CN112787684B - Front-end module for 5G millimeter waves and 5G millimeter wave communication system - Google Patents
Front-end module for 5G millimeter waves and 5G millimeter wave communication system Download PDFInfo
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B1/00—Details of transmission systems, not covered by a single one of groups H04B3/00 - H04B13/00; Details of transmission systems not characterised by the medium used for transmission
- H04B1/38—Transceivers, i.e. devices in which transmitter and receiver form a structural unit and in which at least one part is used for functions of transmitting and receiving
- H04B1/40—Circuits
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
- H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
- H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
- H04B7/0617—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal for beam forming
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04B—TRANSMISSION
- H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
- H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
- H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
- H04B7/08—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station
- H04B7/0837—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the receiving station using pre-detection combining
- H04B7/0842—Weighted combining
- H04B7/086—Weighted combining using weights depending on external parameters, e.g. direction of arrival [DOA], predetermined weights or beamforming
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Abstract
The application provides a front-end module for 5G millimeter waves and a 5G millimeter wave communication system, wherein the front-end module for 5G millimeter waves comprises: the antenna, the radio frequency end and the intermediate frequency end; the radio frequency end is connected with the intermediate frequency end through a mixer, and the mixer is used for realizing conversion of intermediate frequency signals and radio frequency signals; the radio frequency end comprises: the system comprises a beam forming chip, a polarized power divider, a radio frequency signal switch and a radio frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency end comprises: an intermediate frequency signal amplifier, an intermediate frequency signal switch and an intermediate frequency band-pass filter; the radio frequency end adopts analog beam forming, and the intermediate frequency end adopts digital beam forming. By adopting the scheme, the conversion from the millimeter wave frequency band to the intermediate frequency band is realized, the mixed beam forming technology is adopted, the function of multi-beam multi-data flow is realized, and the difficulty of instrument test and data acquisition and processing is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of wireless communications technologies, and in particular, to a front end module for 5G millimeter waves and a 5G millimeter wave communication system.
Background
The 5G millimeter wave generally works in 24.25-52.6GHz frequency band, has the characteristics of large bandwidth and narrow beam, so that the transmission rate of the 5G millimeter wave is greatly improved, and the 5G millimeter wave is widely used in the military fields of satellite communication, radar positioning and the like in the past. Due to the development of communication technology and the requirement of users for high-speed data transmission, 5G millimeter waves are gradually applied to scenes such as indoor and outdoor hot spots, a small number of backhauls and the like, including high-definition resource sharing of some commercial streets, squares, hospitals, enterprises and the like, VR live broadcast and the like. Compared to 4G communication, the 5G millimeter wave communication network uses a bandwidth of 400MHz, and the transmission rate can be increased to a level of 10 Gbps. However, the millimeter wave frequency is higher, the spatial attenuation is large, the transmission distance is short, and if the middle is shielded, the transmission is affected by bad weather. Therefore, how to improve the coverage of 5G millimeter waves and reduce the influence of obstacles on the communication quality is a general concern in the industry.
The millimeter wave front end module plays an important role in a 5G millimeter wave communication system and directly relates to the performance of the whole communication system. The millimeter wave front end module generally comprises an antenna, a power amplifier, a low-noise amplifier, a phase shifter, a filter, a radio frequency switch, a mixer and other structures, wherein the common millimeter wave front end module integrates the power amplifier, the low-noise amplifier, the phase shifter and the like on a chip, and a plurality of radio frequency channels, generally 4 or 8 channels, are arranged, and the chip mainly realizes analog beam forming and is also called BFIC chips. BFIC chips are used as a unit or a module, the size of the circuit is further reduced, the difficulty of circuit design is reduced, but the working frequency band is still a millimeter wave frequency band, besides the transmission loss is extremely high, the requirement on the tested instrument is also high, and the difficulty of data acquisition and processing is increased.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a front-end module for 5G millimeter waves and a 5G millimeter wave communication system, which are used for solving the problems that the working frequency band of the existing front-end module is still the millimeter wave frequency band, the transmission loss is extremely high, the requirement on a tested instrument is also high, and the difficulty of data acquisition and processing is increased.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present application provides a front-end module for 5G millimeter waves, including: the antenna, the radio frequency end and the intermediate frequency end; the radio frequency end is connected with the intermediate frequency end through a mixer, and the mixer is used for realizing conversion of intermediate frequency signals and radio frequency signals;
the radio frequency end comprises: the system comprises a beam forming chip, a polarized power divider, a radio frequency signal switch and a radio frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency end comprises: an intermediate frequency signal amplifier, an intermediate frequency signal switch and an intermediate frequency band-pass filter;
The antenna is connected with the beam forming chip, the beam forming chip is connected with the polarized power divider, and the polarized power divider is used for realizing power distribution of a plurality of beam forming chips; the polarized power divider is connected with a radio frequency signal switch, and the radio frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; the radio frequency signal switch is connected with a radio frequency band-pass filter; the radio frequency band-pass filter is used for filtering stray signals outside the radio frequency band;
The mixer is connected with the radio frequency band-pass filter and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier, and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is used for amplifying radio frequency signals and improving link gain; the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is connected with an intermediate frequency signal switch, and the intermediate frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving intermediate frequency signals; the intermediate frequency signal switch is connected with an intermediate frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency band-pass filter is used for preventing out-of-band interference signals from entering the mixer to generate emission spurious signals;
The number of the antennas and the beam forming chips is multiple, the beam forming chips comprise a plurality of channels, the analog beam forming function is realized, the dual polarization work is supported, and a single beam forming chip is connected with a plurality of antennas;
The radio frequency end adopts analog beam forming, and the intermediate frequency end adopts digital beam forming.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the front end module further includes: a phase-locked loop circuit;
The phase-locked loop circuit selects a temperature compensation crystal oscillator or a constant temperature crystal oscillator with frequency temperature as a reference, and an output channel of the phase-locked loop circuit generates multiple paths of local oscillation signals to each mixer, and each path of local oscillation signal corresponds to one mixer.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, a local oscillator power divider is further disposed between the phase-locked loop circuit and the mixer, and the local oscillator power divider is used for realizing power distribution of local oscillator signals.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the polarized power divider adopts a microstrip power divider, and a power amplifier is arranged between the microstrip power divider and the radio frequency signal switch, and is used for improving the intensity of radio frequency signals and compensating the loss of signals caused by the insertion loss of the microstrip power divider.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the polarized power divider includes a horizontally polarized power divider and a vertically polarized power divider; the horizontal polarization power divider and the vertical polarization power divider are arranged in equal length;
the horizontal polarization power divider is connected with the horizontal polarization of the beam forming chip and then connected with an antenna in the horizontal polarization direction; the vertical polarization power divider is connected with the vertical polarization of the beam forming chip and then connected with the antenna in the vertical polarization direction.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the number of the antennas and the beamforming chips is determined according to an equivalent omni-directional radiation power of the front end module, where the equivalent omni-directional radiation power is calculated by adopting the following formula:
EIRP＝P1dB+Gain+20*logN+Loss；
The EIRP represents the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the front-end module, P1dB represents a 1dB compression point of the beam forming chip, gain represents the Gain of the antenna, N represents the number of the antennas, and Loss represents the interconnection Loss value of the antenna and the beam forming chip.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the antennas are patch antennas, the number of the antennas is 512, the beamforming chips are 8-channel dual polarized BFIC chips, and the number of the BFIC chips is 128.
With reference to the first aspect, in one implementation manner, the mixer includes an up-converter and a down-converter, each digital channel at the intermediate frequency end is connected to one mixer, and multiple digital channels share the same phase-locked loop circuit.
In a second aspect, the embodiment of the present application provides a 5G millimeter wave communication system, the 5G millimeter wave communication system comprising a front-end module according to any one of the first aspects.
The application provides a front-end module for 5G millimeter waves and a 5G millimeter wave communication system, wherein the front-end module for 5G millimeter waves comprises: the antenna, the radio frequency end and the intermediate frequency end; the radio frequency end is connected with the intermediate frequency end through a mixer, and the mixer is used for realizing conversion of intermediate frequency signals and radio frequency signals; the radio frequency end comprises: the system comprises a beam forming chip, a polarized power divider, a radio frequency signal switch and a radio frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency end comprises: an intermediate frequency signal amplifier, an intermediate frequency signal switch and an intermediate frequency band-pass filter; the antenna is connected with the beam forming chip, the beam forming chip is connected with the polarized power divider, and the polarized power divider is used for realizing power distribution of a plurality of beam forming chips; the polarized power divider is connected with a radio frequency signal switch, and the radio frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; the radio frequency signal switch is connected with a radio frequency band-pass filter; the radio frequency band-pass filter is used for filtering stray signals outside the radio frequency band; the mixer is connected with the radio frequency band-pass filter and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier, and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is used for amplifying radio frequency signals and improving link gain; the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is connected with an intermediate frequency signal switch, and the intermediate frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving intermediate frequency signals; the intermediate frequency signal switch is connected with an intermediate frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency band-pass filter is used for preventing out-of-band interference signals from entering the mixer to generate emission spurious signals; the number of the antennas and the beam forming chips is multiple, the beam forming chips comprise a plurality of channels, the analog beam forming function is realized, the dual polarization work is supported, and a single beam forming chip is connected with a plurality of antennas; the radio frequency end adopts analog beam forming, and the intermediate frequency end adopts digital beam forming. By adopting the scheme, the conversion from the millimeter wave frequency band to the intermediate frequency band is realized, the mixed beam forming technology is adopted, the function of multi-beam multi-data flow is realized, and the difficulty of instrument test and data acquisition and processing is reduced.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present application, the drawings that are needed in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that other drawings can be obtained from these drawings without inventive effort.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a front-end module for 5G millimeter waves according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a single beamforming chip connecting multiple antennas according to an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a local oscillator scheme according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 4 is a schematic layout diagram of an array antenna according to an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of connection between an array antenna and BFIC according to an embodiment of the present application;
Fig. 6 is a schematic system configuration diagram of a front end module according to an embodiment of the application.
Detailed Description
In order that the above-recited objects, features and advantages of the present application will become more readily apparent, a more particular description of the application will be rendered by reference to the appended drawings and appended detailed description.
As can be seen from the description in the background section, the working frequency band of the front-end module in the prior art is still a millimeter wave frequency band, the transmission loss is extremely high, the requirement on the tested instrument is also high, and the front-end module cannot be compatible with the existing transceiver architecture. In order to solve the problems, the embodiment of the application adopts the design of the mixer, the radio frequency switch, the filter and the like, realizes the conversion from the millimeter wave frequency band to the intermediate frequency band, adopts the mixed beam forming technology, realizes the function of multi-beam multi-data flow, and reduces the difficulty of instrument test and data acquisition processing.
Referring to fig. 1, the front end module for 5G millimeter waves disclosed in the present application includes: an antenna 1, a radio frequency end 2 and an intermediate frequency end 3; the radio frequency end 2 and the intermediate frequency end 3 are connected through a mixer 4, and the mixer 4 is used for realizing conversion of intermediate frequency signals and radio frequency signals.
In this embodiment, the Frequency band range of the Radio Frequency (RF) end is 26.5GHz-29.5GHz, the Frequency band range of the intermediate Frequency (IF, INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCY) end is 3.1GHz-3.9GHz, the RF end adopts 256 channels analog beam forming technology, the IF end adopts 4 channels or 8 channels digital beam forming technology, the number of the analog beam forming technology is usually determined according to the function requirement of the communication system, IF the number of the channels is increased, the cost is directly increased, and the terminal device communicating with the analog beam forming technology does not have redundant space to place redundant antennas 1, generally 2-4 millimeter wave antennas, so as to support dual polarization operation.
The radio frequency end 2 includes: a beam forming chip 21, a polarized power divider 22, a radio frequency signal switch 23 and a radio frequency band-pass filter 24; the intermediate frequency end 3 includes: an intermediate frequency signal amplifier 31, an intermediate frequency signal switch 32 and an intermediate frequency band pass filter 33.
The antenna 1 is connected with a beam forming chip 21, the beam forming chip 21 is connected with a polarized power divider 22, and the polarized power divider 22 is used for realizing power distribution of a plurality of beam forming chips 21; the polarized power divider 22 is connected with a radio frequency signal switch 23, and the radio frequency signal switch 23 is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; the radio frequency signal switch 23 is connected with a radio frequency band-pass filter 24; the rf band-pass filter 24 is used to filter spurious signals outside the rf band.
The beamforming chip 21, abbreviated as BFIC, integrates a Power Amplifier (PA), a Low Noise Amplifier (LNA), a phase shifter, a power divider, and the like, and can realize an analog beamforming function and support dual polarization operation.
The radio frequency band-pass filter 24 is used for filtering 26.5GHz-29.5GHz signals and filtering out stray signals.
The mixer 4 is connected with the radio frequency band-pass filter 24 and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier 31, and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier 31 is used for amplifying radio frequency signals and improving link gain; the intermediate frequency signal amplifier 31 is connected with an intermediate frequency signal switch 32, and the intermediate frequency signal switch 32 is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving intermediate frequency signals; the intermediate frequency signal switch 32 is connected with an intermediate frequency band-pass filter 33; the intermediate frequency band pass filter 33 is used to prevent out-of-band interference signals from entering the mixer 4 and producing spurious emissions.
The intermediate frequency band-pass filter 33 is used for filtering the intermediate frequency 3.1GHz-3.9GHz signals, so as to prevent out-of-band interference signals from entering the mixer 4 to generate emission spurious signals and reduce the quality of useful signals.
The number of the antennas 1 and the beamforming chips 21 is plural, the beamforming chips 21 include plural channels, so as to implement an analog beamforming function, and support dual polarization operation, that is, a single beamforming chip 21 may be connected to plural antennas 1, as shown in fig. 2.
The radio frequency end 2 adopts analog beam forming, and the intermediate frequency end 3 adopts digital beam forming.
By adopting the scheme, the space diversity technology is utilized, the beam forming technology is simultaneously used at the digital end and the analog end, the defects of real-time processing of mass data of all-digital beam forming and a large amount of high-speed AD (analog-digital conversion)/DA (digital-analog conversion) are taken into consideration, and the requirements of multi-beam and multi-data flow can be met.
Optionally, the mixer 4 selects an integrated design of up-down converters, each digital channel is provided with one mixer 4, and 4 channels share one Local Oscillator (LO), and the 4 channels share the Local Oscillator (LO) and are connected through a power divider because the 4 digital channels are selected above.
In order to reduce the influence of local oscillation leakage, the front-end module of the embodiment selects a 1/4 x lo phase-locked loop circuit (PLL circuit), the frequency division of the PLL circuit is determined by the internal frequency multiplier of the mixer 4, the spurious products of the frequency division of 4 generally fall out of band, the signal amplitude is small, and the temperature compensation crystal oscillator or the constant-temperature crystal oscillator of the frequency temperature is selected to be used as a reference in consideration of the influence of temperature rise.
As shown in fig. 3, the TCXO is a temperature compensated crystal oscillator, the temperature compensated crystal oscillator provides a reference signal for the PLL circuit, and a local oscillator Power Divider (PD) is further disposed between the PLL circuit and the mixer, where the local oscillator power divider is used to implement power distribution of the local oscillator signal. The PLL circuit may include a plurality of output channels connected to a plurality of MIXERs, and the output channel of the PLL circuit selected in this embodiment generates 4 local oscillation signals to 4 MIXERs (MIXER 1-MIXER 4), one for each local oscillation signal.
Optionally, the polarized power divider 22 adopts a microstrip power divider, and a power amplifier is arranged between the microstrip power divider and the radio frequency signal switch 23, and the power amplifier is used for improving the strength of radio frequency signals and compensating the loss of signals caused by the insertion loss of the microstrip power divider.
The microstrip power divider has a larger insertion loss, so that the output of BFIC chips is not saturated, and therefore, a first-stage PA needs to be added between the MIXER and the power divider on the transmission link to offset the effect of the insertion loss of the power divider.
Optionally, the polarized power divider 22 includes a horizontally polarized power divider (PH-H) and a vertically polarized power divider (PH-D); the horizontal polarization power divider and the vertical polarization power divider are arranged in equal length; the equal length design of the RF power dividers (polarized power dividers) reduces the calibration requirements between RF channels.
The horizontal polarization power divider is connected with the horizontal polarization of the beam forming chip 21, and then is connected with an antenna in the horizontal polarization direction; the vertically polarized power divider is connected with the vertical polarization of the beam forming chip 21, and then is connected with an antenna in the vertical polarization direction.
In order to increase the coverage area of the front-end module and the transmission distance of the signal, it is necessary to increase the EIRP (equivalent omnidirectional radiation power) of the front-end module, since BFIC chips are limited by the process and P1dB (1 dB compression point) is limited, it is necessary to increase the EIRP by increasing the number of chips and antenna 1 units, that is, the number of the antenna 1 and the beamforming chip 21 can be determined according to the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power required by the front-end module, and the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power is calculated by the following formula:
EIRP＝P1dB+Gain+20*logN+Loss；
The EIRP represents the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the front-end module, P1dB represents a 1dB compression point of the beam forming chip, gain represents the Gain of the antenna, N represents the number of the antennas, and Loss represents the interconnection Loss value of the antenna and the beam forming chip.
Optionally, the antenna 1 is a patch antenna, according to the above EIRP value, the number of selected antennas 1 is 512, the beamforming chip 21 is an 8-channel dual polarized BFIC chip, and the number of BFIC chips is 128 chips, that is, the number of RF channels is 1024.
The application selects BFIC chips with 8 channels for dual polarization, because the current quantity can meet the function of analog beam forming, the more the quantity is, the more the beam width can be reduced, but the power consumption and the design difficulty of the chips are increased. Of course, the number of the antenna 1 and BFIC chips can also be adjusted according to the value of EIRP.
The 512 array antennas adopt a 16×16 layout, and the block diagram is shown in fig. 4: in fig. 4, the black rectangle is BFIC, the white rectangle is an antenna unit, each BFIC is connected with 4 pieces of antenna units, and the template is composed of 2 pieces of structures.
Wherein, BFIC and single antenna unit are interconnected, and a 1 minute 2 power division structure schematic diagram is shown in fig. 5: then, a work division structure of 1:64 was formed.
Examples
In order to further understand the scheme disclosed in the present application, the present application further discloses a specific embodiment, as shown in fig. 6, fig. 6 shows a system diagram of a front-end module, which is composed of 4 physical channels, a transmit chain (arrow in the drawing is from left to right as a transmit chain, and vice versa) is divided into transmit chains, CH1 to CH4, each physical channel has 256 RF channels, and four intermediate frequency channels are completely identical, where BPF1 and SW1 are filters and switches of intermediate frequency, AMP is an intermediate frequency signal amplifier, MIXER is integrated with an up-converter and a down-converter, BPF2 and SW2 are filters and switches of radio frequency, PA is a power amplifier, which is disposed on the transmit chain, BFIC is a dual polarization 8 channel, CH1 is connected to H polarization of BFIC through a power divider PD-H, and then connected to V polarization of BFIC through a power divider PD-V, and then connected to V polarization of V directional antennas (ANT 1-H to ANT 4-H).
In addition, each physical channel in fig. 6 includes two transceiving channels, and the same local oscillator scheme is used between the transceiving channels and each channel, so that phase errors caused by frequency drift are eliminated.
Based on the front-end module disclosed above, the application also discloses a 5G millimeter wave communication system, wherein the 5G millimeter wave communication system comprises any front-end module.
The application has been described in detail in connection with the specific embodiments and exemplary examples thereof, but such description is not to be construed as limiting the application. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that various equivalent substitutions, modifications or improvements may be made to the technical solution of the present application and its embodiments without departing from the spirit and scope of the present application, and these fall within the scope of the present application. The scope of the application is defined by the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A front end module for 5G millimeter waves, comprising: the antenna, the radio frequency end and the intermediate frequency end; the radio frequency end is connected with the intermediate frequency end through a mixer, and the mixer is used for realizing conversion of intermediate frequency signals and radio frequency signals;
the radio frequency end comprises: the system comprises a beam forming chip, a polarized power divider, a radio frequency signal switch and a radio frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency end comprises: an intermediate frequency signal amplifier, an intermediate frequency signal switch and an intermediate frequency band-pass filter;
The antenna is connected with the beam forming chip, the beam forming chip is connected with the polarized power divider, and the polarized power divider is used for realizing power distribution of a plurality of beam forming chips; the polarized power divider is connected with a radio frequency signal switch, and the radio frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving radio frequency signals; the radio frequency signal switch is connected with a radio frequency band-pass filter; the radio frequency band-pass filter is used for filtering stray signals outside the radio frequency band;
The mixer is connected with the radio frequency band-pass filter and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier, and the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is used for amplifying radio frequency signals and improving link gain; the intermediate frequency signal amplifier is connected with an intermediate frequency signal switch, and the intermediate frequency signal switch is used for realizing the switching of transmitting and receiving intermediate frequency signals; the intermediate frequency signal switch is connected with an intermediate frequency band-pass filter; the intermediate frequency band-pass filter is used for preventing out-of-band interference signals from entering the mixer to generate emission spurious signals;
The number of the antennas and the beam forming chips is multiple, the beam forming chips comprise a plurality of channels, the analog beam forming function is realized, the dual polarization work is supported, and a single beam forming chip is connected with a plurality of antennas;
the radio frequency end adopts analog beam forming, and the intermediate frequency end adopts digital beam forming;
the front end module further comprises: a phase-locked loop circuit;
The phase-locked loop circuit selects a temperature compensation crystal oscillator or a constant temperature crystal oscillator with frequency temperature as a reference, and an output channel of the phase-locked loop circuit generates multiple paths of local oscillation signals to each mixer, wherein each path of local oscillation signal corresponds to one mixer;
The polarized power divider adopts a microstrip power divider, a power amplifier is arranged between the microstrip power divider and a radio frequency signal switch, and the power amplifier is used for improving the intensity of radio frequency signals and compensating the signal loss caused by the insertion loss of the microstrip power divider.
2. The front-end module of claim 1, wherein a local oscillator power divider is further disposed between the phase-locked loop circuit and the mixer, and the local oscillator power divider is configured to implement power distribution of local oscillator signals.
3. The front end module of claim 1, wherein,
The polarized power divider comprises a horizontal polarized power divider and a vertical polarized power divider; the horizontal polarization power divider and the vertical polarization power divider are arranged in equal length;
the horizontal polarization power divider is connected with the horizontal polarization of the beam forming chip and then connected with an antenna in the horizontal polarization direction; the vertical polarization power divider is connected with the vertical polarization of the beam forming chip and then connected with the antenna in the vertical polarization direction.
4. The front-end module of claim 1, wherein the number of antennas and beamforming chips is determined according to an equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the front-end module, the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power being calculated using the formula:
EIRP=P1dB+Gain+20*logN+Loss；
The EIRP represents the equivalent omnidirectional radiation power of the front-end module, P1dB represents a 1dB compression point of the beam forming chip, gain represents the Gain of the antenna, N represents the number of the antennas, and Loss represents the interconnection Loss value of the antenna and the beam forming chip.
5. The front end module of claim 4, wherein,
The antenna is a patch antenna, the number of the antennas is 512, the beam forming chip is a dual polarized BFIC chip with 8 channels, and the number of the BFIC chips is 128.
6. The front-end module of claim 1, wherein the mixer comprises an up-converter and a down-converter, each digital channel of the intermediate frequency end is connected to a mixer, and the plurality of digital channels share the same phase-locked loop circuit.
7. A 5G millimeter wave communication system, wherein the 5G millimeter wave communication system comprises the front end module of any one of claims 1-6.
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| CN114006641B (en) * | 2021-11-02 | 2024-02-02 | 东南大学 | Millimeter wave asymmetric large-scale MIMO receiving and transmitting system architecture |
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