CN112806291A

CN112806291A - Culture caisson and operation method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN112806291A
Application number: CN202110209853.6A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 郑国富; 林国珍; 扈喆; 蔡文鸿; 任美龙; 丁兰; 魏盛军; 张哲�; 周俊麟; 姚桂祥; 魏金顺
Original assignee: Putian Haizhihong Aquatic Product Technology Co ltd; Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center); Jimei University
Current assignee: Putian Haizhihong Aquatic Product Technology Co ltd; Fisheries Research Institute Of Fujian (fujian Aquatic Disease Prevention Center); Jimei University
Priority date: 2021-02-06
Filing date: 2021-02-24
Publication date: 2021-05-18
Anticipated expiration: 2041-02-24
Also published as: CN112806291B

Abstract

The invention discloses a culture caisson and an operation method thereof, wherein the culture caisson comprises a culture box body, a weight piece, a constant-volume buoyancy cabin and a variable-volume buoyancy cabin, wherein the weight piece is positioned below the culture box body and is hinged with the culture box body, and the culture box body is provided with a framework with a steel framework structure and a high-strength netting box body; constant volume buoyancy cabin suit is outside the frame, and the upper portion of frame is equipped with limit structure, and limit structure and safety control device under the lower part of frame is equipped with, and varactor buoyancy cabin installs on the frame, and the bottom in varactor buoyancy cabin has drain pipe and inlet tube, and the top in varactor buoyancy cabin has intake pipe and blast pipe, and outside drain pipe and the inlet tube extended to the frame, intake pipe and blast pipe upwards extended to the surface of water, and varactor buoyancy cabin was provided with two at least. Compared with the prior art, the culture caisson has the characteristics of strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance, simple and convenient management and operation, safe production, high culture efficiency and simple and convenient management, and is suitable for popularization and application in coastal culture.

Description

Culture caisson and operation method thereof

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of culture caissons, in particular to a culture caisson and an operation method thereof.

Background

China develops extra-bay deep-water cage culture from the end of the last century, designs and researches various extra-bay culture caissons and develops demonstration culture, however, as time goes on and scale grows, the problems of insufficient typhoon resistance, poor adaptability to strong ocean currents in sea areas, lack of specific anti-storm cage culture and management technology and specification and the like in the extra-bay sea area in China are increasingly prominent, and the healthy development of the efficient culture in the extra-bay sea area in China is severely restricted. In recent years, large-scale marine equipment manufacturing enterprises advance to army and deep and open sea cultivation equipment, but the ultrahigh equipment investment cannot meet the mass cultivation production requirements of small and micro cultivation enterprises or farmers as units.

In view of this, the inventor of the present application has conducted an in-depth study on net cages, and has developed the present application.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a culture caisson which has strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance and simple and convenient management and operation and is suitable for popularization and application in coastal and even deep sea culture.

The invention also aims to provide an operation method for cultivating the caisson.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a culture caisson comprises a culture box body and a weight piece, wherein the weight piece is positioned below the culture box body and hinged with the culture box body; the buoyancy module comprises a frame, a constant volume buoyancy chamber and a variable volume buoyancy chamber, wherein the constant volume buoyancy chamber is sleeved outside the frame in a vertical sliding mode, the upper portion of the frame is provided with an upper limit structure for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber to slide out of the frame, the lower portion of the frame is provided with a lower limit structure for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber to slide out of the frame, the constant volume buoyancy chamber is provided with a safety regulating device for fixing the breeding box body in a matched manner with the frame when the breeding box body floats on the water surface, the variable volume buoyancy chamber is arranged on the frame and is positioned between a net box body and a counterweight, the bottom of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with a drain pipe and a variable volume water inlet pipe which are communicated with a cavity of the buoyancy chamber, the top of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are communicated with the cavity of the variable volume buoyancy chamber, the drain pipe, the variable-volume buoyancy chambers are at least two and are arranged up and down, and the drain pipes, the water inlet pipes, the air inlet pipes and the exhaust pipes are correspondingly and respectively and independently arranged in the variable-volume buoyancy chambers.

The frame comprises a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipe bodies, a separation pipe frame for separating an upper space and a lower space from the hollow frame is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the netting box body is arranged in the upper space, the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged in the upper space, the variable volume buoyancy cabin is provided with two or two of the variable volume buoyancy cabin, the variable volume buoyancy cabin is arranged in the lower space, and the hollow frame is arranged on the side wall of the lower space and is also provided with a reinforcing pipe frame.

The central part of the upper space of the frame is fixedly provided with a central tube, the lower end of the central tube extends to the lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central tube, the end part of the lower end of the central tube is locked with a limiting locking block which is stacked below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the counterweight is a concrete pouring block with a locking metal block in the center, the locking metal block and the limiting locking block are hinged together, the outer side of the concrete pouring block is also connected with the bottom of the frame through a binding steel wire rope, and a steel vertical ladder stand is arranged at the part of the central tube in the upper space.

The frame is provided with a top surface pipe frame and a bottom surface pipe frame which are arranged in an up-down contraposition way, and a side wall pipe frame fixedly connected with the top surface pipe frame and the bottom surface pipe frame, the lower end of the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of side rods extending downwards to the lower part of the bottom surface pipe frame, each side rod is distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom surface pipe frame in a surrounding way, the bottom surface pipe frame is the partition pipe frame, the distance between the bottom surface pipe frame and the top surface pipe frame is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, the outer side wall of the top surface pipe frame is provided with an upper limiting rod extending outwards in a straight way, the upper limiting rod is the upper limiting structure, the outer side wall of the bottom surface pipe frame is provided with a lower limiting rod extending outwards in a straight way, the lower limiting rod is provided with the lower limiting structure, a reinforcing rod connected with the side, the reinforcing pipe frame is distributed in a surrounding mode along the circumferential direction of the pipe frame on the bottom surface, the reinforcing pipe frame is connected with the side rods, and the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is located in a space surrounded by the reinforcing pipe frames and is connected with part of the reinforcing pipe frames.

The constant volume buoyancy cabin is a fully-sealed annular box body containing air, the upper limiting rod and the lower limiting rod are respectively provided with a track pipe vertically at the position between the upper space and the lower space, the inner side surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with a first recess for the track pipe to be embedded in, and the first recess and the track pipe form a rotation limiting structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant volume buoyancy cabin.

The top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is provided with limiting plates which are transversely and oppositely vertically arranged under the upper limiting rod, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rod to be clamped in the inner limiting is formed between the two limiting plates.

A stop lever which is arranged transversely and vertically to the side wall pipe frame is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame and is positioned on the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, a rotary cross rod which rotates to the lower part of the stop lever is arranged on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin corresponding to the stop lever, the first end of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy cabin, and a fixed limiting rod which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to rotate out of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin; the constant volume buoyancy cabin or the rotary cross rod and the stop rod are provided with a cross rod positioning structure which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to be incapable of transversely swinging under the stop rod, and the rotary cross rod, the stop rod and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety adjusting device.

The cross rod positioning structure comprises a bolt and a bolt hole for inserting the bolt into, the bolt vertically and movably penetrates through the stop lever, the upper end part of the bolt is limited outside the top surface of the stop lever, and the second end part of the rotary cross rod is provided with the bolt hole which vertically penetrates through and allows the lower end of the bolt to extend into the rotary cross rod; or the cross rod positioning structure comprises a positioning block and a fixing block, the fixing block is fixedly welded on the outer side wall of the constant volume buoyancy chamber, the first end part of the rotating cross rod is movably hinged to the fixing block in a vertically movable mode, the positioning block is fixed on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber and is arranged opposite to the inside and the outside of the fixing block and is positioned on the same straight line, and a limiting groove which is communicated with the inside and the outside of the positioning block and is used for the rotating cross rod to be placed in is formed in the concave position of the top surface of.

The bottom surface of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with two through holes and is positioned outside two opposite sides of a central pipe, one of the two through holes is communicated with and provided with the drain pipe extending downwards, the other through hole is communicated with and provided with the water inlet pipe extending downwards, the top of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end part of the upper section of the exhaust pipe extends out of the sea surface, the upper end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an external vacuum compressor, the lower end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe and the lower end part of the upper section of the exhaust pipe are respectively connected with the upper end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the lower section of the exhaust pipe in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the three exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the lower end part of the lower section of the exhaust pipe through a four-way connector, the upper part of the lower section of each exhaust pipe and the upper part of the lower section of each air inlet pipe are fixed on a buoy together, the buoy is provided with at least one, and the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are both provided with stop valves.

The operation method of the culture caisson comprises the following steps:

the sinking operation is completed by the following operations:

will breed caisson transport to mariculture district department through the operation ship, later the blast pipe exhausts, the exhaust of blast pipe can make the sea water flow to varactor buoyancy under-deck through the inlet tube automatically this moment, water injection along with varactor buoyancy under-deck makes whole breed caisson sink, the buoyancy that is less than constant volume buoyancy under-deck because of the gravity in constant volume buoyancy under-deck, the supreme limit structure department of constant volume buoyancy under-deck upwards sliding, it places to fix on the seabed to fill water back counterweight whereabouts when each varactor buoyancy under-deck, breed the box body at the suspended state in aqueous this moment, breed the caisson is whole to sink and sit the end state on the seabed promptly, accomplish the sinking of breeding the caisson.

The fishing operation is completed by the following operations:

the method comprises the following steps: the method comprises the following steps that a variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is arranged above in a culture caisson and is sunk on a seabed is used as an upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, a variable-volume buoyancy cabin which is arranged below is used as a lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is drained outwards through a drain pipe until the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin is in an empty cabin state, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, the culture caisson rises at the moment and is in a top-exposed floating state, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is still arranged at an upper limit structure, and the height of the sea level exposed out of the;

step two: compressed gas is pressed into an air inlet pipe on the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin is drained outwards through a drain pipe, the air inlet pipe is always in a working state, and the culture caisson continues to rise upwards to float. When the culture caisson floats upwards until the requirement of the fishing operation is met, the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin is continuously compressed with air and the compressed air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin is kept at the moment, the safety adjusting device is started, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is matched and fixed with the frame, and the fishing operation is started.

Step three: after the fishing operation is carried out for a period of time, the cultured objects in the netting case are reduced, the floating height of the culture caisson does not meet the fishing operation requirement, and the fishing operation is stopped; at the moment, the safety adjusting device is closed, the constant volume buoyancy cabin is released from being matched and fixed with the frame, then the air compression pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is increased, the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is continuously drained outwards through a drain pipe, the culture caisson is continuously floated upwards, the constant volume buoyancy cabin slides downwards until the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again, the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is continuously compressed and the air compression pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin at the moment is kept, the safety adjusting device is opened, the constant volume buoyancy cabin and the frame are matched and fixed again, and the fishing operation is started again; and repeating the fishing operation process for many times until the culture caisson floats upwards to reach the lowest fishing operation, and sliding the constant-volume buoyancy cabin downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame under the action of self gravity to finally finish the fishing operation.

The culture caisson has the beneficial effects that:

the invention adopts the framework with a steel framework structure to match with the netting box body with high strength, and the breeding box body is provided with the constant volume buoyancy cabin and the variable volume buoyancy cabin, realizes the lifting operation by the matching adjustment of water inlet and water discharge, air inlet and air exhaust of each variable volume buoyancy cabin, and has the following steps: firstly, can make and breed the caisson and sink in the seabed, the typhoon attack is avoided to the natural law that usable wave increases and attenuates rapidly along with the depth of water, even also can not cause the damage of box destruction and breed product in strong typhoon weather. And secondly, the buoyancy of the whole culture caisson is regulated and controlled through the variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely, the resultant force of the weight piece, the culture caisson body and the net cage body is overcome), the lifting effect of the culture caisson is controlled, the depth of the culture caisson in a culture water area is controlled according to the height of the sea level, weather or ocean current, the culture benefit maximization is realized, and the management is convenient. Thirdly, through the air inlet and the exhaust of air compressor on the breed boats and ships and varactor buoyancy cabin, realize intaking, the drainage in varactor buoyancy cabin to change varactor buoyancy cabin buoyancy in the sea, make breed caisson come-up to the sea on, need not to hoist through boats and ships lifting machine and breed the caisson, convenient operation, labour saving and time saving conveniently manages and catches the operation. Fourthly, the ocean current deformation resistance is good, the high-strength netting is maintained to be expanded by the steel skeleton structure, and the stable culture volume can be kept even under the action of strong ocean current; a stagnant flow area is formed in a local culture space by utilizing the flow resistance effect of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, a temporary rest space can be provided for cultured fishes during the action of strong ocean current, and the culture survival rate is improved. Fifthly, the constant buoyancy of the constant volume buoyancy cabin and the concrete weight piece of the culture caisson play a stabilizing role in the seabed state, the underwater lifting process and the sea surface floating state of the culture caisson. Therefore, the culture caisson has the characteristics of strong typhoon and billow resistance, good ocean current deformation resistance, simple and convenient management and operation, safe production, high culture efficiency and simple and convenient management, and is suitable for being popularized and applied in coastal and even deep and open sea culture.

The operation method of the culture caisson has the same beneficial effects of the culture caisson and the like, and has the characteristics of simple and convenient management and operation, less personnel required for operation, low labor cost and high operation efficiency, so the operation method is more suitable for coastal culture and deep and open sea culture and popularization and application.

Drawings

For ease of illustration, the invention is described in detail by the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a schematic bottom view of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a general framework diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a working principle diagram of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a view showing the state of the present invention being sunk on the seabed.

Fig. 7 is a state of the present invention exposed to the sea level.

FIG. 8 is a state diagram at the beginning of the fishing operation state of the present invention.

FIG. 9 is a view showing a state where sea conditions are excellent or safe operation can be ensured in the fishing operation of the present invention.

FIG. 10 is a view showing the state of the lowest water level in the fishing operation of the present invention.

Fig. 11 is a schematic structural view of the safety adjusting device of the present invention.

In the figure:

frame-01; netting box-02; a counterweight-03; a constant volume buoyancy chamber-04; a limiting plate-041; a fixed stop lever 042; an upper variable volume buoyancy chamber-05; a lower variable volume buoyancy chamber-06; a top surface pipe frame-07; bottom surface pipe frame-08; a central tube-09; a reinforced pipe frame-10; a side tube-11; a rail pipe-12; an upper limit rod-131; a lower limit lever-132; a safety regulating device-14; a stop lever-141; rotating the cross bar-142; a latch-143; a vertical ladder stand-15; sea level-16; -17, the sea floor; an air inlet pipe-100; a drain pipe-200; an exhaust pipe-300; a water inlet pipe-400; quick coupling-500; a check valve-600; a vacuum compressor-700; a buoy-800; a culture vessel-900.

Detailed Description

In order to further explain the technical solution of the present invention, the present invention is explained in detail by the following specific examples.

As shown in fig. 1 to 11, the cultivation caisson of the present invention comprises a cultivation box body and a weight member 03, wherein the weight member 03 mainly functions to provide a stable downward pulling force and a stable mooring, the weight member 03 is located below the cultivation box body and is hinged to the cultivation box body, the cultivation box body is provided with a frame 01 with a steel skeleton structure and a net box body 02 with high strength, the net box body 02 is installed in the frame 01, the net box body 02 is sewn into a box body structure by using a high-strength net piece, the net box body 02 is fixedly installed on the frame 01 in an opening manner from inside to outside (i.e., the net box body 02 is connected with the frame 01 in a detaching manner and maintains an expanded state), and the net box body 02 is mainly used for cultivating aquatic products.

The culture caisson of the invention also comprises a constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 and a variable volume buoyancy chamber, wherein the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is sleeved outside the frame 01 in a manner of sliding up and down, the upper part of the frame 01 is provided with an upper limit rod 131 for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 from sliding out of the frame 01, the lower part of the frame 01 is provided with a lower limit rod 132 for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 from sliding out of the frame 01, the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is provided with a safety regulating device 14 which is matched with the frame 01 to limit the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 when the culture caisson floats on the water surface, the variable volume buoyancy chamber is arranged on the frame 01 and is positioned between the netting box body 02 and the counterweight 03, the bottom of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with a water outlet pipe 200 and a water inlet pipe 400 which are communicated with the chamber of the variable volume buoyancy chamber, the top of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with an air inlet pipe 100 and an air outlet pipe 300 which are communicated with the chamber, outside drain pipe 200 and inlet tube 400 extended to frame 01, intake pipe 100 and blast pipe 300 upwards extended to the surface of water, above-mentioned varactor buoyancy cabin was provided with varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and varactor buoyancy cabin 06 down, and it arranges about varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and varactor buoyancy cabin 06 become down to go up, all is provided with above-mentioned drain pipe 200, inlet tube 400, intake pipe 100 and blast pipe 300 mutually independent on each varactor buoyancy cabin. Adopt above-mentioned structure setting, the varactor buoyancy cabin of setting mainly intakes with air inlet mode drainage or exhaust mode and realizes controlling the change of breeding the box buoyancy that rises, finally in order to overcome the whole weight of breed caisson and realize suspension, come-up or sink in the ocean, breed the caisson and be in optimum water layer waters, reach and breed the benefit best. By adopting the structure, when in use, the counterweight 03 is arranged at the bottom of the culture box body, and under the action of the counterweight 03, stable downward pulling force and anchoring are provided for the culture box body, so that the culture caisson has a stabilizing effect on the state of the sea bottom 17, the lifting process in water and the floating state on the sea surface. The netting box body 02 ensures that water flow inside and outside the aquaculture box body circulates smoothly, the flow choking effect of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 forms a stagnant area in a local aquaculture space, a temporary sheltering space can be provided for aquaculture fishes during the action of strong ocean currents, and the aquaculture survival rate is improved. Through the self-made bait casting device, bait can be directly and automatically cast into the netting box body 02 of the breeding box body from the sea surface, so that the breeding box body does not need to float out of the sea surface for bait casting, and the bait casting operation is safe and simple. The netting case 02 is maintained in an expanded state by the frame 01, and can maintain a stable culture volume even under the action of strong ocean currents. Because the net mouth is arranged on the side edge of the bottom of the netting box body 02, the seedlings can be directly thrown and caught through the net mouth. The buoyancy of the whole breeding box body is regulated and controlled through the variable-volume buoyancy cabin (namely, the resultant force of the counterweight 03 and the self-weight of the breeding box body is overcome), the lifting effect of the breeding box body is controlled, the depth of the breeding box body in a breeding water area is controlled conveniently according to the height of the sea level 16 or the weather, and the breeding benefit is high. Therefore, the culture caisson is in a bottom sinking mode (namely the culture caisson sinks in the bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for culture production) in the culture process, can avoid attack and damage of typhoon and huge waves, and has the capability of resisting the severe sea condition outside the bay.

In the invention, the frame 01 is a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes, a separation pipe frame for separating the hollow frame into an upper space and a lower space is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the netting box body 02 is positioned in the upper space, the constant volume buoyancy chambers 04 are positioned in the range of the upper space, two variable volume buoyancy chambers are arranged, the two variable volume buoyancy chambers are positioned in the lower space, and the side wall of the hollow frame positioned in the range of the lower space is also provided with a reinforcing pipe frame 10. Specifically, two variable-volume buoyancy chambers are arranged, namely an upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and a lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06. Specifically, the hollow frame has a three-dimensional frame structure, the hollow frame is formed by welding a plurality of steel pipes with different specifications, and the netting box body 02 is fixed in the upper space and connected and maintains an expanded and tense state, so that the stable culture volume can be kept even under the action of strong ocean currents.

In the invention, a central tube 09 is fixedly arranged at the central part of a frame 01, the lower end of the central tube 09 extends to a lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central tube 09, a limiting locking block which is overlapped below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is locked at the end part of the lower end of the central tube 09, the counterweight 03 is a concrete pouring block with a locking metal block at the center, the locking metal block and the limiting locking block are hinged together in a conventional manner, the outer side of the concrete pouring block is also connected with the bottom of the frame 01 through a binding steel wire rope, and a steel vertical ladder 15 is arranged at the part of the central tube 09 which is positioned in the upper space.

In the culture caisson, the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 is a fully sealed annular box body containing air. This constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 has the following two effects: firstly, constant buoyancy is provided for the culture box body, and the culture caisson is assisted to stably lift; secondly, a stagnant flow area can be formed in the local culture space by utilizing the flow choking effect of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 on seawater, so that the sheltering effect is provided for cultured fishes. The constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 is annular and horizontally arranged in a horizontal mode and is sleeved outside the hollow frame.

In the invention, the frame 01 has a top surface pipe frame 07 and a bottom surface pipe frame 08 which are arranged in an up-down contraposition way, and a side wall pipe frame fixedly connected with the top surface pipe frame 07 and the bottom surface pipe frame 08, the lower end of the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of side rods which extend downwards to the lower part of the bottom surface pipe frame 08, the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of upright side pipes 11 (namely the number of the side rods is the same as that of the side pipes 11), the lower end parts of the side wall pipe frame are connected with the side rods in a one-to-one correspondence way, each side rod is circumferentially distributed along the bottom surface pipe frame 08, the bottom surface pipe frame 08 is the separating pipe frame, the distance between the bottom surface pipe frame 08 and the top surface pipe frame 07 is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, the outer side wall of the top surface pipe frame 07 is provided with an upper limiting rod 131 which extends outwards, the lower limit rod 132 is the lower limit structure, a reinforcing rod connected to a side rod is provided below the lower limit rod 132, the reinforced pipe frame 10 is provided along the outer side of the bottom surface of the bottom pipe frame 08, the reinforced pipe frames 10 are distributed around the circumferential direction of the bottom pipe frame 08, the reinforced pipe frames 10 are connected to the side rod, and the variable-volume buoyancy compartment is provided in a space surrounded by the reinforced pipe frames 10 and connected to a part of the reinforced pipe frames 10.

In the present invention, the upper limit rod 131 and the lower limit rod 132 are respectively erected with the track tube 12 (i.e. outside the upper space of the track tube 12), the inner side surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is respectively provided with first recesses corresponding to the track tube 12 for the track tube 12 to be embedded therein, and the first recesses and the track tube 12 constitute a rotation limit structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04. This first depression serves to limit the rotation of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 described above.

In the invention, the vertical rods of the upper limiting rod 131 and the lower limiting rod 132 in the upper space form a sliding area for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide up and down in a large range. Limiting plates 041 transversely and relatively vertically arranged are arranged on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 corresponding to the position right below the upper limiting rod 131, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rod 131 to be clamped in for internal limiting is formed between the two limiting plates 041. When the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides upwards, the upper limiting rod 131 is sleeved in the limiting space on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, so that the effect of limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide upwards is achieved, and when the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides downwards, the bottom surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 touches the lower limiting rod 132, so that the effect of limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide downwards is achieved. The bottom surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, the limiting space and the upper and lower limiting rods form an upper and lower limiting structure for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 to slide up and down in a certain range.

In the invention, the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame is provided with stop rods 141 which are vertically and horizontally arranged with the side wall pipe frame, the stop rods 141 are arranged at the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, the stop rods 141 are arranged in a row at intervals along the up-down direction of the side wall pipe frame, the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 corresponding to the stop rods 141 is provided with a rotary cross rod 142 which can rotate to the lower part of the stop rods 141, the first end of the rotary cross rod 142 is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, and the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is provided with a fixed limit rod 042 which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod 142 to rotate out of the top surface of the constant; the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 or the rotating cross rod 142 and the stop rod 141 are provided with a cross rod positioning structure for limiting the second end of the rotating cross rod 142 to be incapable of swinging transversely under the stop rod 141, and the rotating cross rod 142, the stop rod 141 and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety adjusting device 14. When the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 moves up and down in a large range between the upper limit rod 131 and the lower limit rod 132, the rotating cross rod 142 is horizontally screwed outwards to the outside of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 and is fixed; in the fishing operation state, the rotating cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 needs to horizontally rotate to the position below the stop rod 141 of the corresponding safety adjusting device 14 on the side pipe 11, so that the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is limited to slide upwards, and the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 can be limited at different heights relative to the side wall pipe frame through the interval distribution of the stop rods 141, so that the safety position adjustment of the breeding box body at different floating heights is realized during fishing. The safety adjusting devices 14 are at least two and are oppositely arranged according to the side pipe 11. By adopting the structure, when the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides on the outer side of the frame 01, the small-range limiting fixation can be performed through the safety adjusting device 14 according to the operation requirement. Simple structure, convenient operation, fixed effect is stable and safe effective.

Preferably, the cross bar positioning structure includes a pin 143 and a pin hole for inserting the pin therein, the pin 143 vertically and movably penetrates the blocking rod 141, the upper end of the pin 143 is limited outside the top surface of the blocking rod 141, and the second end of the rotating cross bar 142 is provided with the pin hole which vertically penetrates and into which the lower end of the pin 143 extends. During operation, run through from top to bottom through bolt 143 and supply the bolt hole that the lower extreme of bolt 143 stretched into rotatory horizontal pole 142, realize spacing fixed, so simple structure, the spacing firm and effective of easy operation avoids constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 to receive sea wind or wave to influence circumferential direction rotary motion, strengthens catching safety and conveniently catches.

In the invention, the cross rod positioning structure can also adopt another structure, and specifically comprises a positioning block (not shown in the figure) and a fixing block (not shown in the figure), wherein the fixing block is welded and fixed on the outer side wall of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, the first end part of the rotating cross rod 142 is movably hinged on the fixing block in a manner of moving up and down, specifically, the fixing block can be provided with a pin shaft hole penetrating up and down, the first end part of the rotating cross rod 142 is provided with a pin shaft extending downwards, the pin shaft penetrates through the pin shaft hole, the lower end part of the pin shaft is fixedly provided with a limiting piece limited outside the lock shaft hole, the length of the pin shaft is longer than that of the pin shaft hole, the rotating cross rod rotates around the fixing block by using the pin shaft, and the rotating; the positioning block is fixed on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04, is arranged opposite to the inside and the outside of the fixing block and is positioned on the same straight line, and a limiting groove (not shown in the figure) which is communicated along the inside and the outside of the positioning block and is used for placing the rotary cross rod 142 is formed in the lower surface of the positioning block. During operation, will rotate horizontal pole 142 and lift, put into spacing recess with the second end of rotating horizontal pole 142, restriction rotating horizontal pole 142 swing about this moment, rotating horizontal pole 142 is upwards spacing by pin 141, and then leads to unable circumferential direction of constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 outside breeding box and rebound, avoids constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 to receive sea wind or wave to influence circumferential direction rotary motion, strengthens catching safety and convenient fishing.

In the present invention, the bottom surface of each of the variable-volume buoyancy chambers is provided with two openings respectively and is located outside the opposite sides of the central tube 09, the two openings are located at the lowest position of the variable-volume buoyancy chambers, and the two openings are both communicated with a downwardly extending pipe, which forms the drain pipe 200 and the water inlet pipe 400 (specifically, one of the openings is communicated with the downwardly extending drain pipe 200, and the other opening is communicated with the downwardly extending water inlet pipe 400). The top of each variable-volume buoyancy chamber is respectively provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 are provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end of the upper section of the air outlet pipe 300 extends out of the sea surface, the upper end of the upper section of the air inlet pipe 100 is communicated with an external vacuum compressor 700, the lower end of the upper section of the air inlet pipe 100 and the lower end of the upper section of the air outlet pipe 300 are respectively connected with the upper end of the lower section of the air inlet pipe 100 and the upper end of the lower section of the air outlet pipe 300 in a one-to-one correspondence manner through quick connectors 500, the lower end of the lower section of the air inlet pipe 100 is connected with the air inlet, the air inlet pipe 100 is provided with at least two check valves 600, each ventilation port is connected with an upward extending exhaust branch pipe, the three exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the, the buoys 800 are provided with at least one, the vacuum compressor 700 is installed on the culture vessel 900, and the intake pipe 100 and the exhaust pipe 300 are both provided with stop valves. Specifically, the upper sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 are high-pressure hoses, the lower sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 and the fixed part of the cultivation box body are made of stainless steel pipes, and the lower sections of the air inlet pipe 100 and the air outlet pipe 300 are made of high-pressure hoses in the water.

Preferably, the variable-volume buoyancy compartment comprises an upper variable-volume buoyancy compartment 05 and a lower variable-volume buoyancy compartment 06 below the upper variable-volume buoyancy compartment 05, the upper variable-volume buoyancy compartment 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy compartment 06 are of an integral structure, and the upper variable-volume buoyancy compartment 05 is not communicated with the lower variable-volume buoyancy compartment 06; the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are respectively connected with the air inlet pipe 100 for the compressed air to be introduced by the vacuum compressor 700 and the water outlet pipe 200 for the compressed air to be discharged and the culture caisson to float when being introduced by the vacuum compressor 700, namely, the air inlet pipe 100 of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the air inlet pipe 100 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are separately and independently supplied with air, and the water outlet pipe 200 of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the water outlet pipe 200 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are separately and independently discharged; the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are respectively connected with the exhaust pipe 300 for exhausting compressed gas and the water inlet pipe 400 for allowing the culture caisson to sink by feeding water when the compressed gas is exhausted, that is, the exhaust pipe 300 of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the exhaust pipe 300 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are independently exhausted, and the water inlet pipes 400 of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are independently fed with water; the intake pipe 100, the drain pipe 200, the exhaust pipe 300, and the intake pipe 400 are arranged and connected in the same manner as the variable volume buoyancy chambers described above, and the intake pipe 100 and the exhaust pipe 300 are provided with a corresponding number of the above-described check valves 600, and the existing check valves 600 (i.e., straight-through check valves or right-angle check valves) are selected for use as the check valves 600 and are installed in a conventional manner. In the present invention, several existing through check valves or right angle check valves are specifically selected and installed according to the arrangement requirements of the intake pipe 100 and the exhaust pipe 300. The drain pipe 200 and the inlet pipe 400 are provided with a corresponding number of through cocks or grids, which are used in the prior art, to prevent foreign matters in water from blocking the pipe orifice. Adopt above-mentioned structure setting, breed caisson has two buoyancy cabin structures, and one of them is sliding constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 (this constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 adopts totally enclosed structure), can slide from top to bottom on the frame 01, and another relies on for varactor buoyancy cabin (last varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and varactor buoyancy cabin 06 down promptly) vacuum compressor 700 is inflated to it and is arranged the sea water and increase buoyancy, and varactor buoyancy cabin divide into two independent cabins (varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and varactor buoyancy cabin 06 down promptly), can advance respectively exhaust gas, advance the drainage, can realize breeding the different floating attitude of box in aqueous, realize breeding caisson liftable function. The culture caisson can be arranged in an open sea area, the culture survival rate is high, and the diseases are few.

Preferably, the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are both hollow circular structures, and the air inlet pipe 100, the water outlet pipe 200, the air outlet pipe 300 and the water inlet pipe 400 are all provided with the quick connectors 500 for connecting pipelines in the operation of connecting the culture ship 900. The quick connector 500 employs a common quick connector used on existing pipelines. Adopt above-mentioned structure setting, the during operation is connected with intake pipe 100 through a vacuum compressor 700, under the gas pressure effect intake pipe 100 is last check valve 600 is automatic open right go up varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and/or varactor buoyancy cabin 06 lets in gas down, go up varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and/or drainage pipe 200 automatic drainage on varactor buoyancy cabin 06 down realizes breeding caisson's come-up work, according to adjusting go up varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and/or varactor buoyancy cabin 06's displacement down reaches the buoyancy effect that changes breed box and receive, realizes breeding the box top and exposes the sea or breed the box come-up sea. On the contrary, the exhaust pipe 300 is controlled to exhaust the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and/or the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06, at the moment, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and/or the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06 is filled with water automatically through the water inlet pipe 400, and the sinking work of the breeding box body is realized. The quick coupling 500 is used for quick disassembly and quick connection of two sections of pipelines, so that the quick coupling is simple in structure, convenient to operate and high in efficiency. Wherein, as required go up varactor buoyancy cabin 05, lower varactor buoyancy cabin 06 or go up varactor buoyancy cabin 05 and varactor buoyancy cabin 06 intake simultaneously and the drainage down, realize as required regulating and control breed caisson in the sea aquatic floating position. On the contrary, the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05, the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06 or the upper variable-volume buoyancy cabin 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06 can simultaneously exhaust and intake water as required, so that the sinking position of the culture caisson in seawater can be regulated and controlled as required.

The culture caisson has the following beneficial effects:

1. the culture caisson is in a bottom-sitting mode (the culture caisson is sunk in a bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for culture production) in the culture process, can avoid attack and damage of typhoon and huge waves, and has the capability of resisting severe sea conditions outside the bay.

2. The culture caisson is provided with two buoyancy chamber structures, one of the two buoyancy chamber structures is a sliding constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 (namely, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is a full-sealed structure) and can slide up and down on the frame 01, the other buoyancy chamber structure is a variable-volume buoyancy chamber (namely, an upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and a lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06) which can increase buoyancy by inflating and discharging seawater through a vacuum compressor 700, and the variable-volume buoyancy chamber is divided into two independent chambers which can respectively intake and exhaust air and intake and discharge water, so that different floating states of the culture caisson body in water can be realized, and the culture caisson body has a lifting function so as to be convenient for fishing, therefore, the culture caisson can be sunk in the seabed 17 and suspended in the sea or floated on the sea surface, as long as the terrain of the seabed 17 is flat, the culture caisson can be thrown in the sea area with the depth of about 35m and the like, the applicable sea area is wide, and the.

3. The lifting of the culture caisson can be realized only by one vacuum compressor 700 on the culture ship 900, the culture caisson does not need to be lifted by a ship lifting machine, and the culture caisson is convenient to operate, time-saving, labor-saving and convenient to manage and catch.

4. A stagnant flow area can be formed in a local culture space by utilizing the flow choking effect of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 of the culture caisson, and the sheltering effect is provided for cultured fishes.

5. The breeding box body adopts a steel skeleton rigid frame 01 structure, and the high-strength netting box body 02 is maintained in an expanded and tense state by the steel skeleton rigid frame 01 structure, so that a stable breeding volume can be kept even under the action of strong ocean currents.

6. The constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 on the culture box body provides upward buoyancy for the whole body, the weight member 03 on the culture box body provides downward gravity for the whole body, and the two are stressed to play a stabilizing role in the culture caisson during the process of sinking the seabed 17, ascending and descending and fishing.

For better explanation, the sinking operation and the fishing operation of the culture caisson of the invention take two variable-volume buoyancy chambers (i.e. an upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and a lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 below) as an example.

The working process of the sinking operation of the culture caisson is as follows:

when the sinking operation starts, the independent exhaust pipes 300 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are exhausted or connected with the independent exhaust pipes 300 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 and exhausted by the vacuum compressor 700, and simultaneously the independent water inlet pipes 400 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are filled with water, along with the exhaust of the exhaust pipes 300, the water inlet pipes 400 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are gradually filled with water, so that the gravity of the whole culture caisson is greater than the buoyancy, the whole culture caisson sinks until the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 and the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 are filled with seawater, at the moment, the whole culture caisson is immersed in the seawater to a bottom suspension state, at the moment, because the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is filled with gas, the buoyancy chamber 04 is greater than the self gravity, so that the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides on the frame 01 to abut against the upper limiting rod 131 of the upper limiting structure (namely, the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 floats and abuts against the lower limiting rod 131 of the frame 01), and the culture caisson is sunk. At this time, the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 on the culture box body provides upward buoyancy for the whole body, the weight member 03 on the culture box body provides downward gravity for the whole body, the gravity is larger than the buoyancy, the two are stressed to make the culture box body in a suspended state in water at this time, and the whole culture caisson sinks on the seabed 17 (namely, the culture caisson sits on the bottom) as shown in fig. 6. At this time, the whole culture caisson has a certain pressure on the seabed 17.

The fishing operation of the culture caisson of the invention comprises the following working processes:

when the fishing operation is prepared, the culture box body is suspended in water or the culture caisson is sunk on the seabed 17, the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 100 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is connected with the pipeline on the air outlet end of the vacuum compressor 700 on the ship through the quick connector 500, and the vacuum compressor 700 is started to press compressed air into the air inlet pipe 100 on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05. Since the check valve 600 is provided on the exhaust pipe 300, the check valve 600 is in a closed state under the pressure during the air compression process, and the exhaust of the exhaust pipe 300 is prevented. With further air compression of the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05, the air in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is increased, the pressure in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is increased, seawater in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is gradually drained outwards through the upper drainage pipe 200 (even though the seawater is gradually drained outwards) until the seawater is in an empty chamber state (namely when the seawater in the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is emptied), the air inlet pipe 100 is always in a working state, at the moment, the aquaculture tank body rises to be in a top exposed floating state as shown in fig. 7, at the moment, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 is still positioned at the upper limiting rod 131, the whole aquaculture tank body is in a top exposed floating state, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 still floats on the top of the aquaculture tank body, and the highest point of the aquaculture caisson is exposed to about 1m (namely 0.5m, 0.8m, 1.2m and 1.5 m).

When the fishing operation is continued, the air inlet end of the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is connected with the pipeline on the air outlet end of the vacuum compressor 700 on the ship through the quick connector 500, the vacuum compressor 700 is started to press compressed air into the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06, at the moment, the vacuum compressor 700 continuously pumps air into the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 (or the check valve 600 mounted on the air inlet pipe on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber 05 is closed, air can not be continuously compressed), because the check valve 600 is arranged on the exhaust pipe 300, in the air compression process, the check valve 600 is in a closed state under the action of pressure, and the exhaust of the exhaust pipe 300 is prevented. Along with further compressing air to the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06, the air in the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually increased, the pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually increased, seawater in the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is gradually drained outwards through the upper drain pipe 200 (even though the seawater is gradually drained outwards), the air inlet pipe 100 is always in a working state, at the moment, the culture caisson continues to be in an upward floating state, the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 and the culture box body move relatively, and the constant-volume buoyancy chamber 04 does not slip downwards away from the sea level 16 under the action of self gravity and seawater buoyancy.

When the fishing operation starts (namely, the culture caisson floats up until the fishing operation requirement is met), the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is continuously compressed with air and the compressed air pressure of the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is kept at the moment (or the vacuum compressor 700 is stopped to compress the air into the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06, namely, the air can not be continuously compressed with air because the check valve 600 mounted on the air inlet pipe 100 on the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber 06 is closed by itself). In order to ensure the operation safety of personnel and the safety of cultured products, the adjusting device 14 is installed and started (namely, the rotary cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 is rotated to be positioned under the stop rod 141, and the rotary cross rod 142 is matched with the stop rod 141), so that the constant volume buoyancy cabin 04 is matched and fixed with the frame 01, the culture caisson is controlled to float or sink accidentally, the fishing operation is carried out under the safety guarantee, the distance between the sea level 16 and the top surface of the bottom surface pipe frame 08 is about 1.6m, and the operation needs on-site water level observation and manual micro-control of the vacuum compressor 700. The fishing operation is started as shown in fig. 8. According to the requirement of the density of the aquaculture water, the air inlet pipe 100 of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06 is provided with the self-closing check valve 600, so that the air pumping of the lower variable-volume buoyancy cabin 06 can be stopped, and the maximum water level of the fishing operation under the safety guarantee is set to be about 1.6m (namely, the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is about 1.6m), and the maximum water level meets the requirements of the fishing operation.

In the fishing operation process, when the conditions of calm sea and safe operation can be ensured, the lower variable volume buoyancy module 06 is continuously compressed with air and the compressed air pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy module 06 is kept (or the vacuum compressor 700 is stopped to compress air the lower variable volume buoyancy module 06, namely, the check valve 600 mounted on the air pipe 100 on the lower variable volume buoyancy module 06 is self-closed, so that the compressed air can not be continuously compressed), the safety adjusting device 14 is started to operate, the constant volume buoyancy module 04 is matched and fixed with the frame 01, the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is about 0.8-1.3m (the operation requires field water level observation and manual micro-control of the vacuum compressor 700), the safety adjusting device 14 needs to be started or locked repeatedly, and the fishing operation can be directly carried out, as shown in fig. 9.

With the further progress of the fishing operation, the caught objects in the culture caisson are reduced (namely, the cultured objects in the netting box body 02), the floating height of the culture caisson does not meet the requirement of the fishing operation, and the fishing operation is stopped. At this time, the operation of removing the safety adjusting device 14 is carried out (i.e. the rotating cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is rotated out and is separated from the position under the stop rod 141), the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is removed from being matched and fixed with the frame 01, the vacuum compressor 700 increases the pressure of compressed air on the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06, the lower variable buoyancy chamber 06 continues to discharge water outwards through the water discharge pipe 200, the culture caisson continues to float upwards, the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides downwards until the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again (i.e. the distance between the sea level 16 and the bottom pipe frame 08 is 0.75-0.8m at this time, the operation needs on-site water level observation and the vacuum compressor 700 man to be micro-operated), the lower variable buoyancy chamber 06 continues to be operated and the pressure of the lower variable buoyancy chamber 06 at this time is kept, and the safety adjusting device 14 is restarted (i.e. the rotating cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the, the rotating cross rod 142 is matched with the stop rod 141), and then the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is matched and fixed with the frame 01, and the fishing operation is started again.

Repeating the above fishing process for many times, the density of the aquaculture product water body continuously decreases, the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 can be inflated step by step, the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 is enabled to drain step by step until the seawater in the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 is emptied, the vacuum compressor 700 continues to inflate the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 (or the vacuum compressor 700 continues to inflate the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 because the check valve 600 mounted on the air pipe 100 on the lower variable volume buoyancy chamber 06 is self-closed, so that the air can not be inflated any more), at this time, when the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 slides downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame 01 under the action of its own gravity, the safety adjusting device 14 is started to operate (i.e. the rotating cross rod 142 of the safety adjusting device 14 on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber 04 is rotated and positioned under the stop rod 141, the rotating cross rod 142 is matched with the stop rod 141), the top surface of the aquaculture caisson is exposed to the highest, and the lowest water level of the fishing, also this operation requires on-site water level observation and artificial micro-manipulation of the vacuum compressor 700), the fishing work is continued, and finally the fishing work is completed, as shown in fig. 10.

The whole sinking process state of the culture caisson is opposite to the floating process state, and the seawater in the variable-capacity buoyancy cabin is correspondingly reversely injected and discharged.

It should be noted that: although the culture caisson is in a submarine sitting state, the bait can be directly and automatically thrown into the netting box body 02 of the culture box body from the sea surface through the self-made bait throwing device, so that the culture caisson does not need to float out of the sea surface for bait throwing, and the bait throwing operation is safe and simple. The netting box body 02 of the culture caisson is detachable, and can be quickly detached under the conditions of netting damage and the like.

The culture caisson disclosed by the invention is normally sunk and placed near the seabed 17 for culture production, floats to the sea surface only when required by management and safety inspection, and is sunk back to the near seabed 17 for culture production after relevant operations are finished. The artificial fish culture device has the advantages of strong typhoon resistance (namely, the artificial fish culture device sinks on the sea bottom 17, sea waves are obviously attenuated, and the direct damage and influence of wind waves are small), small influence caused by sea currents (namely, a rigid structure prevents the culture space from being reduced; the arranged stagnant flow area ensures the normal and safe culture of large yellow croakers, groupers and the like when the flow rate exceeds 1 m/s), simple management and operation (namely, an air compressor can control the culture caisson to ascend and descend, a temporary fish catching device is arranged to facilitate the product culture and catching, and the automatic bait casting device is designed to automatically cast bait to the culture caisson sinking on the sea bottom 17), so that the investment can be accepted by individual farmers or small micro culture enterprises.

The features of the present invention are detailed in detail as follows:

1. strong typhoon and billow resistance. The culture caisson is sunk in the bottom sea area near the seabed 17 for culture production, and the natural law that the wave strength is rapidly attenuated along with the increase of water depth is utilized to avoid attack and damage of typhoon and huge waves, so that the safety production requirement under the survival working condition of the target typhoon is realized. In addition, the natural environment of the bottom sea area is more stable, the influence of fouling organisms is obviously reduced, and the comprehensive culture effect is improved.

2. The ocean current deformation resistance is good. The high-strength netting box body 02 is maintained in an expanded and tense state by the steel skeleton structural frame 01, and can keep a stable culture volume even under the action of strong ocean currents; the choke effect of the sliding type constant-volume buoyancy cabin 04 is utilized to form a stagnant flow area in a local culture space, so that a temporary 'rest' space can be provided for leading famous cultured fishes such as large yellow croakers and groupers during the action of strong ocean currents, the culture survival rate is improved, and the problem of 'neck' of wind wave resistant culture caisson culture outside a bay caused by the current ocean currents is solved.

3. The management operation is relatively simple and convenient. Under the drive of high-pressure gas of an air compressor, the culture caisson and the operation mode thereof can realize the lifting of different floating states of the culture caisson system, such as sinking to the sea bottom 17, floating on the top surface of the culture caisson to the sea surface, floating on the bottom surface of the culture caisson to the sea surface (namely, hovering in the floating process according to needs), and the like, and provide conditions for relatively simply and conveniently carrying out the management operations of checking, harvesting, removing fouling organisms (or changing nets) and the like in the culture production process; an automatic bait casting system which can automatically feed the culture caissons every day in 4 days (which can be expanded to 7-10 days) is matched, so that the bait casting problem under the high sea condition environment of the bay open sea area during the winter and spring is solved.

4. Is suitable for mass sexual culture. The single-port culture caisson culture water body of the culture caisson is about 1000m³The investment of facility systems does not exceed million yuan, and the method is suitable for small micro-farming enterprises and even farmers; the overseas area outside the gulf of China is located on continental shelves in the west of the Taiping ocean, the sea bottom 17 has a gentle slope (about 0.7 degree on average), the water depth is shallow, the depth line of 35m and the like is far off the shore, and the land-based management mode is poor in economy. The culture caisson is suitable for arrangement with the water depth of about 35m and meets the culture production requirements of the gulf foreign sea area and the masses in China.

The above embodiments and drawings are not intended to limit the form and style of the present invention, and any suitable changes or modifications thereof by those skilled in the art should be considered as not departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A culture caisson comprises a culture box body and a weight piece, wherein the weight piece is positioned below the culture box body and hinged with the culture box body; the method is characterized in that: the buoyancy module comprises a frame, a constant volume buoyancy chamber and a variable volume buoyancy chamber, wherein the constant volume buoyancy chamber is sleeved outside the frame in a vertical sliding mode, the upper portion of the frame is provided with an upper limit structure for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber to slide out of the frame, the lower portion of the frame is provided with a lower limit structure for limiting the constant volume buoyancy chamber to slide out of the frame, the constant volume buoyancy chamber is provided with a safety regulating device for fixing the breeding box body in a matched manner with the frame when the breeding box body floats on the water surface, the variable volume buoyancy chamber is arranged on the frame and is positioned between a net box body and a counterweight, the bottom of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with a drain pipe and a variable volume water inlet pipe which are communicated with a cavity of the buoyancy chamber, the top of the variable volume buoyancy chamber is provided with an air inlet pipe and an air outlet pipe which are communicated with the cavity of the variable volume buoyancy chamber, the drain pipe, the variable-volume buoyancy chambers are at least two and are arranged up and down, and the drain pipes, the water inlet pipes, the air inlet pipes and the exhaust pipes are correspondingly and respectively and independently arranged in the variable-volume buoyancy chambers.

2. A culture caisson according to claim 1, wherein: the frame comprises a hollow frame formed by welding a plurality of steel pipe bodies, a separation pipe frame for separating an upper space and a lower space from the hollow frame is arranged in a cavity of the hollow frame, the netting box body is arranged in the upper space, the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged in the upper space, the variable volume buoyancy cabin is provided with two or two of the variable volume buoyancy cabin, the variable volume buoyancy cabin is arranged in the lower space, and the hollow frame is arranged on the side wall of the lower space and is also provided with a reinforcing pipe frame.

3. A culture caisson according to claim 2, wherein: the central part of the upper space of the frame is fixedly provided with a central tube, the lower end of the central tube extends to the lower space, each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is sleeved outside the central tube, the end part of the lower end of the central tube is locked with a limiting locking block which is stacked below the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the counterweight is a concrete pouring block with a locking metal block in the center, the locking metal block and the limiting locking block are hinged together, the outer side of the concrete pouring block is also connected with the bottom of the frame through a binding steel wire rope, and a steel vertical ladder stand is arranged at the part of the central tube in the upper space.

4. A culture caisson according to claim 2, wherein: the frame is provided with a top surface pipe frame and a bottom surface pipe frame which are arranged in an up-down contraposition way, and a side wall pipe frame fixedly connected with the top surface pipe frame and the bottom surface pipe frame, the lower end of the side wall pipe frame is provided with a plurality of side rods extending downwards to the lower part of the bottom surface pipe frame, each side rod is distributed along the circumferential direction of the bottom surface pipe frame in a surrounding way, the bottom surface pipe frame is the partition pipe frame, the distance between the bottom surface pipe frame and the top surface pipe frame is the upper space, the space surrounded by each side rod is the lower space, the outer side wall of the top surface pipe frame is provided with an upper limiting rod extending outwards in a straight way, the upper limiting rod is the upper limiting structure, the outer side wall of the bottom surface pipe frame is provided with a lower limiting rod extending outwards in a straight way, the lower limiting rod is provided with the lower limiting structure, a reinforcing rod connected with the side, the reinforcing pipe frame is distributed in a surrounding mode along the circumferential direction of the pipe frame on the bottom surface, the reinforcing pipe frame is connected with the side rods, and the variable-volume buoyancy cabin is located in a space surrounded by the reinforcing pipe frames and is connected with part of the reinforcing pipe frames.

5. A culture caisson according to claim 4, wherein: the constant volume buoyancy cabin is a fully-sealed annular box body containing air, the upper limiting rod and the lower limiting rod are respectively provided with a track pipe vertically at the position between the upper space and the lower space, the inner side surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with a first recess for the track pipe to be embedded in, and the first recess and the track pipe form a rotation limiting structure for limiting the circumferential rotation of the constant volume buoyancy cabin.

6. A culture caisson according to claim 5, wherein: the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is provided with limiting plates which are transversely and oppositely vertically arranged under the upper limiting rod, and a limiting space for the upper limiting rod to be clamped in the inner limiting is formed between the two limiting plates.

7. A culture caisson according to claim 6, wherein: a stop lever which is arranged transversely and vertically to the side wall pipe frame is arranged on the outer side wall of the side wall pipe frame and is positioned on the inner side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin, a rotary cross rod which rotates to the lower part of the stop lever is arranged on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin corresponding to the stop lever, the first end of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged with the constant volume buoyancy cabin, and a fixed limiting rod which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to rotate out of the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy cabin is arranged on the outer side of the constant volume buoyancy cabin; the constant volume buoyancy cabin or the rotary cross rod and the stop rod are provided with a cross rod positioning structure which limits the second end of the rotary cross rod to be incapable of transversely swinging under the stop rod, and the rotary cross rod, the stop rod and the cross rod positioning structure form the safety adjusting device.

8. A culture caisson according to claim 7, wherein: the cross rod positioning structure comprises a bolt and a bolt hole for inserting the bolt into, the bolt vertically and movably penetrates through the stop lever, the upper end part of the bolt is limited outside the top surface of the stop lever, and the second end part of the rotary cross rod is provided with the bolt hole which vertically penetrates through and allows the lower end of the bolt to extend into the rotary cross rod;

or, the cross rod positioning structure comprises a positioning block and a fixing block, the fixing block is fixedly welded on the outer side wall of the constant volume buoyancy chamber, the first end part of the rotary cross rod is movably hinged to the fixing block in a vertically movable mode, the positioning block is fixed on the top surface of the constant volume buoyancy chamber and is arranged opposite to the inside and the outside of the fixing block and is positioned on the same straight line, and a limiting groove which is communicated with the inside and the outside of the positioning block and is used for the rotary cross rod to be placed in is formed in the concave position of the top surface of.

9. A culture caisson according to claim 3, wherein: the bottom surface of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is respectively provided with two through holes and is positioned outside two opposite sides of a central pipe, one of the two through holes is communicated with and provided with the drain pipe extending downwards, the other through hole is communicated with and provided with the water inlet pipe extending downwards, the top of each variable-volume buoyancy cabin is provided with an air inlet and three ventilation ports, the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are provided with an upper section and a lower section, the upper end part of the upper section of the exhaust pipe extends out of the sea surface, the upper end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an external vacuum compressor, the lower end part of the upper section of the air inlet pipe and the lower end part of the upper section of the exhaust pipe are respectively connected with the upper end part of the lower section of the air inlet pipe and the upper end part of the lower section of the exhaust pipe in a one-to-one correspondence manner, the three exhaust branch pipes are communicated with the lower end part of the lower section of the exhaust pipe through a four-way connector, the upper part of the lower section of each exhaust pipe and the upper part of the lower section of each air inlet pipe are fixed on a buoy together, the buoy is provided with at least one, and the air inlet pipe and the exhaust pipe are both provided with stop valves.

10. An operation method for cultivating a caisson is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps of sinking operation and catching operation:

the sinking operation is completed by the following operations:

transporting the culture caisson of claim 1 to a mariculture area through an operation ship, then exhausting through an exhaust pipe, wherein the seawater can automatically flow into the variable-volume buoyancy cabin through a water inlet pipe by the exhaust of the exhaust pipe at the moment, the whole culture caisson sinks along with the water injection of the variable-volume buoyancy cabin, the gravity of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin is smaller than the buoyancy of the constant-volume buoyancy cabin, the constant-volume buoyancy cabin slides upwards to the upper limit structure, the counter weight members fall onto the seabed to be fixedly placed after the variable-volume buoyancy cabins are filled with water, the culture caisson body is in a suspension state in the water, and the culture caisson is wholly sunk on the seabed to be in a bottom-sitting state, so that the culture caisson is sunk.

The fishing operation is completed by the following operations:

the method comprises the following steps: taking the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber in the culture caisson of claim 1 which is sunk on a seabed as an upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber, taking the lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber as a lower variable-volume buoyancy chamber, firstly pressing compressed gas into an air inlet pipe on the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber, outwards discharging water from the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber through a water discharge pipe until the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber is in an empty chamber state, keeping the air inlet pipe in a working state all the time, then enabling the culture caisson to ascend to be in a top-exposed floating state, enabling the upper variable-volume buoyancy chamber to be in an upper limit structure, and enabling the culture caisson to be exposed out of the sea level by 0.5-1.;

Step three: after the fishing operation is carried out for a period of time, the cultured objects in the netting case are reduced, the floating height of the culture caisson does not meet the fishing operation requirement, and the fishing operation is stopped; at the moment, the safety adjusting device is closed, the constant volume buoyancy cabin is released from being matched and fixed with the frame, then the air compression pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is increased, the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is continuously drained outwards through a drain pipe, the culture caisson is continuously floated upwards, the constant volume buoyancy cabin slides downwards until the requirement of the fishing operation state is met again, the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin is continuously compressed and the air compression pressure of the lower variable volume buoyancy cabin at the moment is kept, the safety adjusting device is opened, the constant volume buoyancy cabin and the frame are matched and fixed again, and the fishing operation is started again; and repeating the fishing operation process for many times until the culture caisson floats upwards to reach the lowest fishing operation, and enabling the constant-volume buoyancy cabin to slide downwards to the lower limit structure of the frame under the action of self gravity to finally finish the fishing operation.