CN112795508A - 一株屎肠球菌yqh2及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种屎肠球菌YQH2,本发明还公开了一种益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2。本发明还公开了所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在禽类动物养殖中的应用。本发明还公开了所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备修复肠道损伤或增强肠道免疫中的应用。本发明内容还公开了所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染药物中的应用。本发明的屎肠球菌YQH2能够抑制病原菌生长。屎肠球菌YQH2可改善沙门氏菌感染变浅的隐窝深度和炎症因子水平的增加,刺激肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖,具有维护肠黏膜屏障的潜能。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物防控技术领域,具体涉及一株屎肠球菌YQH2及其在鸡养殖上的应用,口服屎肠球菌YQH2可增强肠道免疫功能,促进肠道上皮的增殖,具有维护肠道屏障稳态的潜能,可以对感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的鸡起到保护作用。
背景技术
屎肠球菌(Enterococcus Faecium)属肠球菌属,是革兰氏阳性菌,是人及动物肠道中正常菌群的一部分,屎肠球菌作为益生菌,已被农业部《饲料添加剂品种目录》收录。
病原菌、病毒、化学物质、环境因素等都可引起畜禽动物的肠道炎症,严重威胁畜禽的健康,给畜禽养殖业造成巨大经济损失。动物肠炎的具体致病机制尚不清楚,主要引起腹痛、腹泻、血便等。目前主要采用抗生素进行治疗,但抗生素的长期使用和滥用导致耐药性的产生,因此迫切需要寻找新的治疗策略。而近年来益生菌被广泛研究,越来越多的证据表明补充益生菌能够有效缓解肠道炎症,其能够抑制病原微生物的生长、增加上皮紧密连接、改变肠道通透性和分泌抗菌物质等。目前畜禽上使用最为广泛的益生菌是乳酸杆菌和芽孢杆菌。生理状况下,益生菌能够调节并维持肠道菌群的平衡;促进肠道营养物质的正常代谢和消化吸收;刺激黏液和抗菌肽的分泌,增强肠黏膜的免疫反应,有效地改善和保护肠道内稳态。肠黏膜屏障功能障碍时,益生菌在修复肠黏膜中也有着同样重要的作用。
肠道干细胞能分化成肠道上皮所有类型的细胞,如:肠上皮细胞、杯状细胞、潘氏细胞和其他内分泌细胞。肠道干细胞的增殖分化是改善肠炎和维护肠道健康的结构性基础。目前关于益生菌对畜禽动物肠干细胞的调控机制知之甚少,而屎肠球菌作为肠道的益生菌,其对畜禽肠道健康的调控机制尚不清楚,尤其是对肠干细胞的调控机制有待于深入探索。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明研究表明屎肠球菌YQH2能够抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的雏鸡的炎症水平,促进肠黏膜的增殖能力,改善轻鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的感染,维护肠黏膜屏障。
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供了一株屎肠球菌YQH2,该屎肠球菌YQH2抑菌效果优良,能增强肠道免疫功能,促进肠上皮增殖,维护肠黏膜屏障,进而发挥对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的保护作用。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了一种益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂包含所述的屎肠球菌YQH2。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在禽类动物养殖中的应用。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备修复或增强肠道免疫剂中的应用。
本发明还要解决的技术问题是提供了所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染药物中的应用。
技术方案:为了解决上述技术问题,本发明提供了一种屎肠球菌YQH2,所述屎肠球菌YQH2的分类命名为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus Faecium),于2020年7月13日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.20346;保藏地址:北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
本发明内容还包括一种益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2。
本发明内容还包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在禽类动物养殖中的应用。
其中,所述屎肠球菌YQH2灌胃量为2×108CFU/g禽类动物。
其中,所述禽类动物包括但不仅限于鸡,还包括其他的禽类动物。
其中,所述益生菌制剂的剂型不仅限于冻干菌粉,还包括液体水剂等。
本发明内容还包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备修复或增强肠道免疫剂中的应用。
本发明内容还包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或所述的益生菌制剂在制备抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染药物中的应用。
本发明内容还包括屎肠球菌YQH2在制备改善沙门氏菌感染变浅的隐窝深度和/或炎症因子水平的增加的药物中的应用。
本发明内容还包括所述的屎肠球菌YQH2在制备激活Wnt信号通路及其相关基因的表达水平和/或刺激肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖的药物中的应用。
有益效果:与现有技术相比,本发明具有如下的特色和优点:
1、乳酸杆菌属内种之间的差异较大,表型性状、生化反应和生理特征方面具有明显差异。本发明的屎肠球菌YQH2从鸡的肠道分离,是鸡源性的乳酸杆菌,通过筛选证实其能够改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对肠道和肝脏的损伤(实施例1)。
2、目前关于屎肠球菌YQH2在家禽动物鸡上的研究甚少。本发明首次分离鉴定获得了屎肠球菌YQH2;口服屎肠球菌YQH2可以抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌在肠道的定殖;与鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染组相比,该屎肠球菌YQH2显著降低了炎症因子TNF-α的水平(下降了58.14%),提高小肠绒毛的长度(增加了34.97%)和小肠隐窝的深度(增加了74.34%),维护肠黏膜稳态(实施例2)。
3、目前关于屎肠球菌对肠干细胞的研究甚少。本发明筛选的屎肠球菌YQH2能够激活Wnt信号通路基因(Wnt3、β-catenin和Lrp5)的高水平表达和激雏鸡肠干细胞的增殖(实施例3),从而促进家禽早期肠道的健康发育,改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的肠炎。这是本发明首次报道该现象及其作用机制,研究结果对于改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起的肠炎和降低感染动物鸡的死亡具有重要的发育学研究价值和实践养殖意义,该菌可以开发成改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染的益生菌制剂(实施例3)。
附图说明
图1、屎肠球菌YQH2对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌引起肠炎的保护作用。A:屎肠球菌YQH2饲喂雏鸡试验路线。B:屎肠球菌YQH2能改善感染鼠伤寒沙门氏菌雏鸡的体重下降。C和D:屎肠球菌YQH2能改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对雏鸡肝脏和肠道的病理损伤,鼠伤寒沙门氏菌处理组肝脏表面出现明显地白色坏死灶,肠道出现明显的出血点,在修复组得到改善;Ctrl:空白对照;Sal:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;E.faecium YQH2:屎肠球菌YQH2;E.faecium YQH2+Sal:屎肠球菌YQH2和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。数据统计以平均数±标准差表示,*p<0.05。
图2、屎肠球菌YQH2对鸡肠黏膜组织的保护作用。A:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌处理组肠黏膜结构不完整,有炎性细胞浸润,在屎肠球菌YQH2处理修复组得到改善。B:屎肠球菌YQH2改善鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对肠黏膜组织的病理打分。C:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染后隐窝深度减小,修复组中绒毛长度和隐窝深度得到明显改善。D:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌会显著提高回肠组织中TNF-α的浓度,屎肠球菌YQH2修复组极大的降低了回肠组织中的TNF-α的水平。E:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌组粪便中沙门氏菌的含量达到2.1×10^7CFU/g,修复组粪便中沙门氏菌的含量为7×10^6CFU/g,菌量显著减少。Ctrl:空白对照;Sal:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;E.faecium YQH2:屎肠球菌YQH2;E.faecium YQH2+Sal:屎肠球菌YQH2和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。数据统计以平均数±标准差表示,*p<0.05,**p<0.01。
图3、屎肠球菌YQH2激活Wnt信号通路促进肠干细胞的增殖修复肠黏膜形态结构。A:免疫组化检测小肠PCNA+细胞的比例。每组50个隐窝,比例尺为50微米。B:每个小肠隐窝中PCNA+细胞比例。C-E:实时荧光定量PCR检测小肠中肠干细胞增殖基因的表达,包括Wnt3、β-catenin、Lrp5。Ctrl:空白对照;Sal:鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;E.faecium YQH2:屎肠球菌YQH2;E.faecium YQH2+Sal:屎肠球菌YQH2和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌。数据统计以平均数±标准差表示,*p<0.05,**p<0.01,***p<0.01。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施例和附图对本发明进一步说明。下述实施例中所用方法如无特别说明,均为常规试剂和常规方法。
实施例1菌株的培养与鉴定
1、菌株的培养
采集健康鸡的粪便,放置装有玻璃珠的三角锥瓶内充分振荡,室温静置2-3min后,取100μl悬液涂布MRS琼脂培养基,在MRS固体培养基上平板划线,置于37℃温箱中过夜培养16小时。待菌落长到适当大小,挑选典型的菌落置于MRS液体培养基中过夜培养。然后按照2%(v/v)再次接种,进行二次活化,便于后续试验中的使用。
同时将鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL1344(北京大学微生物系刘树林教授馈赠)在具有链霉素的LB固体培养基上平板划线,置于37℃温箱中培养16小时。挑取典型菌落置于带有链霉素的LB液体培养基中,过夜振荡培养,用于后续试验。
2、乳酸菌属PCR鉴定
在步骤1的MRS固体培养基上挑取单个菌落,使用细菌16sRNA引物进行普通PCR扩增,扩增引物序列:上游引物(27F):5′AGAGTTTGATCCTGGCTCAG3′;下游引物(1492R):5′GGTTACCTTGTTACGACTT3′。反应体系:2×PCR Master Mix 12.5μL,超纯水10.5μL,上下游引物各1μL。反应条件:94℃预变性5min;94℃变性30s,52℃退火45s,72℃延伸1.5min,循环25次,再72℃延伸8~10min。扩增产物送往上海生工测序,BALST序列比对显示该株乳酸菌与屎肠球菌的相似性高达99%,因此将其命名为屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium YQH2,并于2020年7月13日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCCNo.20346,分类命名为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus faecium)。
3、屎肠球菌YQH2对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌导致的肠炎的保护作用
选择健康状态良好、体重相近的1日龄肉鸡,共分为4个组,控制环境温度,每日自由采食、饮水。空白组(Ctrl)雏鸡每日口服灌胃200μL的无菌PBS,连续20日;鼠伤寒沙门氏菌处理组(Sal)在第14天时口服灌胃一次10^9CFU的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌;屎肠球菌Enterococcus faecium YQH2(E.faecium YQH2)处理组每日每组口服灌胃200μL 10^8CFU的粪肠球菌Enterococcus faecium YQH2,连续20日;乳酸菌和沙门氏菌同时处理组(E.faecium YQH2+Sal),每日每组口服灌胃200μL 10^8CFU的粪肠球菌Enterococcusfaecium YQH2,在第14天时口服灌胃一次10^9CFU的鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(图1A)。第20天采样,发现屎肠球菌YQH2对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌导致的雏鸡体重降低有保护作用(图1B),解剖发现屎肠球菌YQH2对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌诱导的肝脏和肠组织眼观病理损伤有明显改善(图1C和1D)。
实施例2屎肠球菌YQH2对肠黏膜组织的保护作用
采用实施列1中各种处理后的肉鸡肠黏膜组织,HE染色后开展病理变化观察发现屎肠球菌YQH2可以修复肠绒毛形态结构的损伤,降低鼠伤寒沙门氏菌损伤导致的病理得分至1分(图2A-B),提高小肠绒毛的长度(增加了34.97%)和小肠隐窝的深度(增加了74.34%)(图2C);同时发现屎肠球菌YQH2可以显著降低鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的定殖(下降了66.67%),ELISA试剂盒检测发现屎肠球菌YQH2可以减少TNF-α的浓度,减缓炎症反应和感染程度(图2D-E)。
实施例3屎肠球菌YQH2激活Wnt信号通路促进肠干细胞的增殖修复肠黏膜形态结构
鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染后会损害肠道上皮细胞,破坏肠黏膜屏障,但损伤后肠上皮的增殖对于伤口的愈合是必不可少的。肠上皮的完整性取决于肠干细胞的增殖和更新,而Wnt/β-catenin信号通路调控肠干细胞的增殖。因此我们检测了实施例1各种处理后的鸡肠道的增殖情况,发现鼠伤寒沙门氏菌可导致隐窝处PCNA+细胞数目的减少,而屎肠球菌YQH2能够增加感染后雏鸡肠隐窝处PCNA+细胞的比例(增加了49.99%)(图3A-B);同时无论在屎肠球菌YQH2单独处理组还是修复组中,屎肠球菌YQH2都能够提高增殖相关基因(Wnt、β-catenin和Lrp5)的表达水平,刺激了肠干细胞的增殖(图3C-E)。
Claims (9)
1.一种屎肠球菌YQH2,其特征在于,所述屎肠球菌YQH2的分类命名为屎肠球菌(Enterococcus Faecium),于2020年7月13日保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为CGMCC No.20346;保藏地址为北京市朝阳区北辰西路1号院3号。
2.一种益生菌制剂,所述益生菌制剂包括权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2。
3.权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂在禽类动物养殖中的应用。
4.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述屎肠球菌YQH2灌胃量为2×108CFU/g鸡。
5.根据权利要求3所述的应用,其特征在于,所述益生菌制剂的剂型为冻干菌粉或液体水剂。
6.权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂在制备修复或增强肠道免疫剂中的应用。
7.权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2或权利要求2所述的益生菌制剂在制备抑制鼠伤寒沙门氏菌感染药物中的应用。
8.权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2在制备改善沙门氏菌感染变浅的隐窝深度和/或炎症因子水平的增加的药物中的应用。
9.权利要求1所述的屎肠球菌YQH2在制备激活Wnt信号通路及其相关基因的表达水平和/或刺激肠黏膜上皮细胞的增殖的药物中的应用。
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