤沉淀，用二氯甲烷：石油醚＝1:1(体积比)作为淋洗剂，硅胶柱层析得到化合物1 0.98g(产率70％)。
化合物1的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱的表征结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.43(d,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.78(d,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.53(s,2H),4.10(br,2H),1.92(br,2H),1.38(br,6H),0.93(br,3H).13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):164.20,144.32,137.90,132.25,130.92,126.48,121.09,119.89,119.12,44.02,38.14,28.75,24.06,14.14,10.69。
化合物2的制备：将NBS(N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺)(1.068g)加入化合物1(0.90g)、CHCl3(2mL)和CF3COOH(10mL)的混合体系中，搅拌过夜(超过12小时)后滴加入甲醇中，过滤沉淀，用二氯甲烷：石油醚＝2:1(体积比)作为淋洗剂，硅胶柱层析得到化合物2 1.04g(产率82％)。
化合物2的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱的表征结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.41(d,J＝7.2Hz,2H),7.89(d,J＝7.2Hz,2H),4.10(br,2H),1.91(br,2H),1.39(br,6H),0.94(br,3H)13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):163.63,143.10,137.29,135.20,131.73,125.51,121.38,119.73,107.27,44.17,38.23,30.82,24.12,14.19,10.67。
化合物3的制备：在氮气氛围下，把Pd2(dba)3(25mg)和P(o-tolyl)3(70mg)加入到化合物2(0.5g)、2-(三丁基锡)噻吩(1.33g)和甲苯(8mL)的混合物体系中，回流过夜后，加入甲醇，过滤沉淀，用二氯甲烷：石油醚＝2:3(体积比)作为淋洗剂，硅胶柱层析得到化合物3 0.58g(产率82％)。
化合物3的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱的表征结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.61(d,J＝7.6Hz,2H),8.43(d,J＝7.6Hz,2H),7.49(s,2H),7.46(s,2H),4.30(br,2),2.83(d,J＝6.8Hz,4H),2.11(br,2),1.84(br,2H),1.53(br,22H),1.10(br,15H)；13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):164.16,143.25,138.91,138.49,137.49,133.30,132.05,13.70,129.25,126.27,122.61,120.90,120.24,44.02,40.46,38.14,34.50,32.55,30.80,28.97,28.77,25.64,24.09,23.12,14.21,14.14,10.90,10.69。
化合物M1的制备：NBS(0.25g)加入化合物3(0.48g)和CHCl3(18ml)混合物体系中，搅拌过夜后滴加入甲醇中，过滤沉淀，用二氯甲烷：石油醚＝1:1(体积比)作为淋洗剂，硅胶柱层析得到化合物M1 0.45g(产率78％)。
化合物M1的核磁共振氢谱和碳谱的表征结果为：1H NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):8.22(d,J＝4.8Hz,2H),7.93(d,J＝4.8Hz,2H),7.03(s,2H),4.01(br,2H),2.55(d,J＝4.8Hz,4H),1.86(br,2H),1.67(br,2H),1.34(br,22H)0.93(br,15H)；13C NMR(400MHz,CDCl3)(ppm):163.69,142.57,139.04,138.12,136.52,132.82,131.73,130.19,128.67,125.97,121.01,120.20,111.52,43.97,39.98,38.10,33.79,32.55,30.77,28.83,28.72,25.66,24.05,23.10,14.16,14.10,10.80。
噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl的制备：氮气氛围下，把化合物M1(0.140g)、化合物M2(0.183g)、P(o-tolyl)3(7.3mg)、Pd2(dba)3(2.75mg)和甲苯(7mL)加入到15ml反应瓶中，120℃回流2小时，然后滴加入到300mL乙醇(含10ml浓盐酸)中，过滤沉淀，利用二氯甲烷索氏提取两次，制得的产品溶在氯仿中，然后滴加入二氯甲烷溶液中，过滤沉淀，干燥后得噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl 0.178g(产率75％)。
噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl的数均分子量(Mn)＝48.90kDa；polydispersity(PDI，多分散指数)＝2.72。
图1为实施例1制得的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物能级示意图、电化学性能曲线以及可见紫外吸收光谱图；其中，图1中的(a)((a)中的“Energy Level”表示能级)表示PNTB6-2Cl和Y6的能级示意图；PNTB6-2Cl的电化学能级通过循环伏安法测量，以二茂铁为内标(-4.8eV)，通过氧化和还原的初始电位计算EHOMO和ELUMO能级分别为-5.53eV和-3.46eV；图1中的(b)((b)中的“Accurent”表示电流，“Voltage”表示电压)表示利用循环伏安法测试的PNTB6-2Cl的电化学性能曲线((b)中的Fc表示二茂铁，利用Fc的数据可计算出PNTB6-2Cl的HOMO和LUMO能级)；图1中的(c)((c)中的“Normallized Absorption”表示归一化吸收系数)表示PNTB6-2Cl的薄膜(60nm厚)的可见紫外吸收光谱，PNTB6-2Cl的薄膜最大吸收峰是560nm，吸收区间是450nm-650nm，与Y6的吸收区间(650nm-900nm)非常匹配，这样有利于实现太阳光的最大吸收。
应用例
一种太阳能电池依次包括ITO层、PEDOT-PSS层、噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl-Y6层、PDINO层和Ag层。
上述太阳能电池的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
在ITO玻璃上5000转/分钟的转速旋涂PEDOT:PSS的水溶液，150℃退火15分钟，然后转移到手套箱，旋涂12mg/ml的含噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl的氯苯溶液，130℃退火5分钟，得到厚度60nm的活性层，然后旋涂13mg/mL的含Y6的氯仿溶液，得到厚度120nm的另一活性层(60nm的活性层和120nm的另一活性层共同构成噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物PNTB6-2Cl-Y6层)，然后将1mg/ml的含PDINO的甲醇溶液旋涂在另一活性层上，再蒸镀100nm厚的Ag电极，得到所述太阳能电池。得到测试面积为4.0mm2的太阳能电池。通过标准太阳能电池校准100mWcm-2的太阳光强度测试，得到的J-V曲线如图2所示。
图2为含实施例1制得的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的太阳能电池的J-V曲线(电流密度-电压曲线)(图2中横坐标“Voltage”表示电压，纵坐标“Current Density”表示电流密度)。从图2可以看出，该太阳能电池中的短路电流密度为：26.60mAcm-2，开路电压为：0.854V；该太阳能电池的填充因子为：0.768，本发明制得的太阳能电池的最高光电转换效率为17.45％(光电转换效率＝短路电流密度*开路电压*填充因子)。
在本发明所记载的技术方案内，例如改变噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物中具体的取代基，只要在本发明记载的技术方案内，都具有类似实施例1制得的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的相应效果。
Claims (7)
1.结构如式(2)所示的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物：
其中：所述n的取值为1-26。
2.权利要求1所述的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
(1)化合物1的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将钯有机催化剂、有机膦、卤素取代的萘单酰亚胺、噻吩类物质加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物1；
(2)化合物2的制备：将所述化合物1与琥珀酰亚胺衍生物加入溶剂中，反应，制得化合物2；
(3)化合物3的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将所述钯有机催化剂、磷类有机物、锡类有机物加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物3；
(4)化合物M1的制备：将所述化合物3、所述琥珀酰亚胺衍生物加入溶剂中反应，制得化合物M1；
(5)噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的制备：惰性气体氛围下，将所述化合物M1、锡类有机物、所述钯有机催化剂、所述磷类有机物和溶剂混合反应，制得所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物。
3.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，所述锡类有机物的结构式为：
4.根据权利要求2所述的制备方法，其特征在于，步骤(5)中，所述反应的温度为115-125℃；所述反应的时间为1-3小时。
5.一种太阳能电池，其特征在于，包括权利要求1所述的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物。
6.根据权利要求5所述的太阳能电池，其特征在于，所述太阳能电池依次包括ITO层、PEDOT-PSS层、所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物-Y6层、PDINO层和金属层。
7.权利要求6所述的太阳能电池的制备方法，其特征在于，包括以下步骤：
在ITO层上旋涂所述PEDOT-PSS的溶液，第一次退火，形成PEDOT-PSS层，再旋涂含权利要求1所述的噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物的溶液，第二次退火，然后旋涂含Y6的溶液，形成所述噻吩稠合萘单酰亚胺聚合物-Y6层，然后旋涂含PDINO的溶液，形成PDINO层，再镀制金属，形成金属层，制得所述太阳能电池。
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