CN112806291B

CN112806291B - Cultivation caisson and operation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112806291B
Application number: CN202110209853.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑国富; 林国珍; 扈喆; 蔡文鸿; 任美龙; 丁兰; 魏盛军; 张哲�; 周俊麟; 姚桂祥; 魏金顺
Original assignee: Putian Haizhihong Aquatic Product Technology Co ltd; Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center); Jimei University
Current assignee: Putian Haizhihong Aquatic Product Technology Co ltd; Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center); Jimei University
Priority date: 2021-02-06
Filing date: 2021-02-24
Publication date: 2023-09-26
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-24
Also published as: CN112806291A

Abstract

The invention discloses a cultivation caisson and an operation method thereof, wherein the cultivation caisson comprises a cultivation box body, a counterweight piece, a constant-volume buoyancy cabin and a variable-volume buoyancy cabin, wherein the counterweight piece is arranged below the cultivation box body and hinged with the cultivation box body, and the cultivation box body is provided with a frame with a steel skeleton structure and a high-strength net cage body; the constant volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the frame, an upper limit structure is arranged on the upper portion of the frame, a lower limit structure and a safety regulating device are arranged on the lower portion of the frame, the variable volume buoyancy cabin is installed on the frame, a drain pipe and a water inlet pipe are arranged at the bottom of the variable volume buoyancy cabin, an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe are arranged at the top of the variable volume buoyancy cabin, the drain pipe and the water inlet pipe extend outside the frame, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend upwards to the water surface, and at least two variable volume buoyancy cabins are arranged. Compared with the prior art, the cultivation caisson has the characteristics of strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance, simple management operation, safe production, high cultivation efficiency and simple management, and is suitable for popularization and application in coastal cultivation.

Description

Cultivation caisson and operation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation caissons, in particular to a cultivation caisson and an operation method thereof.

Background

The development of the external deep water net cage culture in the bay from the end of the last century in China is designed, developed and demonstrated, a plurality of external culture caissons are developed, however, the problems of insufficient typhoon resistance, poor adaptability to strong ocean currents in sea areas, targeted wind and wave resistant net cage culture and management technology, lack of standardization and the like of the external sea area culture in the bay are increasingly outstanding along with the time and the large scale, and the healthy development of the external sea area high-efficiency culture in the bay in China is severely restricted. In recent years, large sea facilities are used for preparing the army deep and open sea cultivation equipment of enterprises, but the ultra-high facility and equipment investment cannot meet the mass cultivation production requirements taking small micro cultivation enterprises or farmers as units.

In view of this, the present inventors have conducted intensive studies on the cage, and have produced the present invention.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a cultivation caisson which has strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance, simple management operation and suitability for popularization and application in coastal and even deep open sea cultivation.

The invention also aims to provide an operation method for cultivating the caisson.

In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:

The cultivation caisson comprises a cultivation box body and a counterweight piece, wherein the counterweight piece is arranged below the cultivation box body and hinged with the cultivation box body, the cultivation box body is provided with a frame with a steel skeleton structure and a net box body fixedly arranged on the frame in a manner of stretching from inside to outside, and the net box body is arranged in the frame; the device comprises a frame, a constant-volume buoyancy cabin and a variable-volume buoyancy cabin, wherein the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the frame in a manner of sliding up and down, an upper limiting structure for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy cabin to slide out of the frame is arranged at the upper part of the frame, a lower limiting structure for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy cabin to slide out of the frame is arranged at the lower part of the frame, a safety adjusting device for enabling a culture box body to be matched and fixed with the frame when floating on a water surface is arranged on the constant-volume buoyancy cabin, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the frame and between a net cage body and a counterweight, a drain pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated with a cavity of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin are arranged at the bottom of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the top of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are communicated with the cavity of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the drain pipe and the air inlet pipe extend out of the frame, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend upwards to the frame, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with at least two water surfaces, the variable-volume buoyancy cabins are arranged up and down, and the variable-volume buoyancy cabins are correspondingly and respectively and independently provided with the variable-volume buoyancy cabin and the air inlet pipe.

The frame comprises a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes, a separation pipe frame for separating an upper space and a lower space from the hollow frame is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the net cage body is positioned in the upper space, the constant volume buoyancy cabin is positioned in the range of the upper space, two variable volume buoyancy cabins are arranged in the lower space, and a reinforcing pipe frame is further arranged on the side wall of the hollow frame positioned in the range of the lower space.

The frame is located at the central position of the upper space, a central pipe is fixedly arranged at the central position of the upper space, the lower end of the central pipe extends to the lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central pipe, the end part of the lower end of the central pipe is fixedly locked with a limiting locking block which is fixedly overlapped below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the weight piece is a concrete casting block with a locking metal block at the center, the locking metal block is hinged with the limiting locking block, the outer side of the concrete casting block is connected with the bottom of the frame through a binding steel wire rope, and a steel vertical ladder is arranged at the position of the central pipe located in the upper space.

The frame is provided with a top surface pipe frame and a bottom surface pipe frame which are arranged in an up-down alignment mode, and a side wall pipe frame fixedly connected with the top surface pipe frame and the bottom surface pipe frame, wherein the lower end of the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of side rods which extend downwards to the lower part of the bottom surface pipe frame, each side rod is circumferentially distributed along the bottom surface pipe frame, the bottom surface pipe frame is the separation pipe frame, the space between the bottom surface pipe frame and the top surface pipe frame is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, an upper limit rod which extends outwards flatly is arranged on the outer side wall of the top surface pipe frame, the upper limit rod is of an upper limit structure, a lower limit rod which extends outwards flatly is arranged on the outer side wall of the bottom surface pipe frame, the lower limit rod is of the lower limit structure, a reinforcing rod which is connected with the side rods is arranged at the outer side edge of the bottom surface pipe frame, the reinforcing pipe frame is circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom surface pipe frame, the reinforcing pipe frame is connected with the side rods, and the capacity-variable buoyancy is positioned in the space of each reinforcing cabin and is connected with the reinforcing pipe frame.

The constant volume buoyancy cabin is a fully-sealed annular box body containing air, the parts between the upper limiting rod and the lower limiting rod, which are located in the upper space, are respectively provided with a track pipe in a standing mode, the inner side face of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, which corresponds to the track pipes, is respectively provided with a first concave for embedding the track pipes in a concave mode, and the first concave and the track pipes form a rotary limiting structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant volume buoyancy cabin.

The top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is provided with limiting plates which are transversely and oppositely arranged under the upper limiting rods, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rods to be clamped into in the inner limiting is formed between the two limiting plates.

A stop lever which is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame in a horizontal manner and is perpendicular to the side wall pipe frame is arranged on the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, a rotary cross rod which rotates to the lower side of the stop lever is arranged at the position, corresponding to the stop lever, of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, the first end of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy cabin, and a fixed limiting rod which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to rotate out of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin; the fixed-volume buoyancy cabin or the rotary cross rod and the stop rod are provided with a cross rod positioning structure which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod from being capable of transversely swinging when the second end of the rotary cross rod is arranged below the stop rod, and the rotary cross rod, the stop rod and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety regulating device.

The cross rod positioning structure comprises a bolt and a bolt hole for the bolt to be inserted into, the bolt vertically moves through the stop lever, the upper end of the bolt is limited outside the top surface of the stop lever, and the second end of the rotary cross rod is provided with the bolt hole which penetrates up and down and is used for the lower end of the bolt to extend into; or the cross rod positioning structure comprises a positioning block and a fixed block, wherein the fixed block is welded and fixed on the outer side wall of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, the first end part of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged on the fixed block in a manner of moving up and down, the positioning block is fixed on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, is oppositely arranged inside and outside the fixed block and is in the same straight line, and a limiting groove which penetrates through inside and outside the positioning block and is used for placing the rotary cross rod inside is recessed on the top surface of the positioning block.

The bottom surface of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with two through holes and is positioned outside two opposite sides of the central pipe, one of the two through holes is communicated with the water discharge pipe which extends downwards, the other through hole is communicated with the water inlet pipe which extends downwards, the top of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe and the air discharge pipe are provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end part of the upper section of the air discharge pipe extends out of the sea surface, the upper end part of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an external vacuum compressor, the lower end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the upper section of the air discharge pipe are respectively connected with the upper end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the lower section of the air discharge pipe in one-to-one correspondence through quick connectors, the lower end part of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air inlet, at least two check valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe, each ventilation port is connected with an exhaust branch pipe which extends upwards, the three exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the lower end parts of the air inlet pipe in the same phase, the upper section of the air inlet pipe and the upper section of each lower section of the air discharge pipe are fixedly arranged on at least one air inlet pipe.

A method for cultivating caisson comprises sinking operation and fishing operation:

the sinking operation is completed by the following operations:

the method comprises the steps that the cultivation caisson is transported to an offshore cultivation area through a working ship, then an exhaust pipe is used for exhausting, at the moment, seawater can flow into a variable-volume buoyancy chamber automatically through a water inlet pipe by exhaust of the exhaust pipe, the whole cultivation caisson is sunk along with water injection of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber, the gravity of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber is smaller than the buoyancy of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber slides upwards to an upper limit structure, after the variable-volume buoyancy chambers are filled with water, a counterweight falls onto a seabed to be fixedly placed, at the moment, the cultivation box body is in a suspended state in water, the whole cultivation caisson is sunk on the seabed, namely in a sitting state, and sinking of the cultivation caisson is completed.

The fishing operation is completed by the following operations:

step one: the method comprises the steps that a variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is placed above in the culture caisson and sunk on the seabed is taken as an upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is placed below is taken as a lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is discharged outwards through a water outlet pipe until the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is in an empty cabin state, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, at the moment, the culture caisson is lifted to be in a floating state with exposed tops, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is still in an upper limit structure, and the culture caisson is exposed to the sea level for 0.5m-1.5 m;

Step two: compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy cabin, the lower variable-capacity buoyancy cabin is drained outwards through a drain pipe, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, and the cultivation caisson continues to float upwards. When the cultivation caisson floats upwards until the requirement of fishing operation is met, continuously compressing air for the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, keeping the compression air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin at the moment, starting the safety regulating device, fixing the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame in a matched mode, and starting fishing operation.

Step three: after the fishing operation is carried out for a period of time, the amount of the cultivated objects in the net cage body is reduced, the floating height of the cultivation caisson does not meet the fishing operation requirement, and the fishing operation is stopped; closing the safety regulating device, releasing the cooperation and fixation of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame, then increasing the air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, continuously draining the water outwards from the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin through the drain pipe, continuously floating the cultivation caisson upwards, sliding the constant-volume buoyancy cabin downwards, continuously air-compressing the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin and maintaining the air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin at the moment when the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again, starting the safety regulating device, and re-cooperating and fixing the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame, and starting the fishing operation; repeating the fishing operation process for a plurality of times until the floating of the cultivation caisson reaches the lowest fishing operation, and the constant-volume buoyancy cabin slides downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame under the action of self gravity to finally finish the fishing operation.

The cultivation caisson has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts the frame of the steel skeleton structure to be matched with the high-strength net cage body, and the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the variable-volume buoyancy cabin are arranged on the breeding cage body, and the lifting operation is realized through the matched adjustment of water inlet, water outlet, air inlet and air outlet of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin, and the invention has the following steps: firstly, the cultivation caisson can be sunk on the seabed, typhoons can be avoided by utilizing the natural law that waves decay rapidly along with the increase of water depths, and box body damage and damage to cultivation products can not be caused even in strong typhoon weather. And secondly, the integral buoyancy of the cultivation caisson is regulated and controlled through the variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely, the resultant force of the weight part, the cultivation box body and the net cage body is overcome), the lifting effect of the cultivation caisson is controlled, the depth of the cultivation caisson in a cultivation water area is controlled according to the sea level height, weather or ocean current, the cultivation benefit is maximized, and the management is convenient. Thirdly, through the air compressor on the breeding ship and the air inlet and the air exhaust of the variable-capacity buoyancy cabin, the water inlet and the water exhaust of the variable-capacity buoyancy cabin are realized, so that the buoyancy of the variable-capacity buoyancy cabin in the sea is changed, the breeding caisson floats to the sea surface, the breeding caisson is not required to be lifted by a ship crane, the operation is convenient, the time and the labor are saved, and the management and the fishing operation are convenient. Fourthly, the anti-ocean current deformation performance is good, the high-strength netting is maintained to expand by the steel skeleton structure, and the stable culture volume can be maintained even under the action of strong ocean current; the choked flow effect of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is utilized to form a stagnation area in the local culture space, so that a temporary rest space can be provided for the cultured fishes during the strong ocean current action, and the culture survival rate is improved. And fifthly, the constant buoyancy of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the concrete weight of the culture caisson play a role in stabilizing the culture caisson in a seabed state, a lifting process in water and a sea surface floating state. Therefore, the cultivation caisson has the characteristics of strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance, simple and convenient management operation, safe production, high cultivation efficiency and simple and convenient management, and is suitable for popularization and application in coastal and even deep-open sea cultivation.

The operation method for cultivating the caisson has the advantages of being simple and convenient to manage and operate, few in personnel required by operation, low in labor cost and high in operation efficiency, and is more suitable for popularization and application in coastal and even deep-open sea cultivation.

Drawings

For ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a front view structure of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the overall frame of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the present invention.

Figure 6 is a view of the invention in a state of being submerged on the seabed.

Fig. 7 is a view showing the state of the invention exposed to the sea level.

Fig. 8 is a state diagram of the present invention at the beginning of a fishing operation state.

Fig. 9 is a state diagram showing that the sea state is excellent or the safety operation can be ensured in the fishing operation of the present invention.

Fig. 10 is a state diagram of the present invention in a fishing operation state at the lowest water level.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of a safety regulating device in the present invention.

In the figure:

a frame-01; a cage body-02; weight-03; constant volume buoyancy cabin-04; limiting plate-041; fixing a limit rod 042; upper positive displacement buoyancy chamber-05; a lower positive displacement buoyancy chamber-06; top tube rack-07; bottom pipe rack-08; a central tube-09; reinforcing pipe frames-10; side pipes-11; a rail pipe-12; an upper limit rod-131; a lower limit rod-132; a safety regulating device-14; a stop lever-141; rotating the crossbar-142; a latch-143; a vertical ladder-15; sea level-16; seabed-17; an air inlet pipe-100; a drain pipe-200; an exhaust pipe-300; a water inlet pipe-400; quick connector-500; check valve-600; a vacuum compressor-700; buoy-800; and (3) cultivating the ship-900.

Detailed Description

In order to further explain the technical scheme of the invention, the invention is explained in detail by specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1-11, the cultivation caisson of the invention comprises a cultivation box body and a counterweight 03, wherein the counterweight 03 mainly aims at providing stable downward pulling force and fixing and is hinged with the cultivation box body, the cultivation box body is provided with a frame 01 with a steel skeleton structure and a high-strength net box body 02, the net box body 02 is arranged in the frame 01, the net box body 02 is sewn into a box body structure by adopting a high-strength net sheet, the net box body 02 is fixedly arranged on the frame 01 in a manner of being supported from inside to outside (namely, the net box body 02 is connected with the frame 01 in a detachable mode and maintains an expanded state), and the net box body 02 is mainly used for cultivating aquatic products.

The invention relates to a culture caisson, which further comprises a constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 and a variable-volume buoyancy chamber, wherein the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is sleeved outside the frame 01 in a manner of sliding up and down, an upper limit rod 131 for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide out of the frame 01 is arranged at the upper part of the frame 01, a lower limit rod 132 for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide out of the frame 01 is arranged at the lower part of the frame 01, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is provided with a safety regulating device 14 which is matched with the frame 01 to limit the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 when the culture caisson floats on a water surface, the variable-volume buoyancy chamber is arranged on the frame 01 and is arranged between a net cage body 02 and a counterweight 03, a water outlet pipe 200 and a water inlet pipe 400 which are communicated with a chamber of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber are arranged at the bottom of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber, an air inlet pipe 100 and an air outlet pipe 300 which are communicated with the chamber of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber are arranged at the top of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber, the water outlet pipe 200 and the water inlet pipe 300 extend out of the frame 01, the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 extend up to the upper side of the frame 01, the variable-volume buoyancy chamber is provided with the air inlet pipe 05 and the variable-volume buoyancy chamber and the upper buoyancy chamber and the lower variable-buoyancy chamber 200 are arranged independently, and the variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 and the variable-buoyancy chamber is arranged between the variable-volume buoyancy chamber and the variable-buoyancy chamber and the upper buoyancy chamber and the variable-buoyancy chamber. By adopting the structure, the arranged variable-capacity buoyancy cabin mainly realizes the control of the change of the rising buoyancy of the culture box body by water drainage in an air inlet mode or water inlet in an air exhaust mode, and finally realizes the suspension, the rising or the sinking in the ocean by overcoming the whole weight of the culture caisson, so that the culture caisson is positioned in the sea of an optimal water layer and achieves the optimal culture benefit. By adopting the structure, when the device is used, the counterweight 03 is arranged at the bottom of the culture box body, and under the action of the counterweight 03, stable downward tension and anchoring are provided for the culture box body, so that the device has a stabilizing effect on the state of the culture caisson at the sea bottom 17, the lifting process in water and the floating state of the sea surface. The net cage body 02 ensures that water flow inside and outside the culture cage body circulates smoothly, the choked flow effect of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 forms a stagnant flow area in a local culture space, a temporary shelter space can be provided for cultured fishes during the strong ocean current effect, and the culture survival rate is improved. Through self-control bait casting device, can directly put into the net cage body 02 of breed box with bait from the sea in the automation, so need not to float out the sea with the breed box and throw the bait, the operation of throwing the bait is safe and simple and convenient. The cage 02 is maintained in an expanded state by the frame 01, and a stable cultivation volume can be maintained even under the action of strong ocean currents. Because the side edge of the bottom of the net cage body 02 is provided with a net opening, the net opening can be used for directly throwing and catching seedlings. The integral buoyancy of the culture box body is regulated and controlled through the variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely, the combined force of the weight part 03 and the dead weight of the culture box body is overcome), the lifting effect of the culture box body is controlled, the depth of the culture box body in a culture water area is conveniently controlled according to the sea level 16 height or weather, and the culture benefit is high. Therefore, the cultivation caisson is in a sinking mode (namely, the cultivation caisson is sinking in the bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for cultivation production) in the cultivation process, can avoid the attack and damage of typhoons and huge waves, and has the capability of resisting severe sea conditions outside a bay.

In the invention, the frame 01 is a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes, a separation pipe rack for separating the hollow frame into an upper space and a lower space is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the net box 02 is positioned in the upper space, the constant volume buoyancy tanks 04 are positioned in the upper space, two variable volume buoyancy tanks are arranged in the lower space, and a reinforcing pipe rack 10 is further arranged on the side wall of the hollow frame positioned in the lower space. Specifically, two variable-capacity buoyancy tanks are provided, namely an upper variable-capacity buoyancy tank 05 and a lower variable-capacity buoyancy tank 06. Specifically, the hollow frame has a three-dimensional frame structure, and is formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes with different specifications, and the net cage body 02 is fixedly connected in an upper space and maintains a state of expanding and tightening, so that the stable culture volume can be maintained even under the action of strong ocean currents.

In the invention, a central tube 09 is fixedly arranged at the central part of the frame 01, the lower end of the central tube 09 extends to the lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central tube 09, the end part of the lower end of the central tube 09 is fixedly locked and overlapped with a limit locking block below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the counterweight 03 is a concrete casting block with a locking metal block at the center, the locking metal block and the limit locking block are hinged together in a conventional manner, the outer side of the concrete casting block is also connected with the bottom of the frame 01 through a binding steel wire rope, and a steel vertical ladder 15 is arranged at the position of the central tube 09 in the upper space.

According to the cultivation caisson disclosed by the invention, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is a fully-sealed annular box body containing air. This constant volume buoyancy module 04 has the following two functions: firstly, constant buoyancy is provided for the culture box body, and the stable lifting of the culture caisson is assisted; secondly, the choke effect of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 on the sea water can be utilized to form a stagnant area in the local culture space, so as to provide a shelter effect for the cultured fish. The constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 is annular, horizontally arranged in a lying mode and sleeved outside the hollow frame.

In the present invention, the frame 01 has a top pipe rack 07 and a bottom pipe rack 08 which are arranged in a vertically aligned manner, and a side pipe rack which is fixedly connected to the top pipe rack 07 and the bottom pipe rack 08, wherein a plurality of side rods which extend downward to the lower side of the bottom pipe rack 08 are provided at the lower end of the side pipe rack, the side pipe rack has a plurality of side pipes 11 which are erected and whose lower ends are connected to the side rods one by one (i.e., the number of the side rods is the same as that of the side pipes 11), each side rod is circumferentially distributed along the bottom pipe rack 08, the bottom pipe rack 08 is the spacer rack, the space between the bottom pipe rack 08 and the top pipe rack 07 is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, an upper limit rod 131 which extends straight outward is provided on the outer side wall of the top pipe rack 07, a lower limit rod 132 which extends straight outward is provided on the outer side wall of the bottom pipe rack 08, a reinforcing rod which is connected to the bottom pipe rack 08 is provided at the lower side of the lower limit rod 132, the reinforcing pipe rack 10 is circumferentially distributed along the bottom side of the reinforcing pipe rack 08, and the reinforcing cabin 10 is circumferentially distributed along the reinforcing pipe rack 10.

In the present invention, the track pipes 12 are respectively erected at the positions between the upper limit rods 131 and the lower limit rods 132 in the upper space (i.e. the outer sides of the upper space at the track pipes 12), the first recesses for the track pipes 12 to be embedded in are respectively recessed at the inner side surfaces of the constant-volume buoyancy chambers 04 corresponding to the track pipes 12, and the first recesses and the track pipes 12 form a rotation limit structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant-volume buoyancy chambers 04. This first recess serves to define the rotation of the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04.

In the invention, the vertical rods of the upper limit rod 131 and the lower limit rod 132 in the upper space form an up-and-down sliding area which limits the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 in a larger range. The top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is provided with limiting plates 041 which are transversely and oppositely arranged under the upper limiting rod 131, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rod 131 to be clamped into the inner limit is formed between the two limiting plates 041. When the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides up, the upper limiting rod 131 is sleeved in the limiting space on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, so that the effect of limiting the sliding up of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is achieved, and when the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides down, the bottom surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 can touch the lower limiting rod 132, so that the effect of limiting the sliding down of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is achieved. The bottom surface of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04, the limiting space and the upper and lower limiting rods form an upper and lower limiting structure for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide up and down in a certain range.

According to the invention, a stop lever 141 which is arranged horizontally and vertically with the side wall pipe frame is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame, the stop lever 141 is positioned at the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04, each stop lever 141 is arranged in a row at intervals along the up-down direction of the side wall pipe frame, a rotary cross rod 142 which can rotate to the lower part of the stop lever 141 is arranged at the position of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 corresponding to the stop lever 141, the first end of the rotary cross rod 142 is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04, and a fixed limiting rod 042 which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod 142 to rotate out of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 is arranged at the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04; the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 or the rotary cross rod 142 and the stop rod 141 are provided with a cross rod positioning structure which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod 142 from being capable of transversely swinging when the second end of the rotary cross rod 142 is under the stop rod 141, and the rotary cross rod 142, the stop rod 141 and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety regulating device 14. When the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 moves up and down in a large range between the upper limit rod 131 and the lower limit rod 132, the rotary cross rod 142 is horizontally and outwardly rotated to the outside of the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 and fixed; under the fishing operation state, the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the top surface of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is required to horizontally rotate below the stop rod 141 of the corresponding safety adjusting device 14 on the side pipe 11, so that the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is limited to slide upwards, and the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 can be limited at different heights relative to the side pipe frame through the interval distribution of the stop rods 141, so that the safety position adjustment of different floating heights of the culture box body during fishing is realized. The safety regulating devices 14 are provided in at least two and are arranged opposite to each other according to the side pipes 11. By adopting the structure, when the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 slides on the outer side of the frame 01, the safety regulating device 14 can be used for limiting and fixing in a small range according to operation requirements. Simple structure, convenient operation, stable and safe and effective fixed effect.

Preferably, the cross bar positioning structure includes a pin 143 and a pin hole into which the pin is inserted, the pin 143 vertically movably passes through the stop lever 141, the upper end of the pin 143 is limited outside the top surface of the stop lever 141, and the second end of the rotating cross bar 142 is provided with the pin hole which vertically penetrates and into which the lower end of the pin 143 extends. During operation, the lower ends of the bolts 143 penetrate through the bolt holes of the rotary cross bars 142 to achieve limiting fixation, so that the fixed-volume buoyancy cabin 04 is simple in structure, simple to operate, stable and effective in limiting, capable of preventing the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 from being influenced by sea wind or sea waves to perform circumferential rotary motion, and capable of enhancing fishing safety and facilitating fishing.

In the invention, the above-mentioned horizontal rod positioning structure can also adopt another structure, specifically include locating piece (not shown in the figure) and fixed block (not shown in the figure), the above-mentioned fixed block welds and fixes on the outer sidewall of the buoyancy compartment 04 of constant volume, the above-mentioned first end of the rotary horizontal rod 142 is articulated on fixed block in a manner that can move up and down, specifically can be fixed block have pin shaft hole that pass up and down, the first end of the rotary horizontal rod 142 installs the downwardly extending round pin axle, the round pin axle passes the pin shaft hole, and the lower end of the round pin axle is fixed with the spacing piece that limits outside the lock shaft hole, the length of the round pin axle is longer than the length of the pin shaft hole, utilize the round pin axle to realize the rotary horizontal rod to rotate round fixed block, and utilize the length of the round pin axle to make the rotary horizontal rod can lift up and down; the positioning block is fixed on the top surface of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04, is arranged opposite to the inside and outside of the fixed block and is in the same straight line, and a limit groove (not shown in the figure) which penetrates through the inside and outside of the positioning block and is used for placing the rotary cross rod 142 inside is recessed on the top surface of the positioning block. During operation, the rotary cross rod 142 is lifted, the second end of the rotary cross rod 142 is placed in the limiting groove, the rotary cross rod 142 is limited to swing left and right at the moment, the rotary cross rod 142 is limited upwards by the stop rod 141, and then the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 cannot circumferentially rotate and upwardly move outside the culture box body, circumferential rotary motion of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 influenced by sea wind or sea waves is avoided, and fishing safety and convenience are enhanced.

In the present invention, two through openings are respectively provided on the bottom surface of each of the variable-capacity buoyancy tanks and are located outside the opposite sides of the central tube 09, the two through openings are located at the lowest position of the variable-capacity buoyancy tank, and the two through openings are both communicated with a downward extending pipe, which forms the drain pipe 200 and the water inlet pipe 400 (specifically, one through opening is communicated with the downward extending drain pipe 200, and the other through opening is communicated with the downward extending water inlet pipe 400). The top of each variable-capacity buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 are respectively provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end part of the upper section of the air outlet pipe 300 extends out of the sea surface, the upper end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe 100 is communicated with an external vacuum compressor 700, the lower end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe 100 and the lower end part of the lower section of the air outlet pipe 300 are respectively connected with the upper end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe 100 and the upper end part of the lower section of the air outlet pipe 300 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through a quick connector 500, the lower end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe 100 is connected with the air inlet, at least two check valves 600 are arranged on the air inlet pipe 100, each ventilation port is respectively connected with an exhaust branch pipe extending upwards, the three exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the lower end part of the lower section of the air outlet pipe 300 in a common phase through a four-way connector, the upper part of the lower section of each air outlet pipe 300 and the upper part of the lower section of each air inlet pipe 100 are jointly fixed on a pontoon 800, at least one of the pontoon 800 is provided with a vacuum compressor 700, the air inlet pipe is arranged on a cultivating ship 900, and the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet 300 are respectively provided with a stop valve. Specifically, the upper sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 adopt high-pressure hoses, the lower sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 and the fixed part of the cultivation box body adopt stainless steel pipes, and the lower sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the lower sections of the air outlet pipe 300 are positioned in water and are provided with high-pressure hoses.

As a preferable preference of the invention, the variable-capacity buoyancy compartment comprises an upper variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 05 and a lower variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 06 below the upper variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 05, the upper variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 06 are of an integral structure, and the upper variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 05 is not communicated with the lower variable-capacity buoyancy compartment 06; the upper positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 06 are respectively connected with the air inlet pipe 100 through which the compressed air is introduced by the vacuum compressor 700 and the water outlet pipe 200 through which the compressed air is discharged by the vacuum compressor 700 and the cultivation caisson floats upwards, namely the air inlet pipe 100 of the upper positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 05 and the air inlet pipe 100 of the lower positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 06 are separated and independently air-introduced, and the water outlet pipes 200 of the upper positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 06 are separated and independently discharged; the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are respectively connected with the exhaust pipe 300 for discharging compressed gas and the water inlet pipe 400 for sinking the cultivation caisson when the compressed gas is discharged, namely the exhaust pipe 300 of the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the exhaust pipe 300 of the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are separated and independently exhausted, and the water inlet pipes 400 of the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are separated and independently inlet water; the air inlet pipe 100, the water outlet pipe 200, the air outlet pipe 300 and the water inlet pipe 400 are all arranged and connected in the same way as the variable capacity buoyancy tanks, and the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 are provided with corresponding numbers of check valves 600, and the check valves 600 are selected from the existing check valves 600 (namely straight check valves or right angle check valves) and are installed in a conventional way. In the present invention, several existing through check valves or right angle check valves are specifically selected and installed according to the arrangement requirements of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300. The drain pipe 200 and the water inlet pipe 400 are provided with corresponding numbers of through cocks or grids, and the through cocks or grids are all existing ones, so that foreign matters in water can be prevented from blocking the pipe orifice. By adopting the structure, the cultivation caisson has two buoyancy cabin structures, one of which is a sliding type constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 (the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 adopts a fully-sealed structure) and can slide up and down on the frame 01, the other of which is a variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely an upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and a lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06) which is inflated by the vacuum compressor 700 to increase buoyancy for pumping seawater, and the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is divided into two independent cabin bodies (namely the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06) which can respectively enter and discharge air and enter and discharge water, so that different floating states of the cultivation box in water can be realized, and the liftable function of the cultivation caisson is realized. The cultivation caisson can be arranged in an open sea area, the cultivation survival rate is high, and diseases are few.

Preferably, the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are hollow circular structures, and the ends of the air inlet pipe 100, the water outlet pipe 200, the air outlet pipe 300 and the water inlet pipe 400 are respectively provided with a quick connector 500 for connecting pipelines on the operation of the cultivation ship 900. The quick connector 500 employs a conventional quick connector for use with existing pipes. By adopting the structure, when the device is in operation, the device is connected with the air inlet pipe 100 through the vacuum compressor 700, the check valve 600 on the air inlet pipe 100 is automatically opened to introduce air into the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and/or the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 under the action of air pressure, the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and/or the upper drain pipe 200 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is automatically drained, the floating work of the cultivation caisson is realized, and the buoyancy effect of changing the buoyancy received by the cultivation box is realized by adjusting the drainage volume of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and/or the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06. Otherwise, the exhaust pipe 300 is controlled to exhaust the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and/or the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06, and at this time, the water inlet pipe 400 on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and/or the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 automatically enters water, so that the sinking work of the culture box body is realized. The quick connector 500 mainly plays roles of quick disassembly and quick connection of two sections of pipelines, so that the quick connector is simple in structure, convenient to operate and high in efficiency. Wherein, the upper positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 05, the lower positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 06 or the upper positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower positive-displacement buoyancy chamber 06 are simultaneously charged and discharged according to the requirement, thereby realizing the regulation and control of the floating position of the cultivation caisson in the sea water according to the requirement. On the contrary, the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05, the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 or the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are simultaneously exhausted and fed with water according to the requirement, so that the sinking position of the culture caisson in the sea water can be regulated and controlled according to the requirement.

The cultivation caisson has the following beneficial effects:

1. the cultivation caisson is in a bottom-sitting mode (the cultivation caisson is submerged in the bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for cultivation production) in the cultivation process, so that the attack and damage of typhoons and huge waves can be avoided, and the cultivation caisson has the capability of resisting severe sea conditions outside a bay.

2. The cultivation caisson has two buoyancy cabin structures, one of the buoyancy cabin structures is a sliding type constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 (namely, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 is of a full-sealed structure), the buoyancy cabin structures can slide up and down on the frame 01, the other buoyancy cabin structures are a variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06) which is inflated by the vacuum compressor 700 to be increased in buoyancy, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is divided into two independent cabin bodies, air inlet and air outlet and water inlet and water outlet can be respectively carried out, different floating states of the cultivation box body in water can be realized, and the cultivation box body has a liftable function so as to catch, so that the cultivation caisson can be sunk on the sea floor 17, suspended in the sea or float on the sea, and the cultivation caisson can be put in a deep-line sea area with about 35m as long as the sea floor 17 is flat, the applicable sea area is wide, and the size of the cultivation caisson can be adjusted according to the sea area water depth range.

3. The lifting of the cultivation caisson can be realized only by the vacuum compressor 700 on the cultivation ship 900, the cultivation caisson is not required to be lifted by the ship crane, the operation is convenient, the time and the labor are saved, and the management and the fishing operation are convenient.

4. The choking effect of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 of the cultivation caisson can be utilized to form a stagnation area in the local cultivation space, so that a shelter effect is provided for the cultivated fish.

5. The cultivation box body adopts a steel skeleton rigid frame 01 structure, and the high-strength net box body 02 is kept in an expanded and tensed state by the steel skeleton rigid frame 01 structure, so that the stable cultivation volume can be kept even under the action of strong ocean currents.

6. The constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 on the cultivation box body provides upward buoyancy for the whole, the counterweight 03 on the cultivation box body provides downward gravity for the whole, and the counterweight 03 and the gravity provide stabilization for the cultivation caisson in the process of sinking the seabed 17, ascending and descending and fishing.

For better explanation, the sinking operation and the catching operation of the cultivation caisson of the invention take two variable-capacity buoyancy tanks (namely an upper variable-capacity buoyancy tank 05 and a lower variable-capacity buoyancy tank 06 below) as examples.

The sinking operation process of the cultivation caisson disclosed by the invention is as follows:

when the sinking operation starts, the exhaust pipes 300 which are respectively independent on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are exhausted or the exhaust pipes 300 which are respectively independent on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are connected with the vacuum compressor 700 to exhaust air, meanwhile, the water inlet pipes 400 which are respectively independent on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are filled with water, the water inlet pipes 400 on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 gradually enter water along with the exhaust of the exhaust pipes 300, so that the gravity of the whole cultivation caisson is larger than the buoyancy, the whole cultivation caisson is enabled to sink, until the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 are filled with seawater, the whole cultivation caisson is immersed in the seawater until the seawater is in a bottom suspension state, at this time, because the buoyancy of the constant-capacity buoyancy chamber 04 is larger than the gravity of the self-body, the constant-capacity buoyancy chamber 04 slides on the frame 01 until the upper limit rod 131 of the upper limit structure abuts against (namely, the constant-capacity buoyancy chamber 04 is abutted against the upper limit rod 131 of the cultivation caisson 01), and the whole cultivation caisson is completed. At this time, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 on the cultivation box body provides upward buoyancy for the whole body, the counterweight 03 on the cultivation box body provides downward gravity for the whole body, the gravity is larger than the buoyancy, the gravity and the gravity are stressed to enable the cultivation box body to be in a suspended state in water at this time, and the cultivation caisson is wholly sunk on the seabed 17 (namely, the cultivation caisson is in a sitting state) as shown in fig. 6. At this time, the entire culture caisson has a certain pressure on the seabed 17.

The fishing operation process of the cultivation caisson comprises the following steps:

when the fishing operation is prepared, the culture box body is suspended in water or the culture caisson is sunk on the seabed 17, firstly, the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 100 on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 is connected with a pipeline on the air outlet end of the vacuum compressor 700 on the ship through the quick connector 500, and the vacuum compressor 700 is started to press compressed air into the air inlet pipe 100 on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05. Since the discharge pipe 300 has the check valve 600 thereon, the check valve 600 is closed under pressure during the compression process, thereby preventing the discharge of the discharge pipe 300. With further air compression of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05, the air in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is increased, the pressure in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is increased, the seawater in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is gradually discharged outwards from the upper drain pipe 200 (even though the seawater is gradually discharged outwards), until the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is in an empty chamber state (namely, when the seawater in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is emptied), the air inlet pipe 100 is always in an operating state, the culture box body is lifted to be in a floating state at the exposed top as shown in fig. 7, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is still in the upper limit rod 131, the whole culture box body is in a floating state at the exposed top, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is still floating at the top of the culture box body, and the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is in a free floating state, and the highest point of the culture box body is exposed to the water surface for about 1m (namely, 0.5m, 0.8m, 1.2m and 1.5 m).

When the fishing operation is continued, the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is connected with a pipeline on the air outlet end of the vacuum compressor 700 on the ship through the quick connector 500, the vacuum compressor 700 is started to press compressed air into the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06, at the moment, the vacuum compressor 700 continuously inflates the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05 (or the air can not be continuously compressed any more due to the self-closing of the check valve 600 arranged on the air inlet pipe on the upper variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 05), and the check valve 600 is arranged on the air outlet pipe 300, so that the check valve 600 is in a closed state under the pressure action in the air compression process, and the air outlet of the air outlet pipe 300 is prevented. With further air compression of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06, the air in the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually increased, the pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually increased, the seawater in the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually discharged outwards through the upper drain pipe 200 (even though the seawater is gradually discharged outwards), the air inlet pipe 100 is always in a working state, at the moment, the cultivation caisson continues to float upwards, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 and the cultivation box body perform relative motion, and the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 does not slide downwards from the sea level 16 under the action of self gravity and seawater buoyancy.

When the fishing operation starts (i.e. when the cultivation caisson floats up until the fishing operation requirement is met), the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is continuously compressed and the compression pressure of the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is kept at the time (or the vacuum compressor 700 is stopped to compress the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06, i.e. the compression can not be continued any more because the check valve 600 arranged on the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is self-closed). In order to ensure the operation safety of personnel and the safety of cultured products, the installation and adjustment device 14 starts operation (namely, the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety adjustment device 14 on the top surface of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 rotates into and is positioned right below the stop rod 141, the rotary cross rod 142 is matched with the stop rod 141), the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is further matched and fixed with the frame 01, the unexpected floating or sinking of the cultured caisson is controlled, the fishing operation is performed under the safety guarantee at the moment, the distance between the sea level 16 and the top surface of the bottom surface pipe frame 08 is about 1.6m, and the operation requires on-site water level observation and the manual micro-control of the vacuum compressor 700. The fishing operation is started as shown in fig. 8. According to the demand of the density of the aquaculture water, because the air inlet pipe 100 of the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is provided with the self-closing check valve 600, the inflation of the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 can be stopped, and the highest water level of the fishing operation under the safety guarantee is set to be about 1.6m (namely, the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is about 1.6 m), and the highest water level meets the fishing operation requirement.

In the fishing operation, when the calm sea condition and the condition of ensuring safe operation are met, the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is continuously compressed and the compressed air pressure of the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06 is kept at the time (or the vacuum compressor 700 is stopped to compress the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06, that is, the compressed air can not be continuously compressed any more due to the self-closing of the check valve 600 arranged on the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy chamber 06), the safety regulating device 14 starts to operate, the constant-capacity buoyancy chamber 04 is matched and fixed with the frame 01, the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is about 0.8-1.3m (the operation needs on-site water level observation and the manual micro-control of the vacuum compressor 700), the operation of the safety regulating device 14 can be repeatedly started or locked, and the fishing operation can be directly performed as shown in fig. 9.

With the further progress of the fishing operation, the reduction of the caught objects in the cultivation caisson (namely the cultivation objects in the net cage body 02) is achieved, the floating height of the cultivation caisson does not meet the fishing operation requirement, and the fishing operation is stopped. At this time, the operation of releasing the safety regulation device 14 (i.e. the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety regulation device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 rotates out and is separated from the position right below the stop rod 141), the operation of releasing the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 and the frame 01 is carried out, the compressed air pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy compartment 06 is increased by the vacuum compressor 700, the lower variable volume buoyancy compartment 06 continues to drain outwards through the drain pipe 200, the cultivation caisson continues to float upwards, the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 slides downwards until the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again (i.e. the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom surface pipe frame 08 is 0.75-0.8m, the operation needs on-site water level observation and the manual micro-control of the vacuum compressor 700), the compressed air of the lower variable volume buoyancy compartment 06 is continued and the compressed air pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy compartment 06 is kept at this time, the operation of the safety regulation device 14 is restarted (i.e. the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety regulation device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 rotates into and is right below the stop rod 141, the rotary cross rod 142 and the stop rod 141 is matched with the stop rod 141), the constant volume buoyancy compartment 04 and the fishing operation starts again.

The fishing operation process is repeated for a plurality of times, the water density of the culture product is continuously reduced, the pumping can be gradually regulated to the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06, the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually drained until the sea water in the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is emptied, the vacuum compressor 700 continuously pumps the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 to the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 (or the self-closing of the check valve 600 mounted on the air inlet pipe 100 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 can not continuously pump air any more), at the moment, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame 01 under the action of self gravity, the safety regulating device 14 is started to operate (namely, the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety regulating device 14 on the top surface of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is rotated into and is positioned under the stop rod 141, and the rotary cross rod 142 is matched with the stop rod 141), the top surface of the culture caisson is exposed to the highest water, the fishing operation bottommost water level is reached (namely, the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is about 0.35m, the operation requires on-site water level observation and vacuum compressor 700 to be micro-controlled), the fishing operation is continued, and the fishing operation is finally completed, as shown in fig. 10.

The integral sinking process state of the culture caisson is opposite to the floating process state, and the injection and discharge of seawater in the variable-volume buoyancy cabin are correspondingly operated reversely.

It should be noted that: the cultivation caisson is in a bottom-sitting state in the sea, but the self-made bait casting device can directly and automatically cast bait into the net cage body 02 of the cultivation box from the sea surface, so that the cultivation caisson does not need to float out of the sea for bait casting, and the bait casting operation is safe and simple. The net cage body 02 of the cultivation caisson is detachable, and can be quickly detached under the condition of broken net and the like.

The cultivation caisson disclosed by the invention is normally sunk on the offshore bottom 17 for cultivation production, floats to the sea surface only when management and safety inspection are needed, and is sunk back to the offshore bottom 17 for cultivation production after relevant operation is completed. The automatic bait casting device has the advantages of strong anti-typhoon capability (namely, the device is sunk on the seabed 17, the sea waves are remarkably attenuated, the influence of the direct damage of the sea waves is small), the influence of the sea currents is small (namely, the rigid structure prevents the reduction of the cultivation space, the set stagnant area ensures the normal and safe cultivation of large yellow croaker, groupers and the like when the flow rate exceeds 1 m/s), the management operation is simple (namely, one air compressor can control the cultivation caisson to ascend and descend, the temporary fish casting device is arranged, the fishing of the cultivation products is facilitated, the automatic bait casting device is designed to automatically cast bait to the cultivation caisson sunk on the seabed 17, and the investment can be accepted by individual farmers or small and miniature cultivation enterprises.

The invention has the characteristics that the concrete details are as follows:

1. the typhoon and billow resistance is strong. The cultivation caisson disclosed by the invention is submerged in the bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for cultivation production, and utilizes the natural law that the wave intensity is rapidly attenuated along with the increase of the water depth, so that the attack and damage of typhoons and huge waves are avoided, and the safe production requirement under the living working condition of target-level typhoons is realized. In addition, the natural environment of the bottom sea area is more stable, the influence of fouling organisms is obviously reduced, and the comprehensive cultivation effect is improved.

2. The anti-ocean current deformation performance is good. The high-strength net cage body 02 is kept in an expanded and tensed state by the steel skeleton structure frame 01, and the stable culture volume can be kept even under the action of strong ocean currents; the choking effect of the sliding constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 is utilized to form a stagnation area in a local culture space, so that a temporary rest space can be provided for main famous and excellent cultured fishes such as large yellow croakers, groupers and the like during the action of strong ocean currents, the culture survival rate is improved, and the problem of the current ocean currents on the neck of the caisson culture for the out-of-bay storm-resistant culture is solved.

3. The management operation is relatively simple. Under the drive of high-pressure gas of an air compressor, the cultivation caisson and the operation mode thereof can realize the lifting of different floating states of the cultivation caisson system, such as the sinking of the cultivation caisson system on the sea floor 17, the floating of the top surface of the cultivation caisson, the floating of the bottom surface of the cultivation caisson (i.e. the floating process can hover according to the requirement), and the like, thereby providing conditions for relatively conveniently carrying out management operations, such as inspection, fishing, removal of fouling organisms (or net replacement), and the like in the cultivation production process; the automatic bait feeding system which can automatically feed the cultivation caisson every day within 4 days (which can be extended to 7-10 days) is matched, and the problem of feeding in the high sea condition environment of the overseas area in the winter and spring period is solved.

4. Is suitable for mass cultivation. The single-port cultivation caisson cultivation water body of the cultivation caisson is about 1000m ³ The facility system investment is not more than million yuan, and the method is suitable for small micro-farming enterprises and even farmers; the bay-out sea area of China is located on a western ocean continental shelf, the gradient of the sea bottom 17 is gentle (about 0.7 degree average), the water depth is shallow, the depth line of 35m is far off shore as a whole, and the economic efficiency of a land-based management mode is poor. The invention relates to a cultivation caissonThe water depth is about 35m, and meets the requirements of the cultivation and production of the gulf overseas region and the masses in China.

The above examples and drawings are not intended to limit the form or form of the present invention, and any suitable variations or modifications thereof by those skilled in the art should be construed as not departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The operation method for cultivating the caisson is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps of sinking operation and fishing operation:

the sinking operation is completed by the following operations:

the cultivation caisson is transported to an offshore cultivation area through a working ship, then an exhaust pipe is exhausted, at the moment, seawater can flow into a variable-volume buoyancy chamber automatically through an inlet pipe by exhaust of the exhaust pipe, the whole cultivation caisson is sunk along with water injection of the variable-volume buoyancy chamber, the gravity of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber is smaller than the buoyancy of the constant-volume buoyancy chamber, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber slides upwards to an upper limit structure, a counterweight piece falls onto a seabed to be fixedly placed after each variable-volume buoyancy chamber is filled with water, at the moment, the cultivation box body is in a suspended state in water, and the whole cultivation caisson is sunk on the seabed, namely in a sitting state, so that the sinking of the cultivation caisson is completed;

The fishing operation is completed by the following operations:

step one: the method comprises the steps that a variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is placed above a cultivation caisson and sunk on the seabed is taken as an upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is placed below the cultivation caisson is taken as a lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is outwards drained through a drain pipe until the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is in an empty cabin state, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, at the moment, the cultivation caisson is lifted to be in a floating state with exposed top, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is still in an upper limit structure, and the cultivation caisson is exposed to the sea level for 0.5m-1.5 m;

step two: compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the lower variable-capacity buoyancy cabin, the lower variable-capacity buoyancy cabin is drained outwards through a drain pipe, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, and the cultivation caisson continues to float upwards; when the cultivation caisson floats upwards until the requirement of fishing operation is met, continuously compressing air for the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, keeping the compression air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin at the moment, starting a safety regulating device, fixing the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame in a matched mode, and starting fishing operation;

step three: after the fishing operation is carried out for a period of time, the amount of the cultivated objects in the net cage body is reduced, the floating height of the cultivation caisson does not meet the fishing operation requirement, and the fishing operation is stopped; closing the safety regulating device, releasing the cooperation and fixation of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame, then increasing the air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, continuously draining the water outwards from the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin through the drain pipe, continuously floating the cultivation caisson upwards, sliding the constant-volume buoyancy cabin downwards, continuously air-compressing the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin and maintaining the air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin at the moment when the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again, starting the safety regulating device, and re-cooperating and fixing the constant-volume buoyancy cabin and the frame, and starting the fishing operation; repeating the fishing operation process for a plurality of times until the floating of the cultivation caisson reaches the lowest fishing operation, and the constant-volume buoyancy cabin slides downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame under the action of self gravity to finally finish the fishing operation;

The cultivation caisson comprises a cultivation box body and a counterweight piece, wherein the counterweight piece is arranged below the cultivation box body and hinged with the cultivation box body, the cultivation box body is provided with a frame with a steel skeleton structure and a net box body fixedly arranged on the frame in a manner of stretching from inside to outside, and the net box body is arranged in the frame; the method is characterized in that: the device comprises a frame, a constant-volume buoyancy cabin and a variable-volume buoyancy cabin, wherein the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the frame in a manner of sliding up and down, an upper limiting structure for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy cabin to slide out of the frame is arranged at the upper part of the frame, a lower limiting structure for limiting the constant-volume buoyancy cabin to slide out of the frame is arranged at the lower part of the frame, a safety adjusting device for enabling a culture box body to be matched and fixed with the frame when floating on a water surface is arranged on the constant-volume buoyancy cabin, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the frame and between a net cage body and a counterweight, a drain pipe and a water inlet pipe which are communicated with a cavity of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin are arranged at the bottom of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the top of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are communicated with the cavity of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the drain pipe and the air inlet pipe extend out of the frame, the air inlet pipe and the air outlet pipe extend upwards to the frame, the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with at least two water surfaces, the variable-volume buoyancy cabins are arranged up and down, and the variable-volume buoyancy cabins are correspondingly and respectively and independently provided with the variable-volume buoyancy cabin and the air inlet pipe;

The frame comprises a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes, a separation pipe rack for separating the hollow frame into an upper space and a lower space is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the net cage body is positioned in the upper space, the constant-volume buoyancy cabins are positioned in the range of the upper space, two variable-volume buoyancy cabins are arranged, two variable-volume buoyancy cabins are positioned in the lower space, and a reinforcing pipe rack is further arranged on the side wall of the hollow frame positioned in the range of the lower space;

the frame is fixedly provided with a central pipe at the central part of the upper space, the lower end of the central pipe extends to the lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central pipe, the end part of the lower end of the central pipe is fixedly locked with a limiting locking block overlapped below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the weight piece is a concrete casting block with a locking metal block at the center, the locking metal block is hinged with the limiting locking block, the outer side of the concrete casting block is also connected with the bottom of the frame through a binding steel wire rope, and the part of the central pipe in the upper space is provided with a steel vertical ladder;

the frame is provided with a top surface pipe frame and a bottom surface pipe frame which are arranged in an up-down alignment way, and a side wall pipe frame fixedly connected with the top surface pipe frame and the bottom surface pipe frame, wherein the lower end of the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of side rods which extend downwards to the lower part of the bottom surface pipe frame, each side rod is circumferentially distributed along the bottom surface pipe frame, the bottom surface pipe frame is the separation pipe frame, the space between the bottom surface pipe frame and the top surface pipe frame is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, the outer side wall of the top surface pipe frame is provided with an upper limit rod which extends outwards flatly, the upper limit rod is of the upper limit structure, the outer side wall of the bottom surface pipe frame is provided with a lower limit rod which extends outwards flatly, the lower limit rod is of the lower limit structure, a reinforcing rod connected with the side rods is arranged below the lower limit rod, the outer side edge of the bottom surface pipe frame is circumferentially distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom surface pipe frame, the reinforcing pipe frame is connected with the side rods, and the capacity-variable buoyancy force is positioned in the space of each reinforcing cabin and is connected with the reinforcing pipe frame;

A stop lever which is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame in a horizontal manner and is perpendicular to the side wall pipe frame is arranged on the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, a rotary cross rod which rotates to the lower side of the stop lever is arranged at the position, corresponding to the stop lever, of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, the first end of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy cabin, and a fixed limiting rod which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to rotate out of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin; the second end of the rotary cross rod and the stop lever are provided with a cross rod positioning structure which can not transversely swing when the second end of the rotary cross rod is arranged below the stop lever, or the constant volume buoyancy cabin is provided with a cross rod positioning structure which can not transversely swing when the second end of the rotary cross rod is arranged below the stop lever, and the rotary cross rod, the stop lever and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety regulating device.

2. A method of operation of a caisson according to claim 1, wherein: the constant volume buoyancy cabin is a fully-sealed annular box body containing air, the parts between the upper limiting rod and the lower limiting rod, which are located in the upper space, are respectively provided with a track pipe in a standing mode, the inner side face of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, which corresponds to the track pipes, is respectively provided with a first concave for embedding the track pipes in a concave mode, and the first concave and the track pipes form a rotary limiting structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant volume buoyancy cabin.

3. A method of operation of a caisson according to claim 2, wherein: the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is provided with limiting plates which are transversely and oppositely arranged under the upper limiting rods, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rods to be clamped into in the inner limiting is formed between the two limiting plates.

4. A method of operation of a caisson according to claim 1, wherein: the cross rod positioning structure arranged on the rotary cross rod and the stop rod comprises a bolt and a bolt hole for the bolt to be inserted into, the bolt vertically and movably passes through the stop rod, the upper end part of the bolt is limited outside the top surface of the stop rod, and the second end part of the rotary cross rod is provided with the bolt hole which vertically penetrates and is used for the lower end of the bolt to extend into;

or, the above-mentioned horizontal pole location structure of setting on constant volume buoyancy cabin includes locating piece and fixed block, and above-mentioned fixed block welds to be fixed on the lateral wall in constant volume buoyancy cabin, and the first end tip of above-mentioned rotatory horizontal pole is articulated on the fixed block with the mode activity that can reciprocate, and above-mentioned locating piece is fixed on the top surface in constant volume buoyancy cabin and the inside and outside relative setting of fixed block and in same straight line, and the top surface indent of above-mentioned locating piece has along the inside and outside limiting groove that link up of locating piece and supply rotatory horizontal pole to put into in.

5. A method of operation of a caisson according to claim 1, wherein: the bottom surface of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with two through holes and is positioned outside two opposite sides of the central pipe, one of the two through holes is communicated with the water discharge pipe which extends downwards, the other through hole is communicated with the water inlet pipe which extends downwards, the top of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe and the air discharge pipe are provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end part of the upper section of the air discharge pipe extends out of the sea surface, the upper end part of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an external vacuum compressor, the lower end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the upper section of the air discharge pipe are respectively connected with the upper end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the lower section of the air discharge pipe in one-to-one correspondence through quick connectors, the lower end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe is connected with the air inlet, at least two check valves are arranged on the air inlet pipe, the three exhaust branch pipes are respectively connected with the air discharge pipes which extend upwards through four-way interfaces and are commonly communicated with the lower end parts of the air inlet pipe in one phase, the upper section of each air discharge pipe is fixedly arranged on the upper part of the lower section of each air discharge pipe and the upper section of the air inlet pipe is fixedly connected with the upper part of each upper section of the air inlet pipe.