CN112776631A - 电动和/或混合动力车辆的多端口和多方向功率转换系统 - Google Patents
电动和/或混合动力车辆的多端口和多方向功率转换系统 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/14—Conductive energy transfer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
- B60L53/22—Constructional details or arrangements of charging converters specially adapted for charging electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
- B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
- B60L53/12—Inductive energy transfer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
- H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
- H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
- H02M3/33584—Bidirectional converters
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- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
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- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于电动和/或混合动力车辆的多端口和多方向功率转换系统,该系统包括:具有至少三个绕组的变压器;至少三个功率模块,各个功率模块连接到变压器的绕组之一;控制单元,配置适于控制各个功率模块的操作,并且动态地选择至少两个功率模块以在它们之间传递功率,并且其中,控制单元另外配置适于通过设定所述至少两个功率模块之间的电压相移来控制所述至少两个功率模块之间的功率传递方向以用于传递功率。本发明的功率转换系统可利用数量减少的组件来制造,从而降低了制造成本和尺寸并增加了效率和系统性能。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在多个端口(类似在不同或相同的电压下操作的电源和/或负载)之间转换和传递电功率的电子功率转换系统。该系统优选适于集成在电动和/或混合动力车辆中。
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够在电动车辆的多个端口之间进行多方向功率转换和能量传递的功率转换系统。
本发明的功率转换系统可利用数量减少的组件制造,从而降低制造成本和尺寸并且增加效率和系统性能。
背景技术
车辆电气系统集成了在相同或不同的dc标称电压下操作的各种设备或子系统。例如,电动和混合动力车辆包含在高压(通常在从250伏至450伏或从350伏至800伏的范围内)下操作以通过逆变器激励牵引系统的牵引电池、热系统以及向需要较低压的车载设备供应低压功率的辅助电池。最普遍的标称低压是12V和48V,其与汽车环境中通常使用的设备对应。
因此,在电动车辆和/混合电动车辆中通常集成了若干电压电平及其所需充电系统,即,高压电池、低压电池、牵引逆变器总线等。在这些不同的电压端口之间通过功率模块,通常是dc/dc转换器并且通常一个ac/dc转换器作为PFC来传递功率。
图1示出传统电动车辆系统,其包括从电网对电动或混合动力车辆进行再充电的子系统以及其它若干车辆电动子系统。可使用替代充电系统来进行牵引电池的外部充电,例如通过包括功率因数校正(PFC)的ac/dc转换器从电网直接充电、通过dc/dc转换器从电网直接充电、通过无线充电器充电等等。反过来,电动和混合动力车辆能够从牵引电池,或者甚至在外部充电期间从外部电源对辅助电池进行充电,因此,提供特定功率转换器以用于内部子系统之间的这种功率转换。
低压辅助电池也可用于向高压牵引电池传递功率,并且为了该功率传递,必须提供另一dc/dc功率转换器。此外,牵引电池也可用于向车载电子设备供电,从而包含另一dc/dc转换器以将牵引电池的电压降低至车载设备的标称电压。
因此,在车辆中集成了不同拓扑的多个功率转换器。传统上由于其宽电压增益而使用LLC谐振拓扑来实现转换器,然而这些转换器仅允许单向功率流。图2A、图2B示出传统上用于在车辆中的不同电源/负载之间单独传递功率的现有技术LLC转换器。
传统方法是针对各个电压转换速率要求提供具有不同拓扑配置的特定转换器,从而必须提供多个不同的功率转换器来在不同电源和负载之间转换和传递功率,因此,两个或更多个转换器连接到同一电源或负载。
该传统方法导致具有大量组件(功率半导体、变压器、微控制器、传感器、连接器引线、外壳等)的复杂电路,从而出现许多冗余,从而增加了制造成本和复杂度。
发明内容
本发明令人满意地解决了现有技术的上述缺点,提供了一种用于包括不同或相同电压的若干端口的电动和/或混合动力车辆的功率转换系统,其能够在端口之间在任何方向上不明显地传递和转换功率,并且端口之间的模块数量减少。
功率转换系统包括具有至少三个绕组的变压器和至少三个功率模块,每一个功率模块分别连接到变压器的绕组之一,以使得功率模块彼此电隔离。变压器的各个绕组可具有不同的匝数以生成不同的电压或者可具有相同的匝数以生成相同的电压,并且各个功率模块可以是用于功率输入或输出的端口。
该系统另外包括控制单元,其配置适于例如通过PWM控制来控制每一个功率模块的操作(即,功率转换过程)。控制单元另外配置适于操作功率模块以在两个或更多个功率模块之间传递功率。控制单元配置另外适于在功率模块之间的功率传递期间选择功率流的方向。控制单元通过设定正在其间传递功率的一对功率模块之间的相移来实现该功能。
利用上面限定的架构,所有功率模块共用仅一个变压器和仅一个控制单元。与现有技术相反,仅一个转换的功率连接到各个电源或负载,因此组件的数量和系统的复杂度显著降低。
该系统包括电感器,其串联连接在正在其间传递功率的一对功率模块之间。这可通过在至少一个功率模块中包含电感器来实现。在这种情况下,仅一个功率模块包含有电感器以用于在没有电感器的功率模块之间传递功率,控制单元配置适于通过具有电感器的功率模块来在那两个功率模块之间传递功率。另外,作为高频漏感或者当需要少量L时,电感器可被集成在变压器中。
在另一优选实施方式中,每一个功率模块包含有电感器。
控制单元还配置适于控制或改变在其间传递功率的任一对功率模块的占空比,以用于控制这一对功率模块的开关频率和对应模块之间的电压相位。控制单元以相同的开关频率操作一对功率模块。
功率模块由半桥或全桥组成。
半桥可具有两个输入/输出端子以及包括串联连接在这两个端子之间的两个开关装置的第一支路和包括串联连接在这两个端子之间的两个电容器的第二支路,因此,这两个支路并联连接。所转换的半桥功率分别在两个半导体开关装置之间的中心连接线处以及两个电容器之间的中心连接处连接到变压器的绕组的两个端子。
另一半桥可由两个开关以及通过第一端连接到两个开关之间的中心连接线的一个电容器组成。变压器绕组还连接到电容器的第二端和第一支路的一端。不排除其它半桥拓扑。
全桥模块具有:两个输入/输出端子;第一和第二支路,各个支路包括串联连接在两个端子之间的两个半导体开关装置;以及第三支路,其包括连接在两个端子之间的电容器,因此,三个支路并联连接。所转换的全桥功率分别在两个半导体开关装置之间的中心连接线处连接到变压器的绕组的两个端子。
在优选实施方式中,一个功率模块配置适于(通过其输入/输出端子)与电动和/或混合动力车辆的牵引电池连接,另一功率模块配置适于(通过其输入/输出端子)与电动和/或混合动力车辆的低压电池连接。另外,一个功率模块配置适于(通过其输入/输出端子)与外部充电系统连接以用于对电动和/或混合动力车辆进行充电。
附图说明
以下参照附图描述本发明的优选实施方式,附图中:
图1示出传统电动车辆系统,其包括从电网对电动或混合动力车辆进行再充电的子系统以及其它若干车辆电动子系统。
图2A和图2B示出根据现有技术的传统LLC拓扑。
图3和图4示出根据本发明的功率模块系统的示例的两个电气图。在图4中,考虑到至少两个功率模块或者甚至所有功率模块可同时操作,箭头表示用于传递和/或转换功率的不同路径。
图5A、图5B和图5C示出表示两个功率模块之间的电压转换以及在该过程期间执行的相移控制的三个曲线图。
具体实施方式
图3是根据本发明的多端口和多方向功率转换系统(1)的示例,其特别适于集成在电动和/或混合动力车辆中。系统(1)包括:变压器(2),其具有至少三个绕组(2a,2b,2c),在图中出现“n”个绕组(2a,2b,2c,…,2n);至少三个功率模块(3a,3b,3c),在图中出现分别连接到变压器(2)的一个绕组(2a,2b,2c,…,2n)的n个功率模块(3a,3b,3c,…,3n)。更具体地,第一功率模块(3a)连接到变压器(2)的第一绕组(2a),在400V下操作并且适于与高压牵引电池连接,第二功率模块(3b)与变压器(2)的第二绕组(2b)连接,也在400V下操作,并且适于连接到外部充电系统。第三功率模块(3c)连接到变压器(2)的第三绕组(2c),在12V下操作,并且适于与车辆的低压电池连接。各个功率模块是系统(1)的端口。附加n模块(3n)可连接到变压器(2)的n绕组(2n),适于连接到任何电动车辆系统。
第一和第二功率模块(3a,3b)是半桥,其具有:两个输入/输出端子(a1,a2,b1,b2);第一支路,其包括两个半导体开关装置,在这种情况下串联连接在两个端子(a1,a2,b1,b2)之间的两个功率晶体管(Mosfet)(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4);以及第二支路,其包括分别串联在两个端子(a1,a2,b1,b2)之间的两个电容器(Cdc1,Cdc2,Cdc3,Cdc4)。两个半桥功率模块(3a,3b)分别在两个半导体开关装置(Q1,Q2,Q3,Q4)之间的中心连接线处以及两个电容器(Cdc1,Cdc2,Cdc3,Cdc4)之间的中心连接线处分别连接到变压器(2)的第一和第二绕组(2a,2b)的两个端子。
电感器(L)串联连接在变压器(2)的第一绕组(2a)与第一功率模块(3a)的功率晶体管(Q1,Q2)之间的中心连接线之间。作为高频电感器(L)或者当需要少量L时,可考虑变压器(2)的漏感。
第三功率模块(3c)是全桥,其具有两个输入/输出端子(C1,C2)以及第一和第二支路,各个支路包括串联连接的两个功率晶体管(第一支路中(Q5,Q7),第二支路中(Q6,Q8)),并且各个支路并联连接在两个端子(C1,C2)之间。第三功率模块(3c)具有第三支路,其包括连接在两个端子(C1,C2)之间的电容器(Clv)。全桥功率模块分别在成对的功率晶体管(Q5,Q7)和(Q6,Q8)之间的两个支路的中心连接线处连接到变压器(2)的第三绕组(2c)的两个端子。
电容器(Cdc)串联连接在变压器(2c)的绕组与同一支路的功率晶体管(Q6,Q8)之间的中心连接线之间。
在本发明的其它实际实现方式中,三个或更多个功率模块(半桥或全桥型)可各自连接到变压器(2)的三个或更多个绕组并在N电压下操作,如图3的功率模块(3n)所表示的。
提供类似可编程电子控制器的控制单元(4)(例如,与功率模块(3a)集成),其适于通过按本领域技术人员已知的方式接通和断开功率晶体管来控制各个功率模块(3a,3b,3c,…,3n)的转换操作。可经由类似光电驱动器的隔离驱动器来执行功率晶体管驱动。
优选地,各个模块的隔离电压和电流测量被提供给控制单元(4)。
可选地,继电器连接在各个功率模块的输入处,以启用或禁用特定功率模块。另外,继电器可被置于绕组与功率模块之间以完全断开该模块。
控制单元(4)另外适于动态地选择至少一对功率模块以用于在该对功率模块之间传递功率。根据车辆的具体情况的要求,所有功率模块(3a,3b,3c,3n)可同时操作。
此外,控制单元(4)适于在功率传递期间设定占空比并设定任一对功率模块的开关频率。所选一对功率模块按相同的开关频率操作。
在图3的实现方式中,仅第一功率模块(3a)设置有电感器(L),因此用于例如在第二和第三功率模块(3b,3c)之间传递功率,控制单元(4)适于通过第一功率模块(3a)在那些功率模块之间传递功率,因此总是通过至少一个电感器(L)传递功率。在这种情况下,首先通过第一功率模块(3a)从第二功率模块(3b)向高压电池传递功率,然后通过第三功率模块(3c)将功率从高压电池最终传递到低压电池。
在其它实现方式中,两个或更多个功率模块设置有按照上面针对第一功率模块(3a)描述的相同方式连接的串联电感器(L)。为此,电感器可包含在一个或更多个功率模块中,或者如果变压器的内部漏感的值适合于特定操作频率范围,则可使用该漏感。
在图4中,功率模块(3a)设置有电感器(L),并且由于以高频工作或者需要低电感以便于能量传递而被认为适合于使用变压器的漏感(Ln)的功率模块(3n)使用变压器的漏感(Ln)作为电感器,并且通过至少一个电感器传递功率的两个功率模块的所有可能组合由图4中的箭头指示。
利用上述架构,如车辆操作期间的任何特定时刻所要求的,控制单元(4)动态地操作功率模块以在至少两个功率模块之间传递功率,如图4的箭头所指示。
如图5A、图5B和图5C中所表示的,控制单元(4)另外适于通过设定两个功率模块之间的电压相移来控制两个功率模块之间的功率传递方向以用于传递功率。相移越大,传递越多功率,直至达到最大可用电压相移(占空比的一半)。
通过设定电压相移(φ),动态地选择功率传递方向,因此其可根据需要反转。
图5A示出从连接到功率因数校正(PFC)装置的第二功率模块(3b)到连接到高压电池的第一功率模块(3a)的功率传递,端子(a1,a2)处的这种电压信号VHVBat相对于端子(b1,b2)处的电压信号VPFC延迟了相移(φ1)。图中还表示了通过电感器(iL)的电流。
类似地,图5B示出从连接到高压电池的第一功率模块(3a)到连接到低压电池的第三功率模块(3c)的功率传递,端子(c1,c2)处的这种电压信号VLVBat相对于端子(a1,a2)处的电压信号VHVBat延迟了相移(φ2)。图中还表示了通过电感器(iL)的电流。
最后,图5C示出从连接到低压电池的第三功率模块(3c)到连接到高压电池的第一功率模块(3a)的功率传递,端子(a1,a2)处的这种电压信号VHVBat相对于端子(c1,c2)处的电压VLVBat延迟了相移(φ3)。
在所附从属权利要求以及那些权利要求的多个组合中描述了本发明的其它优选实施方式。
Claims (11)
1.一种用于电动和/或混合动力车辆的多端口和多方向功率转换系统,该系统包括:
具有至少三个绕组的变压器,
至少三个功率模块,各个功率模块连接到所述变压器的所述绕组之一,以及
控制单元,其配置适于控制所述功率模块中的各个功率模块的操作,并且动态地选择至少两个功率模块以在所述至少两个功率模块之间传递功率,
其中,所述控制单元另外配置适于通过设定所述至少两个功率模块之间的电压相移来控制所述至少两个功率模块之间的功率传递方向以用于传递功率。
2.根据权利要求1所述的功率转换系统,该功率转换系统还包括串联连接在所选择的用于功率传递的至少两个功率模块之间或者作为所述变压器的漏感的电感器。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述控制单元还配置适于控制所选择的用于功率传递的至少两个功率模块中的任一个的占空比。
4.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述控制单元还配置适于控制所述选择的用于功率传递的至少两个功率模块的开关频率并且还配置适于以相同的开关频率操作所选择的至少两个功率模块。
5.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述功率模块选自以下列表:(i)半桥或(ii)全桥。
6.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述功率模块之一配置适于与电动和/或混合动力车辆的牵引电池连接,并且另一功率模块配置适于与电动和/或混合动力车辆的低压电池连接,并且其中,一个功率模块配置适于与外部充电系统连接以用于对电动和/或混合动力车辆进行充电。
7.根据权利要求2所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述变压器仅具有三个绕组,并且其中,所述电感器串联连接在绕组的一个端子和与该绕组连接的所述功率模块之间。
8.根据权利要求7所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述控制单元另外配置适于控制所述功率模块的操作以通过第三功率模块在第一功率模块和第二功率模块之间传递功率,并且在所述第一功率模块至所述第三功率模块之间以及从所述第三功率模块至所述第二功率模块传递功率。
9.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述功率模块中的至少一个是半桥,该半桥具有两个输入/输出端子以及第一支路和第二支路,该第一支路包括串联连接在所述两个端子之间的两个开关装置,该第二支路包括串联连接在所述两个端子之间的两个电容器,并且其中,所述半桥分别在所述两个开关装置之间的中心连接线处和所述两个电容器之间的中心连接线处连接到所述变压器的绕组的两个端子。
10.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述功率模块中的至少一个是半桥,该半桥具有第一支路,该第一支路包括两个开关装置以及通过第一端连接到所述两个开关装置之间的中心连接线的一个电容器,并且其中,变压器绕组还连接到所述电容器的第二端和所述第一支路的一端。
11.根据前述权利要求中的任一项所述的功率转换系统,其中,所述功率模块中的至少一个是全桥功率模块,该全桥功率模块具有两个输入/输出端子、第一支路和第二支路以及第三支路,所述第一支路和第二支路中的各个支路包括串联连接在所述两个端子之间的两个半导体开关装置,所述第三支路包括连接在所述两个端子之间的电容器,并且其中,所转换的全桥功率分别在所述两个半导体开关装置之间的中心连接线处连接到所述变压器的绕组的两个端子。
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