CN112772719A - 一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶及其制备方法 - Google Patents
一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶及其制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶制备方法,具体制备方法如下:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水按比例混合均匀后进行超声波萃取和离心分离,上清液醇沉取沉淀复溶后冻干,得到改性的可溶性膳食纤维;将其与蚕豆粉、白砂糖温水混合,进行巴氏灭菌、冰浴,再加入活化的发酵剂,恒温培养发酵,低温冷藏后熟。本发明提供一种采用纯蚕豆蛋白的发酵机理,添加胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维,利用双歧杆菌,嗜热链球菌杆菌和保加利亚杆菌等10种益生菌发酵,可得到色泽诱人,口感良好的产品,该产品可以复合益生菌及膳食纤维的特性,改善肠道菌群,具有保健功能,而且该产品不添加鲜牛奶或奶粉,更加低碳环保,尤其适合乳糖不耐受的人群。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于发酵技术领域,具体涉及一种胡萝卜改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶及其制备方法。
背景技术
食品植物蛋白的利用是世界的一大热点,植物性原料发酵食品的研究也一直是方兴未艾。植物基酸奶的浪潮开始在全世界范围悄然兴起,市场上的植物酸奶均以植物原料发酵制成,原料分很多种,如大豆、坚果、椰子这类富含植物蛋白的食物都可以作为植物酸奶的原料。蚕豆是豆科巢菜属草本作物,富含淀粉、蛋白质、纤维素、维生素、矿物质、原花色素及异黄酮等生物活性物质。我国是世界上蚕豆种植面积和总产量最大的国家,蚕豆蛋白含量高达25%~30%,仅次于大豆蛋白,含有人体必需的8种氨基酸,其氨基酸组成与人体所必需氨基酸比例接近,是一种优质的植物蛋白资源。植物酸奶可以为人体提供优质植物蛋白,同时,不含反式脂肪酸和胆固醇。植物酸奶比传统牛乳制作的酸奶更加低碳环保,尤其适合乳糖不耐受的人群。人们为寻找新卖点,在酸奶中添加益生菌、膳食纤维等功能性原料,具有维护益生菌生长和保持其活性稳定的作用,这成为当前酸奶产品新的趋势。
膳食纤维可分为可溶性膳食纤维与不可溶性膳食纤维,二者功能相近,但是也有不同,可溶性膳食纤维能量很低,吸水性强,能使人产生饱腹感,减缓糖被吸收的速度,对稳定糖尿病患者的病情有所帮助。还能与胆酸结合并随粪便排出,有助于降低胆固醇,减少因高胆固醇所衍生的心脏病、高血压等症状。不溶性膳食纤维在吸收胃及肠道里的水分之后会膨胀,进而促进排便,可降低患肠癌的风险,同时可吸收食物中的有毒物质,预防便秘和憩室炎,并有减少消化道中细菌、排出毒素的作用。
超声技术是近几年新兴的一种提取技术,能够有效改善溶剂浸提法周期长、浸提率低等缺点。主要是利用超声波在液体中产生的空化效应以及其对作用物产生的机械作用,从而达到对大分子达到机械性断键的效果,提高可溶性膳食纤维的得率。
胡萝卜是一种质脆味美、营养丰富的家常蔬菜,素有“小人参”之称。胡萝卜除了富含糖类、胡萝卜素、维生素A等营养成分外,也是膳食纤维的良好来源,因此,应用益生菌发酵含可溶性膳食纤维的复合乳产品。实现了胡萝卜膳食纤维的有效利用,创制色泽诱人,口感良好的健康产品,该产品可以复合益生菌及膳食纤维的特性,改善肠道菌群,具有保健功能。感官风味独特,将功能性食品休闲化,为人类的健康生活服务。
发明内容
针对现有技术中的不足与难题,本发明旨在提供一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶及其制备方法
本发明通过以下技术方案予以实现:
本发明提供一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)超声处理:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水以料液比为1:10~30混合均匀,置于超声波萃取仪中,超声功率为300-600W保持10min;
(2)提取可溶性膳食纤维:将步骤(1)得到胡萝卜悬浮液4800r/min离心10min,得到上清液,上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀12~24h,醇沉后混合物在4800r/min下离心10min,将残余物旋蒸至总体积的1/10,冷冻干燥精制为胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维;
(3)蚕豆复合浆料的制备:利用蚕豆粉制备复原浆料,将蚕豆粉与50~60℃超纯水以1:(3.5~4.5)(w/v)的比例混合均匀,然后加入5~10%的白砂糖并搅拌均匀;
(4)膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的制备:将步骤(2)中得到的可溶性膳食纤维以1%(w/v)加入步骤(3)得到的蚕豆复原浆料中,将发酵基料加热到85~90℃,保持8~10min,冰浴至40~45℃;
(5)添加发酵剂、灌装:预先活化混合益生发酵粉(1.00g冻干混合益生菌粉加10mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料4℃置于30min),将活化好的混合发酵液加入步骤(4)得到的500~700mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料中,搅拌均匀,封装至布丁瓶中;
(6)恒温发酵:42~50℃下恒温发酵7~8h,当pH为4.6时,停止发酵。
(7)冷藏后熟:将步骤(6)发酵好的酸奶放入4℃冰箱中,冷藏12~24h即得到成品。
进一步地,步骤(1)中,胡萝卜粉与超纯水的料水比优选1:15,超声功率优选400W。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,将蚕豆粉与50~60℃超纯水以1:4.5(w/v)。
进一步地,步骤(3)中,蚕豆复合浆料与白砂糖的比例优选10%(w/v)。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,混合发酵粉与膳食纤维复合乳的比例优选1:500(w/v)。
进一步地,步骤(5)中,冻干混合益生菌粉含有以下10个菌种:保加利亚杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Bulgaria)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcuslactis subsp.cremoris)、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium lactis)、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteorides subsp.cremoris)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcusthermophilus)、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactis biovardiacetylactis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilus acidophilus)、乳酸乳球亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactic)、干酪乳杆菌(L.cassei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)。
进一步地,步骤(6)中,恒温发酵的温度优选42℃。
本发明还提供了采用上述方法制备得到的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶。
与现有技术相比,本发明有益效果包括:
1.本发明以植物基—蚕豆粉为发酵为原料,不仅为人体提供优质植物蛋白、纤维素、维生素、矿物质、原花色素及异黄酮等生物活性物质,同时,不含反式脂肪酸和胆固醇,更适合乳糖不耐受的人群、素食主义者、牛奶蛋白过敏者以及轻食主义者等人群食用,满足消费者对口味多样化的追求。
2.本发明所添加的胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维也具有丰富的保健功效,可以缩短胃排空及食物通过消化道的时间,阻止如葡萄糖等营养素在小肠的消化吸收,从而防止餐后血糖的迅速升高,具有保健、养生、减肥和清理肠胃中垃圾的作用,不会引起乳糖不耐症状患者的过敏反应,不含胆固醇和乳糖,安全无副作用。
3.本发明中胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维采用超声法改性制备,绿色健康,成本低,得率高,制备工艺简单。制备的可溶性膳食纤维具有广阔的应用前景。
4.本发明选用保加利亚杆菌、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种等10种复合菌种作为益生菌进行发酵酸奶,可以改善人体肠道菌群,从而促进人体肠道健康。
5.本发明的膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶发酵方法工艺简单,色泽诱人,成本较低,感官评分高,并且能够产生独特的风味,酸奶发酵之后再进行冷藏后熟,可以保证酸奶凝固型的基础上,质地软硬适中均匀,口感良好,风味优良,因此,本发明的百胡萝卜膳食纤维益生菌蚕豆酸水牛奶及其制备方法有良好的应用前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明作进一步地说明。
实施例1
一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)超声处理:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水以料液比为1:10混合均匀,置于超声波萃取仪中,超声功率为300W保持10min;
(2)提取可溶性膳食纤维:将步骤(1)得到胡萝卜悬浮液4800r/min离心10min,得到上清液,上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀12h,醇沉后混合物在4800r/min下离心10min,将残余物旋蒸至总体积的1/10,冷冻干燥精制为胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维;
(3)蚕豆复合浆料的制备:利用蚕豆粉制备复原浆料,将蚕豆粉与50℃超纯水以1:3.5(w/v)的比例混合均匀,然后加入5%的白砂糖并搅拌均匀;
(4)膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的制备:将步骤(2)中得到的可溶性膳食纤维以1%(w/v)加入步骤(3)得到的蚕豆复原浆料中,将发酵基料加热到85℃,保持8min,冰浴至40℃;
(5)添加发酵剂、灌装:预先活化混合益生发酵粉,将1.00g冻干混合益生菌粉加10mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料4℃置于30min,将活化好的混合发酵液加入步骤(4)得到的500mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料中,搅拌均匀,封装至布丁瓶中;
(6)恒温发酵:42℃下恒温发酵7h,当pH为4.6时,停止发酵。
(7)冷藏后熟:将步骤(6)发酵好的酸奶放入4℃冰箱中,冷藏12h即得到成品。
步骤(5)冻干混合益生菌粉的为北京川秀科技有限公司的发酵剂1.0L型,含有以下10个菌种:保加利亚杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Bulgaria)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris)、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlactis)、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteorides subsp.cremoris)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种(Lactococcus lactissubsp.lactis biovar diacetylactis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilusacidophilus)、乳酸乳球亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactic)、干酪乳杆菌(L.cassei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)。
实施例2
一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)超声处理:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水以料液比为1:15混合均匀,置于超声波萃取仪中,超声功率为400W保持10min;
(2)提取可溶性膳食纤维:将步骤(1)得到胡萝卜悬浮液4800r/min离心10min,得到上清液,上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀18h,醇沉后混合物在4800r/min下离心10min,将残余物旋蒸至总体积的1/10,冷冻干燥精制为胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维;
(3)蚕豆复合浆料的制备:利用蚕豆粉制备复原浆料,将蚕豆粉与55℃超纯水以1:4.0(w/v)的比例混合均匀,然后加入7.5%的白砂糖并搅拌均匀;
(4)膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的制备:将步骤(2)中得到的可溶性膳食纤维以1%(w/v)加入步骤(3)得到的蚕豆复原浆料中,将发酵基料加热到87.5℃,保持9min,冰浴至42.5℃;
(5)添加发酵剂、灌装:预先活化混合益生发酵粉,将1.00g冻干混合益生菌粉加10mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料4℃置于30min,将活化好的混合发酵液加入步骤(4)得到的600mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料中,搅拌均匀,封装至布丁瓶中;
(6)恒温发酵:46℃下恒温发酵7.5h,当pH为4.6时,停止发酵。
(7)冷藏后熟:将步骤(6)发酵好的酸奶放入4℃冰箱中,冷藏18h即得到成品。
步骤(5)冻干混合益生菌粉的为北京川秀科技有限公司的发酵剂1.0L型,含有以下10个菌种:保加利亚杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Bulgaria)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris)、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlactis)、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteorides subsp.cremoris)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种(Lactococcus lactissubsp.lactis biovar diacetylactis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilusacidophilus)、乳酸乳球亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactic)、干酪乳杆菌(L.cassei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)。
实施例3
一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)超声处理:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水以料液比为1:30混合均匀,置于超声波萃取仪中,超声功率为500W保持10min;
(2)提取可溶性膳食纤维:将步骤(1)得到胡萝卜悬浮液4800r/min离心10min,得到上清液,上清液用4倍体积的95%乙醇沉淀24h,醇沉后混合物在4800r/min下离心10min,将残余物旋蒸至总体积的1/10,冷冻干燥精制为胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维;
(3)蚕豆复合浆料的制备:利用蚕豆粉制备复原浆料,将蚕豆粉与50-60℃超纯水以1:4.5(w/v)的比例混合均匀,然后加入10%的白砂糖并搅拌均匀;
(4)膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的制备:将步骤(2)中得到的可溶性膳食纤维以1%(w/v)加入步骤(3)得到的蚕豆复原浆料中,将发酵基料加热到90℃,保持10min,冰浴至45℃;
(5)添加发酵剂、灌装:预先活化混合益生发酵粉,将1.00g冻干混合益生菌粉加10mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料4℃置于30min,将活化好的混合发酵液加入步骤(4)得到的700mL膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料中,搅拌均匀,封装至布丁瓶中;
(6)恒温发酵:50℃下恒温发酵8h,当pH为4.6时,停止发酵。
(7)冷藏后熟:将步骤(6)发酵好的酸奶放入4℃冰箱中,冷藏24h即得到成品。
步骤(5)冻干混合益生菌粉的为北京川秀科技有限公司的发酵剂1.0L型,含有以下10个菌种:保加利亚杆菌(Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp.Bulgaria)、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.cremoris)、乳双歧杆菌(Bifidobacteriumlactis)、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种(Leuconostoc mesenteorides subsp.cremoris)、嗜热链球菌(Streptococcus thermophilus)、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种(Lactococcus lactissubsp.lactis biovar diacetylactis)、嗜酸乳杆菌(Lactobacillus acidophilusacidophilus)、乳酸乳球亚种(Lactococcus lactis subsp.lactic)、干酪乳杆菌(L.cassei)、鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)。
以上所述仅表达了本发明的优选实施方式,其描述较为具体和详细,但并不能因此而理解为对本发明专利范围的限制。应当指出的是,对于本领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明构思的前提下,还可以做出若干变形、改进及替代,这些都属于本发明的保护范围。因此,本发明专利的保护范围应以所附权利要求为准。
Claims (10)
1.一种含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
S1:将胡萝卜粉与超纯水按比例混合均匀后进行超声波萃取和离心分离,在离心处理后得到的上清液中加入95乙醇沉淀,将沉淀物复溶后冻干,得到改性的胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维;
S2:将蚕豆粉与超纯温水按比例混合均匀后加入白砂糖搅拌均匀制得蚕豆粉浆料,将S1制得的所述胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维加入蚕豆粉浆料中充分搅拌、混合均匀,得到膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料;
S3:将S2得到的膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料依次进行巴氏灭菌和冰浴,加入经过活化的发酵剂,得到膳食纤维-蚕豆复合乳;
S4:将S3得到的所述膳食纤维-蚕豆复合乳分装至布丁瓶中在42~50℃下恒温发酵7~8h,随后在低温下进行冷藏后熟,得到含改性胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维的酸奶。
2.根据权利要求1所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中所述胡萝卜粉与超纯水的料液比为1:10~30,超声功率为300~600W,超声波萃取处理时间为10min,离心处理时间为10min;醇沉时上清液与95乙醇的体积比为1:4,醇沉时间为12h~24h。
3.根据权利要求2所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S1中胡萝卜粉与超纯水的料水比为1:15(w/v),超声功率为400W。
4.根据权利要求1所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S2中所述蚕豆粉与50-60℃超纯温水的料液比为1:3.5~4.5(w/v);S2中加入所述蚕豆粉浆料中的胡萝卜可溶性膳食纤维的质量体积百分比为1%、白砂糖质量体积百分比为5~10%。
5.根据权利要求4所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S2中所述蚕豆粉与50-60℃超纯温水的料液比为1:4.5(w/v);所述白砂糖质量体积百分比为10%。
6.根据权利要求1所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S3中巴氏灭菌为将发酵基料加热到85~90℃,保持8~10min;冰浴后的温度为40~45℃;S3中经过活化的发酵剂由冻干混合益生菌粉与所述膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料混合后在4℃低温下静置30min得到;所述冻干混合益生菌粉与所述膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的料液比为1:500~700(w/v)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S3中所述冻干混合益生菌粉与所述膳食纤维-蚕豆复合浆料的料液比为1:500(w/v)。
8.根据权利要求6或7所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:所述冻干混合益生菌粉含有以下10个菌种:保加利亚杆菌、乳酸乳球菌乳脂亚种、乳双歧杆菌、肠膜明串珠菌乳脂亚种、嗜热链球菌、乳酸乳球菌双乙酰亚种、嗜酸乳杆菌、乳酸乳球亚种、干酪乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌。
9.根据权利要求1所述的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶的制备方法,其特征在于:S4中所述膳食纤维-蚕豆复合乳恒温发酵温度为42℃;恒温发酵培养至pH为4.6时,停止发酵;冷藏后熟的温度为4℃,时间为12~24h。
10.权利要求1-9任一所述制备方法得到的含有改性可溶性膳食纤维蚕豆酸奶。
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