CN101326898B - Self-reducing flow low-shape change off land deep water net cage - Google Patents

Abstract

The self-decreasing low-deformation offshore deep-water net cage relates to marine aquaculture net cages, and it is necessary to solve the problems of reducing the deformation of the net cage and the seawater flow rate in the box. The invention includes a buoyancy frame, a box body, a sinker ring, a sinker, and an anchoring cable, and is characterized in that a support and a lifting control ring larger than the diameter of the buoyancy frame and the sinker ring are set at 1/2 of the depth of the cylindrical box body, and the support There are water inlet and outlet holes on the tube wall of the lifting control ring. The ring tube is equipped with a ring-shaped rubber liner for adjusting the lifting of the cage. The rubber liner is equipped with an air valve and connected to the air source through a pressure-resistant hose; Between the outer ring of the buoyancy frame, the support and lifting control ring, the bottom line of the cylindrical box and the sinking ring at the bottom, a plurality of flexible ropes are positioned and connected according to the same proportion of the rings, and are installed between the connecting ropes of the above three rings. The netting constitutes a self-decreasing low-deformation offshore deep-water net cage with a cylindrical inner side and a double-conical frustum outer side with flexible connections.

Description

Self-decreasing low-deformation offshore deep-water cages

technical field

The invention relates to a marine culture net cage, especially an offshore deep water anti-wind and wave net cage. the

Background technique

According to the application number 200410075404.3 published on June 14, 2006 by the State Intellectual Property Office of the People's Republic of China, the application number 200410075404.3, the description of the invention title "Asymmetric double-cone sinking and floating anti-wind and wave current net cage", the net cage "1. Effectively overcome the impact of sea currents against wind and waves on the net cage. 2. The double sinking and floating function can greatly simplify management difficulty and labor intensity.", but the manual does not disclose the actual information about whether the net cage is successfully applied. the

At present, the representative deep-water cages that have been used in aquaculture production are as follows:

The forms of offshore deep-water anti-wind and wave net cages can be divided into floating type, submersible type and lifting type according to their underwater state, and can be divided into gravity type, mooring tension type, self-tension or self-supporting type according to the construction method of the cage body. box. the

Gravity/floating or lift-type cages, this kind of cage uses high-density polyethylene floating tubes as the buoyancy frame, and sinkers are suspended from the bottom of the box (mesh bag) to form the box space (volume). The frame shape includes circular, Hexagonal, square, and sub-mother type, etc. Among them, the circular cage is the most widely used at home and abroad. Its advantage is that the cage equipment has good anti-wind and wave performance, and the lifting cage after adding the sinking control device can also be effective. It can resist disasters such as typhoons and red tides, and the cost of high-density polyethylene frame cages is relatively low, and the breeding operation is convenient. Its disadvantage is that the anti-flow deformation ability of the net cage body (net bag) is relatively poor, and the box body drifts seriously in the sea area with high flow velocity, and the volume loss rate is very high, and it will squeeze and damage the cultured fish in the net cage. the

Mooring tension type/floating net cage, the shape of the net cage is square, and each of the four corners of the net cage has a large buoyancy column perpendicular to the sea surface. Mooring force and large buoyancy columns maintain the cage space (volume). This kind of buoyancy column type net cage can be large-scaled, and the breeding operation is more convenient. Its disadvantages are that the installation requirements of the net cage are high, and a large workboat is needed for assistance, and the ability of the net cage to resist disastrous weather and environment is relatively poor. There is no application of this kind of cages in my country for applications in sea areas with less impact. the

Mooring tension type/lifting cage (tension leg cage), the cage is composed of frame, netting and floating ball (tube), to fix the mooring force of large sinking parts on the seabed and the frame, floating ball (tube) The buoyancy constitutes/maintains the tank volume. The net cage can sink below the water level by itself under the action of the water flow when the wind is strong and the flow velocity is high, and the volume change of the net cage is relatively small. Its disadvantage is that the installation of large sinking parts in the cage requires the assistance of a large working ship, and it is difficult to operate and maintain the aquaculture in sea areas with high flow rates. It has been applied abroad, but there is no such cage application in my country at present. the

Self-tensioning or self-supporting/lifting cages (butterfly cages), which are polygonal frames assembled from large-diameter metal tubes and small-diameter metal tubes perpendicular to the water surface, adopt high-strength, low-elongation Metal or non-metallic ropes connect the two ends of the large-diameter metal pipe with the polygonal frame to form a flying saucer and assemble the mesh, which itself forms the space (volume) in the cage. This kind of cage can be adjusted up and down through the large-diameter support pipe in the middle, and can effectively resist typhoons, red tides and other disastrous marine environments, and its cage volume is basically not affected by water flow. The disadvantage is that the installation of the cage must be assisted by large working boats and professional divers, and it is difficult to install in sea areas with high velocity. The breeding operation and maintenance require special supporting equipment, and the cost of the cage is very high. At present, it has been applied abroad. my country has introduced this kind of net cage, but there is no successful breeding production application. the

Contents of the invention

The present invention needs to solve the problem of effectively reducing the deformation of the gravity/lifting offshore deep-water net cage due to the flow velocity and the seawater flow velocity in the box in the sea area environment with a relatively high seawater flow velocity, improving the cage volume retention rate and improving The problem of the growth environment of farmed fish. the

The technical solution of the present invention includes the use of a double-annular buoyancy frame composed of inner and outer rings, a cylindrical box composed of nets and nets, sinking rings and sinkers hanging on the bottom of the net cage box, and mooring cables. The feature is that a supporting and lifting control ring parallel to and larger than the diameter of the buoyancy frame and the diameter of the sinking ring is added at 1/2 of the depth of the cylindrical box. The supporting and lifting control ring is a circular ring pipe. There are a number of water inlet and outlet holes on the wall of the ring pipe. The ring pipe is equipped with a ring-shaped inflatable and deflated rubber liner for adjusting the buoyancy required for the lifting of the cage. The rubber liner is equipped with an air valve and passes through a pressure-resistant hose. It is connected with the air source; between the outer ring of the double-ring buoyancy frame, the support and lifting control ring, the bottom line of the cylindrical box and the sinking ring at the bottom, a plurality of flexible ropes are positioned and connected in the same proportion as the rings, and the above three Nets are installed between the connecting ropes of the rings to form a flexible connection anti-flow deformation and flow-reducing deep-water net cage with a cylindrical inner side and a double-cone truncated outer side. lock up. the

Beneficial effects of the present invention: 1. The support and lifting control ring at the middle part of the outer edge of the cone where the anchoring force point of the cage is connected to the upper buoyancy ring, the bottom sinking ring, and the middle support and lifting control ring and the inner side through oblique ropes Compared with the existing high-density polyethylene frame gravity/elevating deep-water net cage, the netting of the cylindrical box can effectively reduce the deformation and volume loss of the inner box in the high-velocity sea environment. 2. In the high-velocity sea environment, through the rectification of the double-layer netting of the outer double-cone box and the inner cylindrical box, the energy of the water flow entering the cylindrical box is reduced, which can effectively reduce the seawater flow rate in the inner cylindrical box. , reduce the intensity of the fish swimming in the top current for a long time in the cage, and provide a good living and growing environment for the fish. At the same time, the outer net can prevent the inner box from predators and floating objects Impact damage provides the first protective barrier. 3. The buoyancy adjustment of the independent middle ring pipe is used to control the lifting and floating and sinking state of the net cage. The horizontal state of the cage slows down the lifting speed of the cage and maintains the balance of the lifting of the cage to reduce the damage to the cultured fish caused by the lifting of the cage. 4. The supporting and lifting control circle adopts the outer ring pipe wall with several water inlet and outlet holes, and the ring pipe is equipped with a design of inflatable and deflated rubber liner, which overcomes the problem of directly inflating and draining the polyolefin ring pipe to adjust the buoyancy. , in order to ensure the cavity division required for the emptying of the water body in the pipe, as well as the intake and exhaust and water valves of a specific structure, it is only necessary to adjust the ordinary intake and exhaust valves connected to the water surface through a pressure-resistant hose, and the cage can be implemented conveniently. lift operation. 5. The present invention can adopt the high-density polyethylene frame net cage widely used in China as the basis for technical upgrading, which is convenient for popularization and application. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of cage structure; Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of netting assembly outside the cage.

Detailed ways

See Figure 1 and Figure 2. the

Embodiment 1: The invention includes a cylindrical box composed of a double-annular buoyancy frame outer ring 1 and inner ring 2 made of polyolefin pipes, a netting 3 and a vertical force line 4, sinkers 5 at the bottom of the box and mooring Cable 6, add a sinking ring 9 whose diameter is the same as the specification of the inner ring of the water surface buoyancy frame with flexible rope 8 at the bottom of the cage body 7, and add a parallel to parallel at the 1/2 place of the depth of the cylindrical casing. The supporting and lifting control ring 10 greater than the diameter of the floating and sinking rings, between the outer ring 1 of the double-annular buoyancy frame of the upper part, the supporting and lifting control ring 10 in the middle, the net cage body bottom outline 7 and the sinking ring 9 at the bottom, with multiple The flexible ropes 11 are positioned and connected according to the equal proportion of the rings, and the nets 12 are installed between the connecting ropes 11 of the above three rings to form a flexible connection with a cylindrical inner side and a double-conical truncated outer side to resist flow deformation and reduce flow. For offshore deep-water net cages, the anchoring point of the net cage is set at the middle support and lift control circle 10 on the outer edge of the cone; the middle support and lift control circle 10 is an annular pipe welded by polyolefin pipes, and the wall of the ring pipe is opened. There are a number of water inlet and outlet holes. The ring pipe is equipped with a ring-shaped inflatable and deflated rubber liner for adjusting the buoyancy required for the lifting of the cage. The rubber liner is equipped with an air valve and is connected to the air source on the water surface through a pressure-resistant hose. Connect; Net cage outer net clothing adopts trapezoidal symmetrical cutting, and correspondingly connects the rope 11 assembly nets 21 of three circular rings, and the used net net system has several rope rings 22, is convenient to the quick installation of outer net clothing; Net cage bottom sinks The ring is a circular ring welded by polyolefin pipes. There are a number of filling holes on the upper wall of the ring pipe. The ring pipe is filled with gravel with a large specific gravity. Under the circle, add sinkers in equal proportions according to the counterweight requirements. the

Add a horizontal line 13 to the 1/2 place of the cylindrical box body in the net cage, and connect the middle part support and the lifting control ring 10 with the annular net clothing 14, constitute to maintain the shape of the box body, adjust the horizontal state of the net cage and slow down the movement of the net cage. Horizontal wing for lifting speed. the

Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, the sinking ring 9 at the bottom of the box is removed, and the outer ring 1 of the double-annular buoyancy frame at the upper part, the support and lifting control ring 10 in the middle, and the bottom line 7 of the net cage are connected with a plurality of flexible ropes 11 divide and locate the connection according to the equal proportion of the ring, and directly connect with the sinker 5 at the bottom of the box by the rope 8. The difference in the resulting working principle and beneficial effects is that: the counterweight of the bottom sinker 5 increases accordingly, and the bottom of the box body presents a polygon corresponding to the connecting rope 11; it is verified by model tests that when 16 ropes are used, the bottom of the box body It presents a hexagonal shape, and the overall shape of the box under high flow rate conditions is basically the same as that of Example 1, and has a good volume retention rate. Compared with implementation 1, the beneficial effect is that the operation of the net cage is more convenient in the actual installation at sea, net replacement and other applications; the material cost required for the bottom ring can be saved. the

Embodiment 3: Based on Embodiment 1, the mooring stress point of the cage mooring cable 6 is fixed to the outer ring 1 of the buoyancy frame on the water surface. The difference in the working principle and beneficial effect is that due to the change of the anchoring force point, when the flow rate of the cage is high, compared with the existing circular high-density polyethylene frame gravity/elevating deep-water cage, although there is Good box volume maintenance effect, but the upper buoyancy ring, middle support and lifting control ring, and bottom sinking ring on the upstream side of the net cage all sink significantly, and the overall tilt of the net cage occurs; the beneficial effect compared with Example 1 Because the mooring cables of the cages are fixed to the buoyancy frame on the water surface, it is relatively convenient for the cages to be actually installed at sea. the

Principle and beneficial effect of the specific embodiment of the present invention are:

1. The offshore deep-water net cage of the present invention is based on the existing circular high-density polyethylene frame gravity type/lifting deep-water net cage, which is composed of a central support and lifting control ring, a bottom sinking ring, flexible ropes and net clothing connections The double-cone-shaped outer net and the ring-shaped net that connects the middle lifting control circle and the inner cylindrical box change the anchoring force point of the cage and the force-bearing method of the cage; the additional connection between the middle lifting control circle and the inner cylindrical box The ring-shaped netting and bottom sinker of the box provide anti-deformation support for the middle and bottom of the cylindrical box inside the cage, which can effectively reduce the drift and deformation of the inner cylindrical box due to ocean currents; at the same time, through the outer The reduced flow velocity of the double-cone box net reduces the flow velocity of the inner cylindrical box; the annular net horizontal wing attached to the cylindrical box in the cage, the middle support and the lifting control ring, under the action of the ocean current The lower drive makes the middle support and the lifting control circle parallel to the direction of water flow, thereby reducing the upward drift of the net clothing and net bottom on the backflow side of the existing circular gravity cage under the action of water flow; Deformation and volume loss of the inner box in high-velocity sea environment.

2. In the environment of high-velocity sea areas, the flow rate of seawater in the inner cylindrical box can be effectively reduced through the reduction of the outer double-conical box netting and the inner cylindrical box double-layer netting, and the cultured fish can be reduced. The intensity of swimming in the top current for a long time in the cage provides a good living and growing environment for the cultured fish, while the outer net can provide a protective barrier for the inner cage to prevent the invasion of predators and the accidental impact and damage of floating objects on the sea; During the net cage sinking and floating operations before and after the net cage is used to avoid typhoons, red tides and other disastrous environments, the hydrodynamic force generated by the circular net horizontal wing attached to the cylindrical box in the net cage and the central lifting control circle The resistance can slow down the lifting speed of the cage, thereby reducing the extrusion damage to the fish cultured in the cage due to the lifting of the cage. the

3. Adopt the buoyancy adjustment of the independent central support and lifting control ring pipe to regulate the lifting and floating and sinking state of the cage. The central support and lifting control ring adopts an external rigid polyolefin ring pipe, and the pipe wall has a number of water inlet and outlet holes for support; the rigid polyolefin ring pipe is equipped with a flexible inflatable and deflated rubber liner for buoyancy adjustment. When there is enough gas in the rubber liner, the rubber liner is close to the inner wall of the polyolefin ring pipe, and the cage is in a constant floating state. At this time, formula 1 and formula 2 should be satisfied at the same time (wherein: F is buoyancy, W is sinking force or gravity, the same below);

F _{central support and lifting control circle} + F _{buoyancy frame} > W _{bottom sinking circle} + W _{bottom sinker} (Formula 1)

F _{central support and lifting control circle} <W _{bottom sinking circle} +W _{bottom sinking block ground} (Formula 2)

When it is necessary to perform the sinking operation of the net cage, open the air valve connected to the water surface to release the gas in the rubber liner, the rubber liner is crushed under the water pressure, and the seawater enters and exits through several holes on the outer polyolefin ring pipe wall The hole is poured into the polyolefin ring pipe, and the buoyancy of the middle support and the lifting control ring gradually decreases; when the buoyancy frame sinks into the water, the air valve is closed, the sinker of the net cage sinks to the bottom of the sea, and the sinker ring of the net cage is suspended in the water. To avoid damage to the net clothing at the bottom of the cage, formula 3 and formula 4 should be satisfied at the same time;

F _{central support and lifting control circle} + F _{buoyancy frame} < W _{bottom sinking circle} + W _{bottom sinker} (Formula 3)

F _{central support and lifting control circle} + F _{buoyancy frame} > W _{bottom sinking circle} (Formula 4)

When it is necessary to carry out the floating operation of the net cage, connect the air valve on the water surface to the air compressor or high-pressure gas cylinder, and inflate the rubber liner. As the pressure increases, the rubber liner expands and the polyolefin ring tube The seawater is discharged through several inlet and outlet holes in the outer polyolefin ring pipe wall, and the buoyancy of the middle support and the lifting control ring gradually increases; after the net cage floats up, the air valve is closed, and the state of formula 1 and formula 2 is restored at this time. the

The design of the external rigid polyolefin support tube and the internal rubber liner type lifting control of the present invention overcomes the cavity division and specific structure required to ensure the emptying of the water body in the tube when directly inflating the polyolefin ring tube and draining water to adjust the buoyancy The air intake and exhaust valves and water valves need only be adjusted by connecting the ordinary air intake and exhaust valves on the water surface through pressure-resistant hoses, so that the net cage can be lifted and lowered conveniently, which is convenient for popularization and application.

Claims (4)

1. self-reducing flow low-shape change off land deep water net cage, comprise the Crossed Circle buoyancy framework that employing is made of Internal and external cycle, the cylindrical box of forming by the etting and the head rope, the identical heavy circle of ring gauge lattice net cage casing bottom line is carried additionally a diameter and water surface buoyancy framework with flexible rope in, the bottom half sinker, the anchoring hawser, it is characterized in that establishing one at 1/2 place of the cylindrical box degree of depth is parallel to buoyancy framework and heavy circle, diameter is greater than the support and the lifting control circle of buoyancy framework diameter and heavy loop diameter, support and lifting control circle are the annular endless tube, this annular endless tube tube wall has and somely advances, apopore, ring-band shape is housed in the endless tube can be filled, the venting rubber liner is equipped with air valve and is connected with source of the gas by pressure hose on the rubber liner; Between Crossed Circle buoyancy framework outer ring, support and lifting control circle, cylindrical box bottom line and described heavy circle, flexibly connecting rope with many is located by connecting by the annulus equal proportion, and in above-mentioned Crossed Circle buoyancy framework outer ring, support and lifting control circle, flexibly connecting of cylindrical box bottom line install etting between the rope, constitute the inboard and flexibly connect anti-current deformation and subtract the streaming deep water mesh cage for two taper types for cylindrical, the outside, net cage anchoring cable stress point is set in support and lifting control circle.

2. self-reducing flow low-shape change off land deep water net cage according to claim 1, it is characterized in that cylindrical box 1/2 place installs a horizontal guiding principle additional in the net cage, and support and lifting control circle is connected with annular etting and middle part, constitute the horizontal tail that keeps box shape, adjusting net cage level, slows down the net cage rising or falling speed.

3. self-reducing flow low-shape change off land deep water net cage according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that removing the heavy circle of bottom half, and the cylindrical box bottom line directly is connected with the bottom half sinker by rope.

4. self-reducing flow low-shape change off land deep water net cage according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that the anchor anchoring stress point of hawser of net cage is supported and lifting control circle changes to the outer ring of being fixed in Crossed Circle buoyancy framework from being set in.

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