CN112760821A - 一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN112760821A
CN112760821A CN202011427489.2A CN202011427489A CN112760821A CN 112760821 A CN112760821 A CN 112760821A CN 202011427489 A CN202011427489 A CN 202011427489A CN 112760821 A CN112760821 A CN 112760821A
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mask
nanofiber membrane
melt
functional
machine
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张金贵
沈明
朱君
林琳
邬淑红
沈培培
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Jiangsu Huicheng Medical Technology Co ltd
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Abstract

本发明目的在于提供一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，通过将静电纺丝机和口罩机串联使用，将纳米纤维的制备、纳米纤维交联、口罩加工连成一体，同时添加功能性纳米材料，实现高效、快速的功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的产业化制备。其优点在于：(1)本发明将静电纺丝机和口罩机串联使用，一步可以制备纳米纤维膜口罩，生产效率高，可产业化。(2)本发明的制备方法可以提高熔喷布的过滤效率，将过滤效率一般的熔喷布改造成为过滤效率高的熔喷布。(3)本发明制备的纳米纤维膜口罩可以增加功能性。(4)本发明制备过程简单、反应易控制，稳定性好、可产业化。

Description

一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及口罩制备技术领域，具体为一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩制备方 法，属于新材料制造领域。
背景技术
纳米纤维膜口罩是指采用纳米纤维膜替代传统聚丙烯熔喷布作为中间 过滤层的口罩，纳米纤维膜是口罩的核心。纳米纤维膜口罩作为常规口罩的 一个有效的补充，发挥了重要作用。作为其中的核心材料纳米纤维膜并非仅 适用于口罩，因其易与纳米尺寸功能性物质相结合的特点，已经在组织工程、 药物缓释、纳米传感器、能源应用、生物芯片基质、环境等领域具有广泛的 应用。但是，关于纳米纤维膜口罩的专利还不多，主要包括一种主体载药多 孔微球纳米纤维膜的口罩(CN207444319U)、一种载药多孔微球纳米纤维膜 的口罩及制备方法(CN107157959A)、一种口罩用立体型静电纺丝过滤材料 及其制备方法(CN104740934A)等。进一步地，关于纳米纤维膜口罩的产 业化制备方法还未见报道。
发明内容
针对目前的不足，本发明目的在于提供一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方 法，通过将静电纺丝机和口罩机串联使用，将纳米纤维的制备、纳米纤维交联、 口罩加工连成一体，同时添加功能性纳米材料，实现高效、快速的功能性纳米纤 维膜口罩的产业化制备。
本发明具体方案包括：
将口罩进料系统与静电纺丝机、高温烘干机相连，将口罩原料中熔喷布 置于静电纺丝机上，通过将功能性材料添加在水溶性的高分子材料中，在熔 喷布表面纺丝，得到纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布料；该熔喷布料经过高温 烘干机进行高温交联，处理后成为非水溶性的纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布 料。将该布料直接进入口罩机，保持静电纺丝机的放卷速度与口罩机的收卷 速度一致，与无纺布复合制备功能性纳米纤维膜口罩。
所述的熔喷布为克重20-50g/m2，0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为70-90％。
所述的静电纺丝机为螺杆式静电纺丝机，螺杆数量为3根，转速为8-15 rpm，螺杆至接收器距离120-180mm，放卷速度0.6-4m/min。
所述的水溶性的高分子材料为聚乙烯醇，聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、 聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种的混合物。制备工艺为：将高分子材料配制成质 量浓度为5-15％溶液，搅拌10-24小时，直至呈现为均一澄清的聚合物纺丝 液。
所述的功能性材料为30％纳米氧化锌水性分散液、30％纳米二氧化钛水性分 散液、10％纳米银水性溶液、10％纳米金水性溶液、1％石墨烯水性分散液、5％的 电气石水性分散液、5000ppm银离子水溶液一种或几种的混合物。功能性材料 在水溶性的高分子材料溶液的质量比为1-5％或30-50ppm，搅拌时间为5-10 小时，得到功能性的聚合物纺丝液。
所述的高温烘干机为红外灯烘干。功率为1200-2500W，温度在 350-450℃。
所述的非水溶性的纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布料的克重为25-55 g/m2，纤维直径在50-800nm之间。
所述的功能性纳米纤维膜口罩为0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率大于95％。
本发明的优点在于：
(1)本发明将静电纺丝机和口罩机串联使用，一步可以制备纳米纤维膜口 罩，生产效率高，可产业化。
(2)本发明的制备方法可以提高熔喷布的过滤效率，将过滤效率一般的 熔喷布改造成为过滤效率高的熔喷布。
(3)本发明制备的纳米纤维膜口罩可以增加功能性。
(4)本发明制备过程简单、反应易控制，稳定性好、可产业化。
附图说明
图1为口罩机进料与静电纺丝机一体化系统结构示意图。
图中：左边为口罩机进料系统结构示意图，中间为高温烘干机结构示意图，右 边为静电纺丝机结构示意图。
1-固定架、2-卡槽、3-固定板、4-连接架、5-夹板、6-挡环、7-滚轮、8-布卷、9- 红外灯加热装置、10-风冷装置、11-固定架、12-电极、13-样品槽、14-螺杆、15- 固定架。
具体实施方式
以下通过具体的实施例对本发明的技术方案作进一步描述。以下的实施例 是对本发明的进一步说明，而不限制本发明的范围。
实施例1
在如图1所示的一体化设备中，在熔喷布表面纺丝聚乙烯醇，其中熔喷 布的克重为30g/m2、过滤效率为80％；聚乙烯醇溶液的质量浓度为7％，搅 拌24小时，均一澄清的聚乙烯醇纺丝液；添加30％纳米氧化锌水性分散液， 搅拌10小时，得到纳米氧化锌的聚乙烯醇纺丝液，其中纳米氧化锌质量百分 比为2％。将熔喷布通过螺杆式静电纺丝机纺丝，螺杆转速为8rpm，螺杆至 接收器距离150mm，放卷速度1m/min，得到聚乙烯醇复合的熔喷布。该熔 喷布经过功率为2000W，温度在400℃的高温烘干机，得到高温交联的聚 乙烯醇复合的熔喷布。该熔喷布直接进入口罩机，保持静电纺丝机的放卷速 度与口罩机的收卷速度一致，与无纺布复合制备纳米氧化锌的纳米纤维膜口 罩。
高温交联的聚乙烯醇复合的熔喷布克重为33.4g/m2，纤维直径平均为560 nm，大肠杆菌的抗菌效率99.5％，制成的口罩对0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为97.3％。
实施例2
在如图1所示的一体化设备中，在熔喷布表面纺丝聚乙烯吡咯烷酮，其 中熔喷布的克重为20g/m2、过滤效率为70％；聚乙烯吡咯烷酮溶液的质量 浓度为5％，搅拌12小时，均一澄清的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纺丝液；添加10％纳 米银水性溶液，搅拌10小时，得到纳米银的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮纺丝液，其中纳 米银质量百分比为1％。将熔喷布通过螺杆式静电纺丝机纺丝，螺杆转速为12 rpm，螺杆至接收器距离120mm，放卷速度3m/min，得到聚乙烯吡咯烷酮 复合的熔喷布。该熔喷布经过功率为1500W，温度在350℃的高温烘干机， 得到高温交联的聚乙烯吡咯烷酮复合的熔喷布。该熔喷布直接进入口罩机， 保持静电纺丝机的放卷速度与口罩机的收卷速度一致，与无纺布复合制备纳 米银的纳米纤维膜口罩。
高温交联的聚乙烯醇复合的熔喷布克重为21.5g/m2，纤维直径平均为240 nm，大肠杆菌的抗菌效率99.9％，制成的口罩对0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为 91.5％。
实施例3
在如图1所示的一体化设备中，在熔喷布表面纺丝聚丙烯酰胺，其中熔 喷布的克重为40g/m2、过滤效率为80％；聚丙烯酰胺溶液的质量浓度为10％， 搅拌15小时，均一澄清的聚丙烯酰胺纺丝液；添加5000ppm银离子水溶液， 搅拌5小时，得到银离子的聚丙烯酰胺纺丝液，其中银离子浓度为50ppm。 将熔喷布通过螺杆式静电纺丝机纺丝，螺杆转速为15rpm，螺杆至接收器距 离180mm，放卷速度3.5m/min，得到聚丙烯酰胺复合的熔喷布。该熔喷布 经过功率为2000W，温度在400℃的高温烘干机，得到高温交联的聚丙烯 酰胺复合的熔喷布。该熔喷布直接进入口罩机，保持静电纺丝机的放卷速度 与口罩机的收卷速度一致，与无纺布复合制备银离子的纳米纤维膜口罩。
高温交联的聚丙烯酰胺复合的熔喷布克重为42.9g/m2，纤维直径平均为 780nm，大肠杆菌的抗菌效率99.9％，制成的口罩对0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率 为98.1％。

Claims (8)

1.一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于该方法包括如下步骤：
将口罩进料系统与静电纺丝机、高温烘干机相连，将口罩原料中熔喷布置于静电纺丝机上，通过将功能性材料添加在水溶性的高分子材料中，在熔喷布表面纺丝，得到纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布料；该熔喷布料经过高温烘干机进行高温交联，处理后成为非水溶性的纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布料。将该布料直接进入口罩机，保持静电纺丝机的放卷速度与口罩机的收卷速度一致，与无纺布复合制备功能性纳米纤维膜口罩。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的熔喷布为克重20-50g/m2，0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率为70-90％。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的静电纺丝机为螺杆式静电纺丝机，螺杆数量为3根，转速为8-15rpm，螺杆至接收器距离120-180mm，放卷速度0.6-4m/min。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的水溶性的高分子材料为聚乙烯醇，聚丙烯酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、聚丙烯酰胺中的一种或几种的混合物。制备工艺为：将高分子材料配制成质量浓度为5-15％溶液，搅拌10-24小时，直至呈现为均一澄清的聚合物纺丝液。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的功能性材料为30％纳米氧化锌水性分散液、30％纳米二氧化钛水性分散液、10％纳米银水性溶液、10％纳米金水性溶液、1％石墨烯水性分散液、5％的电气石水性分散液、5000ppm银离子水溶液一种或几种的混合物。功能性材料在水溶性的高分子材料溶液的质量比为1-5％或30-50ppm，搅拌时间为5-10小时，得到功能性的聚合物纺丝液。
6.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的高温烘干机为红外灯烘干。功率为1200-2500W，温度在350-450℃。
7.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的非水溶性的纳米纤维膜覆盖的复合熔喷布料的克重为25-55g/m2，纤维直径在50-800nm之间。
8.根据权利要求1所述的一种功能性纳米纤维膜口罩的制备方法，其特征在于所述的功能性纳米纤维膜口罩为0.3μm颗粒的过滤效率大于95％。
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