CN112795090B - 一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材 - Google Patents

一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材 Download PDF

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CN112795090B
CN112795090B CN202011605709.6A CN202011605709A CN112795090B CN 112795090 B CN112795090 B CN 112795090B CN 202011605709 A CN202011605709 A CN 202011605709A CN 112795090 B CN112795090 B CN 112795090B
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洪斌
胡文达
陈晓俊
柳义忠
陈小波
袁燕萍
毛俊程
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Ningbo Dingxiang Fire Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材，主要是利用硅烷化蒙脱土的特性，不仅硅烷化蒙脱土的层间距较高，有利于备制奈米复合材料时，聚合物大分子进入蒙脱土片层间交联，同时本身具有较佳的热稳定性、具有较佳的疏水性等优点，再配合磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝本身具有较佳阻燃效果，因此，本创作透过一连串的制作方法，使得硅烷化蒙脱土、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝，聚丙烯四者形成复合材料，大幅改善聚丙烯易燃烧的特性，使得所述复合材料具有较佳的防火、阻燃功效。

Description

一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材
技术领域
本发明涉及材料制作领域，具体而言，涉及一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材。
背景技术
聚丙烯是属于一种热塑性树脂，由于结构整齐规律且具有结晶性，所以具有异于加工、电绝缘性佳、耐挠曲等特性，所以广泛用于汽车工业、家用电器、电子、建材等方面。
但是，聚丙烯虽有着上述优点，但本身属于易燃材料，使得如何提升聚丙烯的防火特性变得相当重要，也因此，本创作者思考着如何在聚丙烯的优点、特性之下，同时提升聚丙烯整体的阻燃性，以达防火标准、降低火灾时所带来的损害。
发明内容
本发明解决的问题是聚丙烯本身具有易燃特性的问题。
为解决上述问题，本发明提供一种防火材料的制作方法及其防火板材，主要是利用硅烷化蒙脱土的特性，不仅硅烷化蒙脱土的层间距较高，有利于备制奈米复合材料时，聚合物大分子进入蒙脱土片层间交联，同时本身具有较佳的热稳定性、具有较佳的疏水性等优点，同时蒙脱土发生热裂解时，会在表面形成多层黑色絮状含碳的硅酸铝残余物，迁移至材料表面形成保护层，使得整体具有较佳的阻燃性，再加上磷酸三苯酯及次磷酸铝具有较佳阻燃性，也因此，本创作者透过方法将硅烷化蒙脱土、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝、聚丙烯四者结合起来形成防火复合材料，可具有较佳的防火效果，同时可再利用所述防火复合材料制作成防火板体，且所述防火板体二侧分别都具有玻璃纤维布，可有效提升整体的防火阻热效果，同时利用所述玻璃纤维布的特性，让本创作还具有可维持板材的机械性、降低板材整体重量之优点。
附图说明
图1为本创作的工作流程示意图；
图2为防火板材的层状结构示意图；
图3为本创作实验结果图。
附图标记说明：
1-复合材料；2-第一玻璃纤维布；3-第二玻璃纤维布；4-弹性颗粒体。
具体实施方式
为使本发明的上述目的、特征和优点能够更为明显易懂，下面结合附图对本发明的具体实施例做详细的说明。
请参阅图1，本创作于制作时首先先制作硅烷化蒙脱土，而所述硅烷化蒙脱土的制作方法则是先拿出异丙醇溶液，将所述异丙醇溶液倒入一第二容器内，接着取蒙脱土及3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)加入所述第二容器内，接着拿棒体进行搅拌，如此一来可以使所述蒙脱土不会附着在所述第二容器的容器壁上，可有效与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷进行反应。当所述蒙脱土、所述3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷，及所述异丙醇充分混合后，再拿封口膜将所述第二容器的开口封住，以防止异丙醇挥发。接着将封口封住的第二容器以磁石搅拌器对内部进行搅拌，搅拌的过程中所述磁石搅拌器以转速450rpm，温度控制在温度85℃下进行。当充分搅拌、混合后，利用离心机对所述第二容器内的溶液进行离心，再以异丙醇清洗数次后得到第二黏土，取得第二黏土的过程中记得用刮杓、汤匙等可刮除物品表面附着物的器具，将所述第二容器的容器壁内侧彻底刮除表面附着的第二黏土。接下来将所述第二黏土放进烘烤箱烘烤数小时后研磨成粉末状，得到所述硅烷化蒙脱土。
接着，将去离子水倒入一第一容器内，将刚做好的硅烷化蒙脱土及溴化十六烷基三甲胺分别倒入所述第一容器内，同样的用棒体进行搅拌，以避免硅烷化蒙脱土附着于所述第一容器的内侧壁，等到充分混合后，再拿封口膜将所述第一容器顶部开口密封，以避免后续制作流程中，因加热导致内部液体蒸发等问题。这里值得一提的是，所述溴化十六烷基三甲胺主要是作为插层剂使用，目的是使所述硅烷化蒙脱土的层间距加大，以利后续磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝、聚丙烯等聚合物大分子进入所述硅烷化蒙脱土片层间进行交联，而所述溴化十六烷基三甲胺的添加剂量m则是根据公式：
m＝CEC(meq/100g)*A(g)*M(g/mol)*0.001(mol/meq)决定，其中CEC为蒙脱土每100g的阳离子交换量、A为所述硅烷化蒙脱土的重量、M为所述溴化十六烷基三甲胺的分子量。(meq/100g)、(g/mol)、(mol/meq)分别代表单位量。
接下来同样的利用磁石搅拌器对所述第一容器进行搅拌，搅拌的过程中是以转速450rpm，温度65℃下进行，当搅拌数小时以后，将所述第一容器内的溶液用离心机进行离心，再以去离子水清洗数次后得到一第一黏土。同样的将所述第一黏土自所述第一容器内侧壁刮除后，再放进烘烤箱烘烤一段时间后研磨成粉末状，得到所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土。
再来就是将所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝、聚丙烯放入塑谱仪中进行混炼，混炼过程中温度为200℃、转速60rmp，得到一复合材料。然后，将所述复合材料放置于不锈钢模具进行热压一段时间，热压过程温度为200℃、压力70kg/cm2，之后再进行冷压得到所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料。请参阅图2，这时需注意的是，如果想制作防火板材时，则是在所述复合材料进行热压前，先将一第一玻璃纤维布放置于所述不锈钢模具，再将所述复合材料放置于所述第一玻璃纤维布表面，再将一第二玻璃纤维布放置于所述复合材料顶面，接着再依序进行热压及冷压。如此一来，所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料1将包覆部分所述第一玻璃纤维布2及第二玻璃纤维布3，而完成所述防火板材的制作，使得所述防火板材由上而下依序是所述第二纤维布3、所述复合材料1、所述第一纤维布2。利用玻璃纤维布的特性，及所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料的优点，使得本创作的板材在具有较佳防火、阻燃优点外，还维持较佳的机械性。倘若在所述第一纤维布2的底面布设复数弹性颗粒体4，可有进一步具有隔音、吸震效果的板材。
请看图3所示，将聚丙烯材料，与所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料以热重量损失分析仪分析热重量损失状态，从图中的实验结果可知，所述硅烷化有基改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料可以有效提升聚丙烯的热稳定性，而具有防火、阻燃效果，可有效克服聚丙烯不足的特性。这里值得一提的是，一开始温度升高的过程中，所述复合材料中的阻燃剂(磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝)会先行分解，使得整体的重量损失较高，但随着温度逐渐升高后，整体的阻燃效果便可很明显地呈现出来。
虽然本公开披露如上，但本公开的保护范围并非仅限于此。本领域技术人员在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的前提下，可进行各种变更与修改，这些变更与修改均将落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

1.一种防火材料的制作方法，其特征在于包括下列步骤：
(A)将去离子水倒入一第一容器内，取硅烷化蒙脱土及溴化十六烷基三甲胺分别倒入所述第一容器内，并均匀搅拌后将所述第一容器顶部开口密封；
(B)用磁石搅拌器以转速450rpm，温度65℃下对该第一 容器进行搅拌一段时间，之后再用离心机对所述第一容器内的溶液进行离心，再以去离子水清洗数次后得到一第一黏土；
(C)将所述第一黏土放进烘烤箱烘烤一段时间后研磨成粉末状，得到硅烷化有机改质蒙脱土；
(D)将所述硅烷化有机改质蒙脱土、磷酸三苯酯、次磷酸铝、聚丙烯放入塑谱仪中进行混炼，混炼过程中温度为200℃、转速60rmp，得到一复合材料；
(E)将所述复合材料放置于不锈钢模具进行热压一段时间，热压过程温度为200℃、压力70kg/cm2，之后再进行冷压得到所述硅烷化有机改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料；
所述硅烷化蒙脱土的制作方式为：
(F)将异丙醇溶液倒入一第二容器内，取蒙脱土与3-氨基丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)加入所述第二容器内，并均匀搅拌后将所述第二容器顶部开口密封；
(G)用磁石搅拌器以转速450rpm，温度85℃下对该第二容器进行搅拌一段时间，之后再用离心机对所述第二容器内的溶液进行离心，再以异丙醇清洗数次后得到一第二黏土；
(H)将所述第二黏土放进烘烤箱烘烤一段时间后研磨成粉末状，得到所述硅烷化蒙脱土。
2.根据权利要求1所述防火材料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述溴化十六烷基三甲胺的添加剂量m是根据公式：
m＝CEC(meq/100g)*A(g)*M(g/mol)*0.001(mol/meq)决定，其中CEC为蒙脱土每100g的阳离子交换量、A为所述硅烷化蒙脱土的重量、M为所述溴化十六烷基三甲胺的分子量。
3.根据权利要求2所述防火材料的制作方法，其特征在于，所述步骤(E)中，再进行热压前，先将一第一玻璃纤维布放置于所述不锈钢模具，再将所述复合材料放置于所述第一玻璃纤维布表面，再将一第二玻璃纤维布放置于所述复合材料顶面。
4.一种防火板材，其特征在于，包括：一板材本体，所述板材本体的制作材质为硅烷化有机改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料，所述硅烷化有机改质蒙脱土/磷酸三苯酯/次磷酸铝/聚丙烯复合材料为以权利要求1所述步骤制作而成，且于所述板材本体正反二侧分别设有一玻璃纤维布。
5.根据权利要求4所述防火板材，其特征在于，其中一个所述玻璃纤维布一侧布设有复数弹性颗粒体。
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CN104592553A (zh) * 2014-12-31 2015-05-06 贵州省材料产业技术研究院 复合阻燃剂及其制备方法
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