CN112811905A - 一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法 - Google Patents

一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法 Download PDF

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CN112811905A
CN112811905A CN202110008090.9A CN202110008090A CN112811905A CN 112811905 A CN112811905 A CN 112811905A CN 202110008090 A CN202110008090 A CN 202110008090A CN 112811905 A CN112811905 A CN 112811905A
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曾招停
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料,包括氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙,经过研磨、预烧、球磨、预成型、等静压成型,而后高温固相烧结成热敏电阻陶瓷,再经半导体工艺切片、电极化、划片成热敏电阻小方片,将小方片封装成单端玻封热敏电阻制备而成。通过本发明设计的配方,可以重复性制得B25/50=2100‑2850K,R25=5‑200K的单端热敏电阻,耐温可以达到:‑50~+900度;在600度空气环境中老化1000小时,变化率小于5%,使得热敏电阻在使用中,能随着周围温度的变化,做出相应的变化,使得热敏电阻能实时对周围温度做出相应改变,减小相应的温度丢失,增加热敏电阻的灵敏性,同时通过氧化铝或氧化钙,提高热敏电阻在烧结时的质量,增加热敏电阻的密度。

Description

一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及半导体热敏电阻技术领域,具体为一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法。
背景技术
负温度系数热敏电阻材料(NTC)是一种半导体电子陶瓷,是最被广泛应用到测温领域的一种敏感材料,它的特性是温度变化其阻抗随之发生变化,这种一一对应关系确定了材料的温度系数、微观晶体结构;反之,每一颗热敏电阻的温度曲线特性受制于其晶体结构、组成、大小、材料成分等一系列的微观因素,所以材料结构的可控性、材料成分的均匀性对于热敏电阻芯片生产的可重复性、一致型具有至关重要的作用。
常用的负温度系数热敏电阻材料一般由Mn-Co-Ni-Fe-Al-Zn-Cu等元素的氧化物组成,经高温形成尖晶石结构,这种结构具有B值高、高阻值的特点,非线性度大。对使用者来说很不方便,往往需要采用串并联结构来线性化处理。在宏观上,将一颗热敏电阻串并联固定电阻后,曲线会明显拉平,根据此思路,如果在微观中,如果无数个导电的晶体和无数个固溶体相串并联后,曲线也会被拉平,造成热敏电阻在使用时,无法对实时温度进行准确测量,导致显示出的测试结果出现误差,测试精准度较差,无法对设备进行修正,不利于问题的解决。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足,本发明提供了一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,解决了耐久度、变化率大的问题。
为实现上述目的,本发明提供如下技术方案:一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料,包括氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙,经过研磨、预烧、球磨、预成型、等静压成型,而后高温固相烧结成热敏电阻陶瓷,再经半导体工艺切片、电极化、划片成热敏电阻小方片,将小方片封装成单端玻封热敏电阻制备而成,所述各组分的摩尔配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=50~95:5~25:5~25:0~3:1.5~10。
一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料制造方法,按以下步骤制备而成:
(1)、按比例称量氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,经1000-1350度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为一定形状的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1450-1600度烧结2-4小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.45*0.45~0.8*0.8mm小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经电极浆料高温焊接后用玻璃或陶瓷胶包封,即可得到热敏电阻材料。
优选的,所述氧化钇也可以是氧化镧、氧化铈。
优选的,所述电极材料为铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
优选的,所述焊接用金属引线可以是铂金丝、杜美丝、金丝中的一种。
优选的,所述焊接用电极浆料可以是铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
优选的,所述焊接后的包封材料可以是玻璃管、玻璃铀、陶瓷胶中的一种。
有益效果如下:
该高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,通过用低B值、低阻值的钙钛矿结构铬酸钇、锰酸钇固溶到高阻的氧化钇固溶体中,或者是用低B值、低阻值的钙钛矿结构铬酸镧、锰酸镧固溶到高阻的氧化钇固溶体中,即:(Y2O3)x·((Y,La)(Cr,Mn)O3)y,其中:x=0.5~0.9,x+y=1,本发明设计的配方,可以重复性制得B25/50=2100-2850K,R25=5-200K的单端热敏电阻,耐温可以达到:-50~+900度;在600度空气环境中老化1000小时,变化率小于5%,使得热敏电阻在使用中,能随着周围温度的变化,做出相应的变化,使得热敏电阻能实时对周围温度做出相应改变,减小相应的温度丢失,增加热敏电阻的灵敏性,同时通过氧化铝或氧化钙,提高热敏电阻在烧结时的质量,增加热敏电阻的密度,使得热敏电阻在使用时耐久度得到大幅度的提升,进一步增加热敏电阻的稳定性。
具体实施方式
基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明提供一种技术方案:一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料,包括氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙,经过研磨、预烧、球磨、预成型、等静压成型,而后高温固相烧结成热敏电阻陶瓷,再经半导体工艺切片、电极化、划片成热敏电阻小方片,将小方片封装成单端玻封热敏电阻制备而成,所述各组分的摩尔配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=50~95:5~25:5~25:0~3:1.5~10。
一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料制造方法,按以下步骤制备而成:
(1)、按比例称量氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,经1000-1350度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为一定形状的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1450-1600度烧结2-4小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.45*0.45~0.8*0.8mm小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经电极浆料高温焊接后用玻璃或陶瓷胶包封,即可得到热敏电阻材料。
其中,所述氧化钇也可以是氧化镧、氧化铈。
其中,所述电极材料为铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
其中,所述焊接用金属引线可以是铂金丝、杜美丝、金丝中的一种。
其中,所述焊接用电极浆料可以是铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
其中,所述焊接后的包封材料可以是玻璃管、玻璃铀、陶瓷胶中的一种。
实施例一:
(1)、按比例称量四氧化三锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体,配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=55:23:23:0.5:3.5;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,80度烘干,经1080度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体,80度烘干;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为20*10mm的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1450度烧结2小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割机割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极,电极材料为银浆料;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.55*0.55mm正方形小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经高温银浆高温焊接后用玻璃包封。
注:按上述步骤配料8次,分别记录数据1A\1B\1C\1D\1E\1F\1G\1H。
实施例二:
(1)、按比例称量四氧化三锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体,配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=75:9:9:0.5:6.5;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,80度烘干,经1200度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体,80度烘干;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为20*10mm的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1500度烧结4小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割机割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极,电极材料为钯银浆料;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.65*0.65mm正方形小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经钯银浆高温焊接后用玻璃包封。
注:按上述步骤配料8次,分别记录数据2A\2B\2C\2D\2E\2F\2G\2H。
实施例三:
(1)、按比例称量四氧化三锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体,配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=92:3:3:0:2;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,80度烘干,经1300度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体,80度烘干;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为20*10mm的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1600度烧结4小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割机割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极,电极材料为铂金浆料;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.65*0.65mm正方形小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经铂金高温焊接后用陶瓷胶包封;
注:按上述步骤配料8次,分别记录数据3A\3B\3C\3D\3E\3F\3G\3H。
热敏电阻测试数据表
Figure BDA0002883849250000061
Figure BDA0002883849250000071
注:
1、上述数据是用单端玻璃封装后测试的结果;
2、密度是阿基米德法测得;
3、600度老化变化率,是指在600度环境里放置500小时后,电阻的前后变化率;
4、电阻率单位是(欧姆×厘米)。
需要说明的是,在本文中,诸如第一和第二等之类的关系术语仅仅用来将一个实体或者操作与另一个实体或操作区分开来,而不一定要求或者暗示这些实体或操作之间存在任何这种实际的关系或者顺序。而且,术语“包括”、“包含”或者其任何其他变体意在涵盖非排他性的包含,从而使得包括一系列要素的过程、方法、物品或者设备不仅包括那些要素,而且还包括没有明确列出的其他要素,或者是还包括为这种过程、方法、物品或者设备所固有的要素。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例,对于本领域的普通技术人员而言,可以理解在不脱离本发明的原理和精神的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型,本发明的范围由所附权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (7)

1.一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料,其特征在于:包括氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙,经过研磨、预烧、球磨、预成型、等静压成型,而后高温固相烧结成热敏电阻陶瓷,再经半导体工艺切片、电极化、划片成热敏电阻小方片,将小方片封装成单端玻封热敏电阻制备而成,所述各组分的摩尔配方比例为:钇:锰:铬:铝:钙=50~95:5~25:5~25:0~3:1.5~10。
2.一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料制造方法,其特征在于:按以下步骤制备而成:
(1)、按比例称量氧化锰、氧化铬、氧化铝、氧化钇、氧化钙高纯粉体;
(2)、将粉体放入球磨罐内,添加少量助磨剂,按料球水重量比1:1:8球磨后,经1000-1350度预烧2-4小时;
(3)、预烧后,再经球磨成颗粒粒径在1-3微米的粉体;
(4)、然后球磨后的粉体经预压成型为一定形状的胚体,然后等静压成型,压强为2-3MPa/cm2;
(5)、等静压后经1450-1600度烧结2-4小时,制得热敏电阻瓷锭;
(6)、将瓷锭经半导体切割成0.3~0.6mm厚的瓷片;
(7)、然后瓷片清洗后涂烧电极;
(8)、烧渗后,经外圆切割机划成0.45*0.45~0.8*0.8mm小芯片;
(9)、再将小芯片用金属引线经电极浆料高温焊接后用玻璃或陶瓷胶包封,即可得到热敏电阻材料。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,其特征在于:所述氧化钇也可以是氧化镧、氧化铈。
4.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,其特征在于:所述电极材料为铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
5.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,其特征在于:所述焊接用金属引线可以是铂金丝、杜美丝、金丝中的一种。
6.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,其特征在于:所述焊接用电极浆料可以是铂金浆料、银浆、金浆、钯银浆料中的一种。
7.根据权利要求2所述的一种高温用负温度系数热敏电阻材料及其制造方法,其特征在于:所述焊接后的包封材料可以是玻璃管、玻璃铀、陶瓷胶中的一种。
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