CN112779100B - 一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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CN112779100B
CN112779100B CN202110097382.4A CN202110097382A CN112779100B CN 112779100 B CN112779100 B CN 112779100B CN 202110097382 A CN202110097382 A CN 202110097382A CN 112779100 B CN112779100 B CN 112779100B
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郭凯
方正
何伟
陈可泉
陶俊杰
陈昌主
谭伟民
刘福建
黄益平
马仁
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Jiangsu Taia Biotechnology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用,将植物油与乙烯、Grubbs 2代催化剂在反应釜中反应得到去除悬吊链的植物油,与N‑溴代琥珀酰亚胺、二甲基亚砜在反应釜中反应得到产物a,然后与乙醚、1,8‑二氮杂二环十一碳‑7‑烯在反应釜中反应得到产物b;产物b作为组分Ⅰ,醛与甲苯制成的混合液作为组分Ⅱ,分别同时泵入第一微混合器中进行混合,混合后泵入第一微反应器进行反应得到植物油多元醇c;植物油多元醇c与Pd/C催化剂、氢气在反应釜中进行氢化反应即得。本发明首先通过去除了植物油中的悬吊链,使多元醇的羟值和粘度适中,可替代传统多元醇,用于聚氨酯弹性体和聚氨酯涂料的制备,使得部分聚氨酯材料的性能变得更优异。

Description

一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用
技术领域
本发明涉及植物油多元醇技术领域,具体涉及一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用。
背景技术
聚氨酯是由异氰酸酯与多元醇反应而制成的一种具有氨基甲酸酯链段重复结构单元的聚合物。聚氨酯制品分为发泡制品和非发泡制品两大类。发泡制品有软质、硬质、半硬质聚氨酯泡沫塑料;非发泡制品包括涂料、粘合剂、合成皮革、弹性体和弹性纤维等。聚氨酯材料性能优异,用途广泛,制品种类多。
目前,聚氨酯多元醇种类繁多,市场上占主导地位的多元醇主要为某些较高官能度的羟基化合物和胺类化合物与环氧丙烷或环氧乙烷反应得到的聚醚类多元醇,除此以外还有聚酯多元醇、改性接枝聚醚多元醇等,这些多元醇产品都是石油的下游产品,资源依赖性强、价格较高、工艺安全性差。因此,以生物基原料替代石化资源,开发植物油多元醇,提升产品品质、降低资源依赖性、提升过程安全性,是聚氨酯多元醇研究和产业发展的重要趋势。
植物油多元醇是石油基多元醇的替代品,环保价值突出。植物油多元醇原料来源广泛,植物油包括花生油、菜籽油、大豆油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、棕榈油等可食用油以及麻疯树油、黄连木油等非食用油。
但是目前合成的植物油多元醇大多含有悬吊链,导致多元醇的碘值较低、环氧值较高,从而影响合成的聚氨酯材料的性能。
发明内容
发明目的:本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对现有技术的不足,提供一种去除悬吊链制备植物油多元醇的方法,以解决现有的植物油多元醇产品羟值大、粘度高的问题,从而改善了聚氨酯弹性体和涂料的性能。
为了解决上述技术问题,本发明采取的技术方案如下:
一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)将植物油与乙烯、Grubbs 2代催化剂在反应釜中反应得到去除悬吊链的植物油;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的植物油与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、二甲基亚砜在反应釜中反应得到产物a;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物a与乙醚、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯在反应釜中反应得到产物b;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的产物b作为组分Ⅰ,醛与甲苯制成的混合液作为组分Ⅱ,分别同时泵入微通道模块化反应装置的第一微混合器中进行混合,混合后泵入第一微反应器进行反应得到植物油多元醇c;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的植物油多元醇c与Pd/C催化剂、氢气在反应釜中进行氢化反应即得。
具体地,步骤(1)中,所述的植物油为大豆油、玉米油、花生油、蓖麻油中的任意一种,优选玉米油;植物油中的双键、乙烯、Grubbs 2代催化剂的反应摩尔比为1:(1-2):(0:05-0.2),优选为1:2:0.05;反应温度为50-70℃,优选为60℃;反应时间为2-4h,优选为3h。当多元醇有悬吊链时,多元醇过于刚性,使得制备的部分聚氨酯材料性能和力学性能不好,不能满足需求,因此需要去除植物油中的去除悬吊链。步骤(1)反应的原理为金属钌的加入会在烯键的吸引下形成配合物,乙烯与该配合物再进行配位使得使得两个烯烃之间通过钌形成四元环,在加热的条件下四元环开环,长链烃离去与烯烃形成长链末端烯烃,植物油形成末端烯烃结构。
具体地,步骤(2)中,所述步骤(1)得到的植物油与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的反应摩尔比为1:(1-2),优选为1:1.5;反应温度为40-70℃,优选为50℃;反应时间3-5h,优选为4h;二甲基亚砜作为反应溶剂,用量可以根据需要选择,本发明用量为150-250mL。步骤(2)的目的是通过N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺(NBS)上的-Br取代与双键相连的α-H。
具体地,步骤(3)中,所述步骤(2)得到的产物a与1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)的反应摩尔比为1:(0.02-0.06),优选为1:0.04;反应时间20-26h,优选为24h;乙醚作为反应溶剂,用量可以根据需要选择,本发明用量为100-150mL。步骤(3)目的是在植物油中构造丁二烯的结构。
具体地,步骤(4)中,所述的醛为3-氧代丙酸乙酯、3-氧代丙酸甲酯、2-苯基乙醛中的任意一种,优选为3-氧代丙酸乙酯;组分Ⅰ中产物b与组分Ⅱ中的醛的反应摩尔比为1:2;甲苯作为反应溶剂,用量可以根据需要选择,本发明用量为120-150mL。
优选地,步骤(4)中,所述组分Ⅰ泵入微通道模块化反应装置的流速为0.5-1.0mL/min,优选为0.8mL/min;所述组分Ⅱ泵入微通道模块化反应装置的流速为2.0-5.5mL/min,优选为4.5mL/min;二者于第一微反应器中反应温度为100-130℃,优选110℃;反应停留5-8min,优选6.5min;本发明选用的第一微反应器的体积为12.5-52mL,优选34.45mL。步骤(4)的目的是通过发生狄尔斯-阿尔德反应,引入羟基和酯基结构。
具体地,步骤(5)中,所述步骤(4)得到的产物c与Pd/C催化剂的反应摩尔比为1:(0.3-0.5),优选1:0.45;通入氢气,保持反应釜压力在1MPa左右;反应时间为8-12h,优选10.5h。步骤(5)目的是通过氢化,还原产物中的双键。
进一步地,上述制备方法制备得到的植物油多元醇也在本发明的保护范围中。
更进一步地,本发明还要求保护上述植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯弹性体中的应用。
具体地,所述聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法(各原料的用量“份”为“重量份”):
第一组分包括:植物油多元醇100份,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
更进一步地,本发明还要求保护上述植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯涂料中的应用。
具体地,所述聚氨酯涂料的制备方法为(各原料的用量“份”为“重量份”):
将65份植物油多元醇与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在30份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到阻燃型植物油基水性聚氨酯涂料。
所述的环氧树脂ⅰ结构式如下:
Figure BDA0002914901150000041
有益效果:
1、本发明首先通过去除了植物油中的悬吊链,使多元醇的羟值(119-150mgKOH/g)和粘度(530-1986mPa.s)适中,可替代传统多元醇,用于聚氨酯弹性体和聚氨酯涂料的制备,使得部分聚氨酯材料的性能变得更优异;采用反应釜与微通道结合制备工艺,操作方便,能耗低,副反应少,反应效率高。
2、本发明制备得到的植物油多元醇,用于制备聚氨酯弹性体,回弹性好、密度小、硬度小、拉伸强度大、撕裂强度大。
3、本发明制备得到的植物油多元醇混溶性好,制备聚氨酯涂料时所需有机溶剂的量大量减少;植物油多元醇c粘度在500-800mPa.s,用来制备的聚氨酯涂料柔韧性好、耐水性好、光泽度好、硬度大;植物油多元醇d粘度在1500-2000mPa.s,用来制备的聚氨酯涂料耐冲击性好、耐水性好、光泽度好、硬度大。
附图说明
下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明做更进一步的具体说明,本发明的上述和/或其他方面的优点将会变得更加清楚。
图1是实施例2植物油多元醇的合成工艺流程图。
图2是实施例2中大豆油的核磁氢谱图。
图3是实施例2中去除悬吊链的大豆油的核磁氢谱图。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。
实施例1
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
取212g玉米油(含双键1mol),56g乙烯(2mol)、42.45g Grubbs 2代催化剂(0.05mol)在60℃的反应釜中反应3h得到去除悬吊链的植物油。
将去除悬吊链的植物油与267g N-溴代琥珀酰(1.5mol)、二甲基亚砜(210mL)在50℃的反应釜中反应4h得到产物a1。将产物a1与6.08g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.04mol)、乙醚(120mL)在室温下反应24h得到产物b1,作为组分Ⅰ。232g 3-氧代丙酸乙酯(2mol)和甲苯(135mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率0.8mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率4.5mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(34.45mL)中,保持反应停留6.5min,于常压和110℃下进行反应得到玉米油多元醇c1。将c1与47.7g Pd/C(0.45mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应10.5h,经过水洗得到玉米油多元醇d1。
(2)聚氨酯弹性体的制备
第一组分包括:100份玉米油多元醇d1,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份玉米油多元醇c1或者d1与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例2
按照图1所示的工艺流程制备植物有多元醇:
取200g大豆油(含双键1mol),28g乙烯(1mol)、84.9g Grubbs 2代催化剂(0.1mol)在50℃的反应釜中反应2h得到去除悬吊链的植物油。图2是未去除悬吊链的是大豆油的核磁氢谱,经去除悬吊链后,其核磁氢谱如图3所示。对比原料与产物的核磁氢谱图,发现高场烷基氢数减少,在化学位移5.0-5.5之间的烯键氢出峰由于悬吊链的离去产生更多的裂分,以此证明了悬吊链的除去。
将去除悬吊链的植物油与178g N-溴代琥珀酰(1mol)、二甲基亚砜(150mL)在40℃的反应釜中反应3h得到产物a2。将产物a2与3.04g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.02mol)、乙醚(100mL)在室温下反应20h得到产物b2,作为组分Ⅰ。204g 3-氧代丙酸甲酯(2mol)和甲苯(120mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率0.5mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率2.5mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(15mL)中,保持反应停留5min,于常压和100℃下进行反应得到大豆油多元醇c2。将c2与31.8g Pd/C(0.3mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应8h,经过水洗得到大豆油多元醇d2。
(2)聚氨酯弹性体的制备
第一组分包括:100份大豆油多元醇d2,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份大豆油多元醇c2或者d2与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例3
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
取265g花生油(含双键1mol),42g乙烯(1.5mol)、127.35g Grubbs 2代催化剂(0.15mol)在65℃的反应釜中反应3.5h得到去除悬吊链的植物油。将去除悬吊链的植物油与213.6g N-溴代琥珀酰(1.2mol)、二甲基亚砜(180mL)在60℃的反应釜中反应3.5h得到产物a3。将产物a3与7.6g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.05mol)、乙醚(135mL)在室温下反应23h得到产物b3,作为组分Ⅰ。240g 2-苯基乙醛(2mol)和甲苯(140mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率0.65mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率3.5mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(29.05mL)中,保持反应停留7min,于常压和120℃下进行反应得到花生油多元醇c3。将c3与42.4g Pd/C(0.4mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应11h,经过水洗得到花生油多元醇d3。
(2)聚氨酯弹性体的制备
第一组分包括:100份花生油多元醇d3,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份花生油多元醇c3或者d3与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例4
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
取303g蓖麻油(含双键1mol),50.4g乙烯(1.8mol)、169.8g Grubbs 2代催化剂(0.2mol)在70℃的反应釜中反应5h得到去除悬吊链的植物油。将去除悬吊链的植物油与356g N-溴代琥珀酰(2mol)、二甲基亚砜(250mL)在70℃的反应釜中反应5h得到产物a4。将产物a4与9.12g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.06mol)、乙醚(150mL)在室温下反应26h得到产物b4,作为组分Ⅰ。232g 3-氧代丙酸乙酯(2mol)和甲苯(150mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率1.0mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率5.5mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(52mL)中,保持反应停留8min,于常压和130℃下进行反应得到蓖麻油c4。将c4与53g Pd/C(0.5mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应12h,经过水洗得到蓖麻油多元醇d4。
(2)聚氨酯弹性体的制备
第一组分包括:100份蓖麻油多元醇d4,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份蓖麻油多元醇c4或者d4与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
实施例5
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
取212g玉米油(含双键1mol),56g乙烯(2mol)、42.45g Grubbs 2代催化剂(0.05mol)在60℃的反应釜中反应3h得到去除悬吊链的植物油。将去除悬吊链的植物油与267g N-溴代琥珀酰(1.5mol)、二甲基亚砜(210mL)在50℃的反应釜中反应4h得到产物a5。将产物a5与6.08g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.04mol)、乙醚(120mL)在室温下反应24h得到产物b5,作为组分Ⅰ。232g 3-氧代丙酸乙酯(2mol)和甲苯(135mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率1.0mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率5.0mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(42mL)中,保持反应停留7min,于常压和110℃下进行反应得到玉米油多元醇c5。将产物c5与47.7g Pd/C(0.45mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应10.5h,经过水洗得到玉米油多元醇d5。
(2)聚氨酯结构胶的制备
第一组分包括:100份玉米油多元醇d5,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份玉米油多元醇c5或者d5与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
对比例
(1)植物油多元醇的制备
取212g玉米油(含双键1mol)与267g N-溴代琥珀酰(1.5mol)、二甲基亚砜(210mL)在50℃的反应釜中反应4h得到产物A1。将产物A1与6.08g 1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯(DBU)(0.04mol)、乙醚(120mL)在室温下反应24h得到产物B1,作为组分Ⅰ。232g 3-氧代丙酸乙酯(2mol)和甲苯(135mL)的混合物作为组分Ⅱ。将组分Ⅰ以进样速率0.8mL/min与组分Ⅱ以进样速率4.5mL/min同时泵入第一微混合器中,混合后泵入第一微反应器(34.45mL)中,保持反应停留6.5min,于常压和110℃下进行反应得到玉米油多元醇C1。将C1与47.7g Pd/C(0.45mol)在持续通氢气的条件下反应10.5h,经过水洗得到玉米油多元醇D1。
(2)聚氨酯弹性体的制备
第一组分包括:100份玉米油多元醇D1,水2.4份,二氯甲烷9.6份,1-甲基-3-丁基咪唑三氟乙酸盐离子液体2份,2,2-二羟甲基丁醇1.5份。第二组分为TDI80/20(2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯:2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯=80:20)。
聚氨酯弹性体的制备方法为:将第一组分中所有物质按所述重量比混合均匀,保持温度在25℃,用高速分散机,转速为1000r/min,搅拌10min;将第二组分保持温度在25℃;将步骤(1)和步骤(2)所得物料按照质量比为1:0.7混合泵入到水平发泡机的混合头中,混合搅拌5s,搅拌速度控制在5000r/min,连续喷入到模具中发泡,经过120s发泡成型,在室温下熟化8h后得到聚氨酯弹性体。
(3)聚氨酯涂料的制备
将65份玉米油多元醇C1或者D1与60份异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)在5份丙酮中混合并加入2份二月桂酸二丁基锡,于50℃温度下反应2小时得预聚体混合液。向预聚体混合液中加入15份环氧树脂ⅰ、18份阻燃剂酪蛋白和9份亲水扩链剂二羟基半酯,于50℃温度下反应3小时得聚合体混合液。将聚合体混合液降温至30℃后加入25份中和剂三乙胺把聚合体混合液中和至中性,加入30份去离子水高速剪切乳化形成聚氨酯乳液。将聚氨酯乳液减压蒸馏除去丙酮得到水性聚氨酯涂料。
本发明对各实施例所制备的植物油多元醇、聚氨酯弹性体、聚氨酯涂料的相关测定方法如下:
(1)根据GB/T 12008.7-2010测定植物油多元醇的粘度;
(2)根据GB/T 12008.3-2009测定植物油多元醇的羟值;
(3)根据GB/T 6343-2009测定聚氨酯弹性体的密度;
(4)根据GB/T 2411-1980测定聚氨酯弹性体的邵氏硬度;
(5)根据GB/T 6669-2008测定聚氨酯弹性体的回弹性;
(6)根据GB/T 6344-2008测定聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸强度;
(7)根据GB/T 6344-2008测定聚氨酯弹性体的断裂伸长率;
(8)根据GB/T 10808-2006测定聚氨酯弹性体的撕裂强度。
(9)根据GB/T 1728-1979(1989)测定涂料的实干时间;
(10)根据GB/T 9754-1988测定涂料的60°光泽;
(11)根据GB/T 1730-1993测定涂料的摆杆硬度;
(12)根据GB/T 1732-1993测定涂料的耐冲击性;
(13)根据GB/T 1731-1993测定涂料的柔韧性;
(14)根据GB/T 1733-1993测定涂料的耐水性。
实施例1-5与对比例制备得到的植物油多元醇的性能指标见表1,制备得到的植物油基聚氨酯弹性体的性能指标见表2,制备得到的植物油基聚氨酯涂料的性能指标见表3。
表1
Figure BDA0002914901150000111
从表1可以看出:对比例去掉了反应步骤中去除植物油悬吊链的步骤,其他步骤与实施例1一样。由实施例1-5和对比例可以知道,将植物油中的悬吊链去除后,能够使得植物油多元醇的粘度、羟值显著降低,多元醇的羟值(119-150mgKOH/g)和粘度(530-1986mPa.s)适中,可替代传统多元醇,用于聚氨酯弹性体和聚氨酯涂料的制备,使得部分聚氨酯材料的性能变得更优异。其中,实施例c1、d1是最佳实施例,植物油多元醇的性能最优:粘度、羟值均是最小的。
表2
Figure BDA0002914901150000121
从表2可以看出:对比例去掉了反应步骤中去除植物油悬吊链的步骤,其他步骤与实施例1一样。由实施例1-5和对比例可以知道,将植物油中的悬吊链去除后,能够显著提升聚氨酯弹性体的回弹性、拉伸强度、断裂伸长率以及撕裂强度。其中,实施例d1是最佳实施例,聚氨酯弹性体的性能最优:密度、邵氏硬度最小,回弹性最好,拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度最大。
表3
Figure BDA0002914901150000122
从表3可以看出:对比例去掉了反应步骤中去除植物油悬吊链的步骤,其他步骤与实施例1一样。由实施例1-5和对比例可以知道,将植物油中的悬吊链去除后,能够显著提升聚氨酯涂料的实干时间、60°光泽、摆杆硬度、耐冲击性、柔韧性、耐水性。其中,实施例c1:聚氨酯涂料柔韧性最好、实干时间短、光泽度好、硬度大、耐水性好;实施例d1:聚氨酯涂料耐冲击性最好、实干时间短、光泽度好、硬度大、耐水性好。
本发明提供了一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇及其制备方法与应用的思路及方法,具体实现该技术方案的方法和途径很多,以上所述仅是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也应视为本发明的保护范围。本实施例中未明确的各组成部分均可用现有技术加以实现。

Claims (10)

1.一种去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤:
(1)将植物油与乙烯、Grubbs 2代催化剂在反应釜中反应得到去除悬吊链的植物油;
(2)将步骤(1)得到的植物油与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺、二甲基亚砜在反应釜中反应得到产物a;
(3)将步骤(2)得到的产物a与乙醚、1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯在反应釜中反应得到产物b;
(4)将步骤(3)得到的产物b作为组分Ⅰ,醛与甲苯制成的混合液作为组分Ⅱ,分别同时泵入微通道模块化反应装置的第一微混合器中进行混合,混合后泵入第一微反应器进行反应得到植物油多元醇c;
(5)将步骤(4)得到的植物油多元醇c与Pd/C催化剂、氢气在反应釜中进行氢化反应即得。
2.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(1)中,所述的植物油为大豆油、玉米油、花生油、蓖麻油中的任意一种;植物油中的双键、乙烯、Grubbs 2代催化剂的反应摩尔比为1:(1-2):(0:05-0.2),反应温度为50-70℃,反应时间为2-4h。
3.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(2)中,所述步骤(1)得到的植物油与N-溴代琥珀酰亚胺的反应摩尔比为1:(1-2),反应温度为40-70℃,反应时间3-5h。
4.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(3)中,所述步骤(2)得到的产物a与1,8-二氮杂二环十一碳-7-烯的反应摩尔比为1:(0.02-0.06),反应时间20-26h。
5.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述的醛为3-氧代丙酸乙酯、3-氧代丙酸甲酯、2-苯基乙醛中的任意一种;组分Ⅰ中产物b与组分Ⅱ中的醛的反应摩尔比为1:2。
6.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(4)中,所述组分Ⅰ泵入微通道模块化反应装置的流速为0.5-1.0mL/min;所述组分Ⅱ泵入微通道模块化反应装置的流速为2.0-5.5mL/min;二者于第一微反应器中反应温度为100-130℃,反应停留5-8min。
7.根据权利要求1所述的去除悬吊链的植物油多元醇的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤(5)中,所述步骤(4)得到的产物c与Pd/C催化剂的反应摩尔比为1:(0.3-0.5),通入氢气,保持反应釜压力在1MPa,反应时间为8-12h。
8.权利要求1~7中任意一项制备方法制备得到的植物油多元醇。
9.权利要求8所述的植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯弹性体中的应用。
10.权利要求8所述的植物油多元醇在制备聚氨酯涂料中的应用。
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