CN1127755A - 膦酸酯的制备方法 - Google Patents

膦酸酯的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN1127755A
CN1127755A CN95115219.XA CN95115219A CN1127755A CN 1127755 A CN1127755 A CN 1127755A CN 95115219 A CN95115219 A CN 95115219A CN 1127755 A CN1127755 A CN 1127755A
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acid ester
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phosphonic acid
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K·迪特里希
W·克劳斯
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    • C07ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/547Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom
    • C07F9/655Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms
    • C07F9/6552Heterocyclic compounds, e.g. containing phosphorus as a ring hetero atom having oxygen atoms, with or without sulfur, selenium, or tellurium atoms, as the only ring hetero atoms the oxygen atom being part of a six-membered ring
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    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4003Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4015Esters of acyclic unsaturated acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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    • C07FACYCLIC, CARBOCYCLIC OR HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING ELEMENTS OTHER THAN CARBON, HYDROGEN, HALOGEN, OXYGEN, NITROGEN, SULFUR, SELENIUM OR TELLURIUM
    • C07F9/00Compounds containing elements of Groups 5 or 15 of the Periodic Table
    • C07F9/02Phosphorus compounds
    • C07F9/28Phosphorus compounds with one or more P—C bonds
    • C07F9/38Phosphonic acids [RP(=O)(OH)2]; Thiophosphonic acids ; [RP(=X1)(X2H)2(X1, X2 are each independently O, S or Se)]
    • C07F9/40Esters thereof
    • C07F9/4003Esters thereof the acid moiety containing a substituent or a structure which is considered as characteristic
    • C07F9/4056Esters of arylalkanephosphonic acids

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Abstract

在催化量卤化供离子化合物(III)存在下,将亚磷酸酯II进行重排反应来制备式I膦酸酯。
上述通式中A是芳香基,或α,β-不饱和烯烃基团,而R1是C1-C4烷基或苯基。该化合物I用作有机合成之中间体,特别用于多烯类合成。

Description

膦酸酯的制备方法
本发明涉及由通式II的亚磷酸酯制备通式I的膦酸酯的方法,
Figure A9511521900041
其中A是芳香基团或α、β-不饱和烯烃基团,而R1是C1-C4烷基或苯基。
本发明还涉及以式IV亚磷酸酯为原料制备式I膦酸酯的方法,以及涉及某些新的式I膦酸酯。
众所周知,用类似于"Wittig反应"的反应方法,式I膦酸酯可与羰基化合物反应,得到不饱和烯烃化合物,正如Tetrahedron Lett.31(1990),3129所述。该反应特别用于精细化学品和活性化合物,例如维生素的合成。
到目前为止,这些化合物的已知制备方法是,将亚磷酸三烷基酯和卤代烃进行Michaelis-Arbusov反应(A.Michaelis和R。Kaehne,Ber.31(1898),1048)。该反应不可避免地要产生等摩尔量的无用卤代烷。因此,根据EP-A 430807,该膦酸酯可由溴化合物:和亚磷酸三乙酯制备,得
Figure A9511521900052
过去人们曾作过多种尝试,来避免烷基膦酸酯合成过程中不可避免产生的卤代烃。于是根据BE-A 803856,在催化量的碘甲烷存在下,可将下式亚磷酸酯,
Figure A9511521900053
(其中R′是链相对较长的基团,而Me是甲基)进行重排反应,得到膦酸酯,而该甲基总是转移到磷上、即形成下式类型的膦酸酯:进一步人们希望直接使用醇或酯,而不用通常以相应的醇或有机酸的酯来制备的有机卤化物。
本发明的目的是以比现有技术技术上更简单和更经济的方式制备化合物I。
本发明人发现,通过在催化量卤化供离子化合物(III)存在下,使通式II亚磷酸酯,
Figure A9511521900061
进行重排反应得到I,这种制备通式I膦酸酯的方法,可达到本发明的上述目的,
Figure A9511521900062
上述两通式中A是芳香基团,或α、β不饱和烯烃基团,而R1是C1-C4烷基或苯基。
起始原料化合物II是已知的,或通过本身已知的方法可获得。特别有利的是,在碱存在下,将通式IV的亚磷酸酯
Figure A9511521900063
与通式V的醇或酯反应得到II
        A-CH2-O-R2    V其中R2是氢,C1-C4烷基羰基,优选乙酰基或苯甲酰基。
假如A是α,β-不饱和烯烃基团,那么起始化合物V一般是含有烯丙醇结构的醇或酯。
对于特别期望的产物I来说,优选基团A为通式VI的此类化合物,
Figure A9511521900071
其中R3是氢或C1-C4烷基而R4和R5分别是氢,烷基、链烯基、芳基、杂芳基、二烷氧甲基或烷氧羰基。
特别重要的式V化合物是3-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-2-基)-2-丁烯醇,
Figure A9511521900072
3-(5,5-二甲基-1,3-二噁烷-2-基)-2-甲基丙烯醇,
Figure A9511521900073
和香叶醇,
假如A是芳香基团,则该醇或酯从苯甲醇衍生而来,苯基和卤素、烷氧基、烷基或全氟烷基取代的苯基是特别重要的A基团。
用于酯基转移的特别适合的通式IV亚磷酸酯,是从容易挥发之醇衍生的此类化合物,即优选亚磷酸三甲酯和亚磷酸三乙酯。商品亚磷酸三苯酯也适合于酯基转移反应。
为了抑制多酯基转移,所用亚磷酸酯与化合物V之摩尔比为1∶1—3∶1,优选1∶1—2∶1。
在制备II的反应中,叔胺、碱土金属氢氧化物,尤其是碱金属氢氧化物作为碱使用较有利。碱金属和碱土金属醇化物也适合,而其中C1-C4烷基醇的此类化合物特别适合。碱的优选用量按II的量计为l-100,优选20-100mol%。
制备II和I的反应可在极性溶剂存在下进行,例如二甲基甲酰胺,或烷基醇溶剂,特别是C1-C4烷基醇。在某些情况下,水也适合。但该反应优选在无溶剂条件下进行。
在反应中形成的混合亚磷酸酯II可被分离,或者无需分离,直接转换成膦酸酯I更好。在上述反应中,存在着催化量的卤化供离子化合物III。特别适宜的卤化供离子化合物III是碘化合物,例如碱金属和碱土金属碘化物、尤其是碘化锂和元素碘。而相应的氯化物和溴化物也适宜。化合物III之量优选占化合物II之量的0.01-10mol%,特另是0.1-5mol%。
该反应于升温进行有利,特别是80-160℃反应结束时间为0.5-16小时,一般是1-10小时。如果从所用亚磷酸酯IV形成的醇,或者所说醇的羧酸酯容易挥发则可以将其蒸出。该粗产物可用已知方法提纯,优选分馏法,尤其是减压分馏。
              实施例1-11a)通过分离混合亚磷酸酯II制备膦酸酯I
1.制备混合亚磷酸酯
将1mol式V醇或酯,2mol亚磷酸三乙酯IV和30mmol叔丁醇钾(其中使用的是醇)或50mmol甲醇纳(其中使用的是酯)混合物加热至90℃,然后在3小时中升温至140℃,乙醇和乙酸乙酯开始被蒸出。于120℃/15mbar条件下、经2小时蒸馏,将过量的亚磷酸三乙酯分离,此后亚磷酸酯II经分馏提纯。
2.亚磷酸酯重排得到膦酸酯
将1mol步骤1所得亚磷酸酯II和10mmol碘化锂或1mmol碘于140℃加热2小时。经分馏可得膦酸酯I。b)以亚磷酸酯IV为原料制备I
将1mol式V醇或酯、2mol亚磷酸三乙酯,30mmol叔丁醇钾和10mmol碘化锂加热至90℃。乙醇开始蒸出,每半小时升温10℃,经3小时,最后温度达140℃。然后蒸出过量的亚磷酸三乙酯,将残余物于140℃加热3小时。分馏获得产物。
这些实验的细节和其结果示于下表:
Figure A9511521900101
Figure A9511521900111

Claims (7)

1.制备式I膦酸酯的方法,其中A是芳香基或α,β-不饱和烯烃基团,而R1是C1-C4烷基或苯基,该方法为,在催化量卤化供离子化合物III存在下,将式II亚磷酸酯进行重排反应。
2.权利要求1的膦酸酯I制备方法,其中,将式IV亚磷酸酯,
Figure A9511521900023
与式V醇或酯,
        A-CH2-O-R2    V(式中R2是氢,C1-C4烷基羰基或苯甲酰基),在碱存在下进行反应,得到II,然后不将其从反应混合物中分离出,利用催化量卤化供离子化合物III进行重排反应,得到化合物I。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法,其中用于制备膦酸酯I的A基团为下述式VI基团,
Figure A9511521900031
其中R3是氢或C1-C4烷基,而R4和R5各自分别为氢,烷基,链烯基,芳基,杂芳基,二烷氧甲基或烷氧羰基。
4.权利要求1-3任意之一的方法,其中用于制备的化合物I中的R1是乙基。
5.权利要求1-4任意之一的方法,其中使用碘供离子化合物作为所述的卤化供离子化合物III。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中使用碱金属碘化物或碘作为碘化供离子化合物。
7.下式的膦酸酯,
Figure A9511521900032
其中R1是C1-C4烷基或苯基。
CN95115219.XA 1994-07-27 1995-07-27 膦酸酯的制备方法 Pending CN1127755A (zh)

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Cited By (4)

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CN103073581A (zh) * 2013-01-16 2013-05-01 湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司 一种烷基膦酸二烷基酯的合成方法
CN103270042A (zh) * 2010-12-24 2013-08-28 罗地亚(中国)投资有限公司 携带至少一个膦酸酯或次膦酸酯基团的芳香族化合物、其制备方法以及用途
CN105237567A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-13 河北工业大学 一种含芳甲基膦酸酯的制备方法
CN108707164A (zh) * 2018-07-05 2018-10-26 营口风光新材料股份有限公司 一种亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂38的合成方法

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DE102005045150A1 (de) * 2005-09-22 2007-04-05 Basf Coatings Ag Verwendung von Phosphonsäurediestern und Diphosphonsäurediestern sowie thermisch härtbare Gemische, enthaltend Phosphonsäurediester und Diphosphonsäurediester
DE102006024823A1 (de) * 2006-05-29 2007-12-06 Basf Coatings Ag Verwendung von härtbaren Gemischen, enthaltend silangruppenhaltige Verbindungen sowie Phosphonsäurediester oder Diphosphonsäurediester, als Haftvermittler
DE102007014720A1 (de) * 2007-03-23 2008-09-25 Basf Coatings Japan Ltd., Yokohama Phosphonat-haltiges Zweikomponenten-Lacksystem, dessen Herstellung und Verwendung

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Cited By (7)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103270042A (zh) * 2010-12-24 2013-08-28 罗地亚(中国)投资有限公司 携带至少一个膦酸酯或次膦酸酯基团的芳香族化合物、其制备方法以及用途
CN103270042B (zh) * 2010-12-24 2015-11-25 罗地亚(中国)投资有限公司 携带至少一个膦酸酯或次膦酸酯基团的芳香族化合物、其制备方法以及用途
CN103073581A (zh) * 2013-01-16 2013-05-01 湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司 一种烷基膦酸二烷基酯的合成方法
CN103073581B (zh) * 2013-01-16 2015-04-29 湖北兴发化工集团股份有限公司 一种烷基膦酸二烷基酯的合成方法
CN105237567A (zh) * 2015-11-09 2016-01-13 河北工业大学 一种含芳甲基膦酸酯的制备方法
CN105237567B (zh) * 2015-11-09 2017-09-29 河北工业大学 一种含芳甲基膦酸酯的制备方法
CN108707164A (zh) * 2018-07-05 2018-10-26 营口风光新材料股份有限公司 一种亚磷酸酯类抗氧剂38的合成方法

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DE4426561A1 (de) 1996-02-01
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EP0694555A1 (de) 1996-01-31
US5679804A (en) 1997-10-21

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